Physiological and antioxidant responses of cultivated and wild barley under salt stress

Saline soil is a critical environmental problem affecting crop yield worldwide. Tibetan wild barley is distinguished for its vast genetic diversity and high degree of tolerance to abiotic stress, including salinity. The present study compared the response of antioxidant defense system in the XZ16 wild and CM72 cultivated barleys to salt stress. Wild barley was relatively more tolerant than cultivated CM72, salt-tolerant cultivar, with less Na+ uptake and more K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ retention in plant tissues. The results of diaminobenzidine (DAB) and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) staining showed that XZ16 had significantly lower H2O2 and O2− concentrations than a salt-sensitive cultivar Gairdner, suggesting that the salt-tolerant genotype suffer from less oxidative damage. Moreover, XZ16 and Gairdner had the highest and lowest anti-oxidative enzyme activities and proline content in plant tissues. In addition, the microscopic examination revealed that DNA damage in cv. Gairdner was closely correlated to oxidative stress, representing that more reactive oxygen species accumulation in plants tissues leads to subsequent DNA damage. The present results show that higher salt tolerance of wild barley XZ16 is attributed to less Na+ accumulation and stronger anti-oxidative capacity.

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Ionomic, metabolomic and proteomic analyses reveal molecular mechanisms of root adaption to salt stress in Tibetan wild barley

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.12.032 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 123 ◽

pp. 319-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Qiufang Shen ◽

Jiahua Yu ◽

Liangbo Fu ◽

Liyuan Wu ◽

Fei Dai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Wild Barley ◽

Tibetan Wild Barley ◽

Proteomic Analyses

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The Barley S-Adenosylmethionine Synthetase 3 Gene HvSAMS3 Positively Regulates the Tolerance to Combined Drought and Salinity Stress in Tibetan Wild Barley

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells9061530 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 1530

Author(s):

Imrul Mosaddek Ahmed ◽

Umme Aktari Nadira ◽

Cheng-Wei Qiu ◽

Fangbin Cao ◽

Zhong-Hua Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salinity Stress ◽

Wild Barley ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Secretory Protein ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Tibetan Wild Barley ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Adenosylmethionine Synthetase

Drought and salinity are two of the most frequently co-occurring abiotic stresses. Despite recent advances in the elucidation of the effects of these stresses individually during the vegetative stage of plants, significant gaps exist in our understanding of the combined effects of these two frequently co-occurring stresses. Here, Tibetan wild barley XZ5 (drought tolerant), XZ16 (salt tolerant), and cultivated barley cv. CM72 (salt tolerant) were subjected to drought (D), salinity (S), or a combination of both treatments (D+S). Protein synthesis is one of the primary activities of the green part of the plant. Therefore, leaf tissue is an important parameter to evaluate drought and salinity stress conditions. Sixty differentially expressed proteins were identified by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF) and classified into 9 biological processes based on Gene Ontology annotation. Among them, 21 proteins were found to be expressed under drought or salinity alone; however, under D+S, 7 proteins, including S-adenosylmethionine synthetase 3 (SAMS3), were exclusively upregulated in drought-tolerant XZ5 but not in CM72. HvSAMS3 carries both N-terminal and central domains compared with Arabidopsis and activates the expression of several ethylene (ET)-responsive transcription factors. HvSAMS3 is mainly expressed in the roots and stems, and HvSAMS3 is a secretory protein located in the cell membrane and cytoplasm. Barley stripe mosaic virus-based virus-induced gene silencing (BSMV-VIGS) of HvSAMS3 in XZ5 severely compromised its tolerance to D+S and significantly reduced plant growth and K+ uptake. The reduced tolerance to the combined stress was associated with the inhibition of polyamines such as spermidine and spermine, polyamine oxidase, ethylene, biotin, and antioxidant enzyme activities. Furthermore, the exogenous application of ethylene and biotin improved the tolerance to D+S in BSMV-VIGS:HvSAMS3-inoculated plants. Our findings highlight the significance of HvSAMS3 in the tolerance to D+S in XZ5.

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Multi-omics analysis reveals molecular mechanisms of shoot adaption to salt stress in Tibetan wild barley

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-016-3242-9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Qiufang Shen ◽

Liangbo Fu ◽

Fei Dai ◽

Lixi Jiang ◽

Guoping Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Wild Barley ◽

Tibetan Wild Barley ◽

Omics Analysis

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Why do plants lack sodium pumps and would they benefit from having one?

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp16422 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 473 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jesper T. Pedersen ◽

Michael Palmgren

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

First Generation ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Tolerant Plants ◽

Stress Related Genes ◽

New Generation ◽

High Degree

The purpose of this minireview is to discuss the feasibility of creating a new generation of salt-tolerant plants that express Na+/K+-ATPases from animals or green algae. Attempts to generate salt-tolerant plants have focussed on increase the expression of or introducing salt stress-related genes from plants, bryophytes and yeast. Even though these approaches have resulted in plants with increased salt tolerance, plant growth is decreased under salt stress and often also under normal growth conditions. New strategies to increase salt tolerance are therefore needed. Theoretically, plants transformed with an animal-type Na+/K+-ATPase should not only display a high degree of salt tolerance but should also reduce the stress response exhibited by the first generation of salt-tolerant plants under both normal and salt stress conditions. The biological feasibility of such a strategy of producing transgenic plants that display improved growth on saline soil but are indistinguishable from wild-type plants under normal growth conditions, is discussed.

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Divergences in morphological changes and antioxidant responses in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive rice seedlings after salt stress

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.05.047 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 70 ◽

pp. 325-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Min Hee Lee ◽

Eun Ju Cho ◽

Seung Gon Wi ◽

Hyoungwoo Bae ◽

Ji Eun Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Rice Seedlings ◽

Antioxidant Responses

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Time-course of ionic responses and proteomic analysis of a Tibetan wild barley at early stage under salt stress

Plant Growth Regulation ◽

10.1007/s10725-016-0180-0 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

pp. 11-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Qiufang Shen ◽

Liangbo Fu ◽

Long Qiu ◽

Feng Xue ◽

Guoping Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Proteomic Analysis ◽

Time Course ◽

Wild Barley ◽

Early Stage ◽

Tibetan Wild Barley

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Genetic Potential for Salt Tolerance During Germination in Lycopersicon Species

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.2.296 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 296-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

M.R. Foolad ◽

G.Y. Lin

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Genotypic Variation ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Wild Accession ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Plant Introductions ◽

Genetic Potential ◽

Stress Levels

Seed of 42 wild accessions (Plant Introductions) of Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium Jusl., 11 cultigens (cultivated accessions) of L. esculentum Mill., and three control genotypes [LA716 (a salt-tolerant wild accession of L. pennellii Corr.), PI 174263 (a salt-tolerant cultigen), and UCT5 (a salt-sensitive breeding line)] were evaluated for germination in either 0 mm (control) or 100 mm synthetic sea salt (SSS, Na+/Ca2+ molar ratio equal to 5). Germination time increased in response to salt-stress in all genotypes, however, genotypic variation was observed. One accession of L. pimpinellifolium, LA1578, germinated as rapidly as LA716, and both germinated more rapidly than any other genotype under salt-stress. Ten accessions of L. pimpinellifolium germinated more rapidly than PI 174263 and 35 accessions germinated more rapidly than UCT5 under salt-stress. The results indicate a strong genetic potential for salt tolerance during germination within L. pimpinellifolium. Across genotypes, germination under salt-stress was positively correlated (r = 0.62, P < 0.01) with germination in the control treatment. The stability of germination response at diverse salt-stress levels was determined by evaluating germination of a subset of wild, cultivated accessions and the three control genotypes at 75, 150, and 200 mm SSS. Seeds that germinated rapidly at 75 mm also germinated rapidly at 150 mm salt. A strong correlation (r = 0.90, P < 0.01) existed between the speed of germination at these two salt-stress levels. At 200 mm salt, most accessions (76%) did not reach 50% germination by 38 days, demonstrating limited genetic potential within Lycopersicon for salt tolerance during germination at this high salinity.

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Assessment of oxidative DNA damage, oxidative stress responses and histopathological alterations in gill and liver tissues of Oncorhynchus mykiss treated with linuron

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327120984202 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 096032712098420

Author(s):

Ahmet Topal ◽

Arzu Gergit ◽

Mustafa Özkaraca

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Oxidative Dna Damage ◽

Chloride Cells ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Antioxidant Responses ◽

Secondary Lamellae ◽

Antioxidant Parameters ◽

Oxidative Stress Responses

We investigated changes in 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) activity which is a product of oxidative DNA damage, histopathological changes and antioxidant responses in liver and gill tissues of rainbow trout, following a 21-day exposure to three different concentrations of linuron (30 µg/L, 120 µg/L and 240 µg/L). Our results indicated that linuron concentrations caused an increase in LPO levels of liver and gill tissues ( p < 0.05). While linuron induced both increases and decreases in GSH levels and SOD activity, CAT activity was decreased by all concentrations of linuron ( p < 0.05). The immunopositivity of 8-OHdG was detected in the hepatocytes of liver and in the epithelial and chloride cells of the secondary lamellae of the gill tissues. Our results suggested that linuron could cause oxidative DNA damage by causing an increase in 8-OHdG activity in tissues, and it induces histopathological damage and alterations in the antioxidant parameters of the tissues.

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Genotypic Difference in the Responses to Nitrogen Fertilizer Form in Tibetan Wild and Cultivated Barley

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10030595 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 595

Author(s):

Shama Naz ◽

Qiufang Shen ◽

Jonas Lwalaba Wa Lwalaba ◽

Guoping Zhang

Keyword(s):

Wild Barley ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

N Uptake ◽

Total Soluble Protein ◽

Organic N ◽

Genotypic Difference ◽

N Availability ◽

Tibetan Wild Barley ◽

Cultivated Barley

Nitrogen (N) availability and form have a dramatic effect on N uptake and assimilation in plants, affecting growth and development. In the previous studies, we found great differences in low-N tolerance between Tibetan wild barley accessions and cultivated barley varieties. We hypothesized that there are different responses to N forms between the two kinds of barleys. Accordingly, this study was carried out to determine the response of four barley genotypes (two wild, XZ16 and XZ179; and two cultivated, ZD9 andHua30) under 4Nforms (NO3−, NH4+, urea and glycine). The results showed significant reduction in growth parameters such as root/shoot length and biomass, as well as photosynthesis parameters and total soluble protein content under glycine treatment relative to other N treatments, for both wild and cultivated barley, however, XZ179 was least affected. Similarly, ammonium adversely affected growth parameters in both wild and cultivated barleys, with XZ179 being severely affected. On the other hand, both wild and cultivated genotypes showed higher biomass, net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll and protein in NO3− treatment relative to other three N treatments. It may be concluded that barley undisputedly grows well under inorganic nitrogen (NO3−), however in response to the organic N wild barley prefer glycine more than cultivated barely.

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