scholarly journals Dietary supplementation of coated butyrate in healthy dogs: effect on apparent digestibility, faecal flora and faecal volatile fatty acids

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hesta ◽  
S. Arnouts ◽  
G.P.J. Janssens
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Faecal Flora ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Health Related

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of dietary addition of coated butyrate on gut health related faecal traits in dogs. A food with or without coated butyrate was tested in a crossover study with 17 dogs. Faecal samples were collected and frozen until analysis for proximate components. Fresh faecal samples were collected for bacterial culturing and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) analysis. The addition of coated butyrate to a dog diet had neither effect on faecal consistency score, dry matter content and faecal production nor on digestibility coefficients. Absolute and relative faecal contents of SCFA were not different for the two foods. The bacterial nitrogen (N) content of the faeces was significantly lower after butyrate addition compared to the control diet. In conclusion, the addition of butyrate to a dog food had no effect on faecal characteristics but the faecal bacterial protein content was significantly reduced by butyrate addition.

scholarly journals Fate of fructo-oligosaccharides in the human intestine

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine S. Alles ◽  
Joseph G. A. J. Hautvast ◽  
Fokko M. Nagengast ◽  
Ralf Hartemink ◽  
Katrien M. J. Van Laere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Colonic Fermentation ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Faecal Weight ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

There is a need for studies on colonic fermentation in order to learn more abouthealth and diseases of the colon. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the fate of twodifferent doses of fructo-oligosaccharides (5 and 15 g/d) v. glucose in the intestine of healthy men. Twenty-four volunteers participated in a 5-weekstudy. The study was a completely balanced multiple crossover trial using an orthogonal Latin-square design for three periods, with supplement periods of 7 d and two 7 d wash-out periods. Breath samples and faecal samples were collected. There was a clear gaseous response to the consumption of fructo-oligosaccharides. The highest dose significantly increased 24 h integratedexcretion of breath H2 (P < 0·05). Breath H2 excretion after ingestion of 5 g fructo-oligosaccharides was higher than control, but did not reach significance. No effects on the total concentration of short-chain fatty acids in faeces were observed, no modification of the molar proportions of the various short-chain fatty acids was observed. The faecal pH did not change. No changes in faecal weight were observed. No fructo-oligosaccharides were recovered in faeces. We conclude that fructo-oligosaccharides added to the diet of young Western subjects are fully metabolized in the large intestine. The level of fermentation seems to be dose-dependent.

DUST-BORNE TRACE GASES AND ODORANTS The analysis of dust-borne trace gases requires their i-solation from the dust particles. Procedures for the isolation and characterization of trace gases and odorants in the dust from pig houses are given by SCHAEFER et al. (29), HAMMOND et al.(30) and TRAVIS and ELLIOTT (31). Alcoholic solvents were found to be effective for the extraction of volatile fatty ac­ ids and phenols from the dust of hen (32) and pig houses (33), (34). Today, gas chromatography is usually used for the sepa­ ration and identification of the trace gases. Table IV gives a literature review of compounds identified in the dust of pig houses. There are only very few reports on investigations on the dust from hen houses (32). Most of the odours coming from livestock production units are associated with the biological degradation of the animal wastes (35), the feed and the body odour of the animals (1). Volatile fatty acids and phenolic compounds were found to con­ tribute mostly to the strong, typical odour of animal houses by the help of sensory evaluations parallel to the chemical analysis (29),(30). Table V gives quantitative values of volatile fatty acids and phenolic/indolic compounds found in the aerosol phase and in settled dust of piggeries, respectively. The results from the aerosol phase coincide, particularly as far as acetic acid is concerned. For the investigations of the settled dust the coefficients of variation (CV) and the relative values (%) characterizing the percentage of the single compounds as part of the total amount are quoted. The values are corrected with the dry matter content of the dust. Main components are acetic acid and p-cresol, respectively. Table VI compares results from air, dust and slurry in­ vestigations on VFA and phenolic/indolic compounds in piggeries. Relative values are used. When comparing the results derived from investigations on dust, air or slurry it is necessary to use relative values because of the different dimensions, for experience shows that in spite of large quantitative differ­ ences between two samples within the group of carboxylic acids and within the group of phenolic/indolic compounds the propor­ tions of the components remain rather stable (36). In the group of VFA acetic acid is the main component in air, dust, and slurry followed by propionic and butyric acid. The other three acids amount to less than 25%. In the group of phenols/ indoles p-cresol is the main component in the four cited in­ vestigations. However, it seems that straw bedding can reduce the p-cresol content; in this case phenol is the main compo­ nent , i nstead (37 ). 4. EMISSION OF DUST-BORNE VFA AND PHENOLS/INDOLES FROM PIGGERIES The investigations of dust from piggeries show that both VFA and phenols/indoles are present in a considerable amount. However, compared to the air-borne emissions calculated on the base of the results of LOGTENBERG and STORK (38) less than the tenth part (1/10) of phenols/indoles and about the hundredth part (1/100) of VFA are emitted by the dust, only. Table VII compares the dust-borne and air-borne emissions of VFA and

1986 ◽  
pp. 337-337
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Indolic Compounds ◽  
Settled Dust ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Main Component

ALFALFA SUPPLEMENTATION OF CORNCOB DIETS FOR SHEEP: COMPARISON WITH HIGHER VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS, SOYBEAN PROTEIN AND ALFALFA FIBER ON INTAKE, ENVIRONMENT AND DIGESTION IN THE RUMEN AND DIGESTA PASSAGE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1083-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. NDLOVU ◽  
J. G. BUCHANAN-SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Protein Preparation ◽  
Alfalfa Hay

Nine lambs fitted with rumen cannulae were used in two 5 × 5 Latin squares to measure the effect of alfalfa hay, C4- and C5-branched- and straight-chain volatile fatty acids (C4/C5 VFAs), cell wall from alfalfa hay (ALFCW) and a soybean protein preparation on intake and rumen digestion of a basal corncob diet with urea included at 30 g kg−1. Relative to the control, alfalfa hay decreased (P < 0.05) intake of the basal diet but increased (P < 0.05) total dry matter intake. ALFCW and soybean protein did not affect intake of the basal diet and total dry matter (P > 0.05). C4/C5 VFAs increased intake of basal diet by sheep in one square (P < 0.05) but had no effect (P > 0.05) on intake with sheep in the other square. Alfalfa hay, ALFCW and soybean protein increased (P < 0.05) total VFA concentration in rumen fluid while only alfalfa hay and C4/C5 VFAs consistently increased isobutyrate, isovalerate and valerate levels in rumen fluid (P < 0.05). In comparison with the control diet, soybean protein elevated (P < 0.05) mean rumen ammonia-N levels whereas C4/C5 VFAs depressed them; however, values exceeded 17 mg dL−1 rumen fluid on all treatments. Most measures of digestion kinetics of fiber from corncobs were unaffected by supplementation (P > 0.05). Alfalfa hay and ALFCW increased (P < 0.05) rate of passage of digesta from the reticulo-rumen. It was concluded that alfalfa hay has a reduced role in improving intake of corncob diets when there is also sufficient NPN in the diet. Key words: Roughage (poor quality), volatile fatty acids, rumen ammonia levels, chromium-mordanted cell walls

scholarly journals Differences between human subjects in the composition of the faecal bacterial community and faecal metabolism of linoleic acid

Microbiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 155 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle Devillard ◽  
Freda M. McIntosh ◽  
Delphine Paillard ◽  
Nadine A. Thomas ◽  
Kevin J. Shingfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Cla Isomers

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is formed from linoleic acid (LA; cis-9,cis-12-18 : 2) by intestinal bacteria. Different CLA isomers have different implications for human health. The aim of this study was to investigate LA metabolism and the CLA isomers formed in two individuals (V1 and V2) with different faecal metabolic characteristics, and to compare fatty acid metabolism with the microbial community composition. LA incubated with faecal samples was metabolized at similar rates with both subjects, but the products were different. LA was metabolized extensively to stearic acid (SA; 18 : 0) in V1, with minor accumulation of CLA and more rapid accumulation of vaccenic acid (VA; trans-11-18 : 1). CLA accumulation at 4 h was almost tenfold higher with V2, and little SA was formed. At least 12 different isomers of CLA were produced from LA by the colonic bacteria from the two individuals. The predominant (>75 %) CLA isomer in V1 was rumenic acid (RA; cis-9,trans-11-18 : 2), whereas the concentrations of RA and trans-10,cis-12-18 : 2 were similar with V2. Propionate and butyrate proportions in short-chain fatty acids were higher in V1. A 16S rRNA clone library from V1 contained mainly Bacteroidetes (54 % of clones), whereas Firmicutes (66 % of clones) predominated in V2. Both samples were devoid of bacteria related to Clostridium proteoclasticum, the only gut bacterium known to metabolize VA to SA. Thus, the CLA formed in the intestine of different individuals may differ according to their resident microbiota, with possibly important implications with respect to gut health.

Responses in milk yield and composition to the inclusion of ammonium salts of short-chain fatty acids in the drinking water of dairy cows

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jackson ◽  
J. A. F. Rook
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Jersey Cows ◽  
Friesian Cows

SUMMARYThe effect of introducing a solution of fatty acids (consisting mainly of ammonium acetate) into the drinking water of Jersey and Friesian cows on the yield and composition of milk was investigated. In short-term experiments there were small increases in milk yield and in the yield of fat in Jersey cows receiving either a high-roughage or a high-concentrate diet and in Friesian cows receiving a high-concentrate diet. Friesian cows receiving a high-roughage diet gave no response. In a long-term experiment extending over 16 weeks of lactation with Jersey cows receiving a high-concentrate diet, there was no immediate effect on milk yield but a greater persistency and overall the yield of fat was increased by 5·9%.Inclusion of ammonia salts in the drinking water caused increases in the ammonia contents of rumen liquor and of blood but there was little effect on rumen pH or the volatile fatty acids of rumen liquor.

Alternative method for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of short-chain fatty acids in faecal samples

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (15) ◽  
pp. 1906-1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocio García-Villalba ◽  
Juan A. Giménez-Bastida ◽  
Maria T. García-Conesa ◽  
Francisco A. Tomás-Barberán ◽  
Juan Carlos Espín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Faecal Samples

DietaryChlorella vulgarismicroalgae improves feed utilization, milk production and concentrations of conjugated linoleic acids in the milk of Damascus goats

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. KHOLIF ◽  
T. A. MORSY ◽  
O. H. MATLOUP ◽  
U. Y. ANELE ◽  
A. G. MOHAMED ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Conjugated Linoleic Acid

SUMMARYFifteen lactating Damascus goats (44 ± 0·8 kg body weight) were used in a completely randomized design to evaluate the supplementation ofChlorella vulgarismicroalgae at 0 (Control), 5 (Alg05) and 10 g/goat/day (Alg10) for 12 weeks.Chlorella vulgaristreatments increased feed intake and apparent diet digestibility compared with a control diet. No differences were noted in the ruminal pH and ammonia-N concentrations, but increased concentration of total volatile fatty acids and propionic acid were observed in goats fed with Alg05 and Alg10. Diets of Alg05 and Alg10 increased serum glucose concentration but decreased glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and cholesterol concentrations. Additionally,C. vulgarissupplementation moderately increased milk yield, energy corrected milk, total solids, solids not fat and lactose. Feeding Alg05 and Alg10 diets increased milk unsaturated fatty acids with concomitant increases in total conjugated linoleic acid concentrations. It is concluded that the daily inclusion of 5 or 10 g ofC. vulgarisin the diets of Damascus goats increased milk yield and positively modified milk fatty acid profile.

Sites of organic acid production and absorption in gastrointestinal tract of the pig

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (2) ◽  
pp. 454-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Argenzio ◽  
M Southworth
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Organic Acid Production ◽  
Rumen Epithelium ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Digesta Passage

The relationship between diet, pH, and microbial digestion of carbohydrate was examined in 24 pigs fed either a conventional or a low-protein, high-cellulose experimental diet and sacrificed 2, 4, 8, or 12 h after a meal. In animals fed the control diet contents of the cranial half of the stomach demonstrated marked, cyclic fluctuations in pH and high concentrations of organic acids. Contents of the caudal (glandular) half were lower in both pH and organic acid concentration. Despite concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) as high as 250 meq/liter in the large intestine, the pH remained relatively neutral. The VFA levels remained relatively constant throughout the length of the colon. The VFA transport across isolated gastric and large intestinal mucosa also was examined. All four types of gastric mucosa absorbed and transported VFA at substantial rates. Mucosa of pig cecum and colon transported VFA at much greater rates than gastric mucosa and greater rates than previously determined in equine large intestinal mucosa or even bovine rumen epithelium. Comparison with results of earlier studies in the pony suggested that the higher concentration of VFA in the large intestinal contents of pigs was due to the more rapid rate of digesta passage rather than to less efficient absorption of fatty acids.

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