scholarly journals Differences between human subjects in the composition of the faecal bacterial community and faecal metabolism of linoleic acid

Microbiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 155 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle Devillard ◽  
Freda M. McIntosh ◽  
Delphine Paillard ◽  
Nadine A. Thomas ◽  
Kevin J. Shingfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Cla Isomers

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is formed from linoleic acid (LA; cis-9,cis-12-18 : 2) by intestinal bacteria. Different CLA isomers have different implications for human health. The aim of this study was to investigate LA metabolism and the CLA isomers formed in two individuals (V1 and V2) with different faecal metabolic characteristics, and to compare fatty acid metabolism with the microbial community composition. LA incubated with faecal samples was metabolized at similar rates with both subjects, but the products were different. LA was metabolized extensively to stearic acid (SA; 18 : 0) in V1, with minor accumulation of CLA and more rapid accumulation of vaccenic acid (VA; trans-11-18 : 1). CLA accumulation at 4 h was almost tenfold higher with V2, and little SA was formed. At least 12 different isomers of CLA were produced from LA by the colonic bacteria from the two individuals. The predominant (>75 %) CLA isomer in V1 was rumenic acid (RA; cis-9,trans-11-18 : 2), whereas the concentrations of RA and trans-10,cis-12-18 : 2 were similar with V2. Propionate and butyrate proportions in short-chain fatty acids were higher in V1. A 16S rRNA clone library from V1 contained mainly Bacteroidetes (54 % of clones), whereas Firmicutes (66 % of clones) predominated in V2. Both samples were devoid of bacteria related to Clostridium proteoclasticum, the only gut bacterium known to metabolize VA to SA. Thus, the CLA formed in the intestine of different individuals may differ according to their resident microbiota, with possibly important implications with respect to gut health.

scholarly journals Metabolism of Linoleic Acid by Human Gut Bacteria: Different Routes for Biosynthesis of Conjugated Linoleic Acid

2007 ◽  
Vol 189 (6) ◽  
pp. 2566-2570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle Devillard ◽  
Freda M. McIntosh ◽  
Sylvia H. Duncan ◽  
R. John Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Health Promoting

ABSTRACT A survey of 30 representative strains of human gram-positive intestinal bacteria indicated that Roseburia species were among the most active in metabolizing linoleic acid (cis-9,cis-12-18:2). Different Roseburia spp. formed either vaccenic acid (trans-11-18:1) or a 10-hydroxy-18:1; these compounds are precursors of the health-promoting conjugated linoleic acid cis-9,trans-11-18:2 in human tissues and the intestine, respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of a gluten-free diet on gut microbiota and immune function in healthy adult human subjects

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 1154-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giada De Palma ◽  
Inmaculada Nadal ◽  
Maria Carmen Collado ◽  
Yolanda Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Faecal Samples

Diet influences the composition of the gut microbiota and host's health, particularly in patients suffering from food-related diseases. Coeliac disease (CD) is a permanent intolerance to cereal gluten proteins and the only therapy for the patients is to adhere to a life-long gluten-free diet (GFD). In the present preliminary study, the effects of a GFD on the composition and immune function of the gut microbiota were analysed in ten healthy subjects (mean age 30·3 years) over 1 month. Faecal microbiota was analysed by fluorescencein situhybridisation (FISH) and quantitative PCR (qPCR). The ability of faecal bacteria to stimulate cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was determined by ELISA. No significant differences in dietary intake were found before and after the GFD except for reductions (P = 0·001) in polysaccharides.Bifidobacterium,Clostridium lituseburenseandFaecalibacterium prausnitziiproportions decreased (P = 0·007,P = 0·031 andP = 0·009, respectively) as a result of the GFD analysed by FISH.Bifidobacterium,LactobacillusandBifidobacterium longumcounts decreased (P = 0·020,P = 0·001 andP = 0·017, respectively), whileEnterobacteriaceaeandEscherichia colicounts increased (P = 0·005 andP = 0·003) after the GFD assessed by qPCR. TNF-α, interferon-γ, IL-10 and IL-8 production by PBMC stimulated with faecal samples was also reduced (P = 0·021,P = 0·037,P = 0·002 andP = 0·007, respectively) after the diet. Therefore, the GFD led to reductions in beneficial gut bacteria populations and the ability of faecal samples to stimulate the host's immunity. Thus, the GFD may constitute an environmental variable to be considered in treated CD patients for its possible effects on gut health.

Performance, nutrient digestibility and selected gut health parameters of broilers fed with black soldier fly, lesser mealworm and yellow mealworm

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
M.E. Van der Heide ◽  
J.V. Nørgaard ◽  
R.M. Engberg
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Yellow Mealworm ◽  
Lesser Mealworm ◽  
Health Parameters

This study aimed to investigate the effect of feeding three types of insect meal on broilers’ performance and selected gut health parameters. Day-old straight-run Ross 308 broilers (n=600) were group housed in 24 pens and fed diets containing 10% of either Tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworm, YMW), defatted Hermetia illucens (black soldier fly, BSF) or Alphitobius diaperinus (lesser mealworm, LMW), or a control (CTRL) diet for 35 days. Feed intake and gain were recorded at days 14, 28 and 35. On day 13, four broilers from each pen were placed in metabolic cages to determine apparent total tract digestibility after adaptation to 100% of one of three types of insect meal. Birds were killed, and intestinal content was collected on days 22 and 36 for determination of pH, selected groups of intestinal bacteria and short chain fatty acids (SCFA). Footpad lesions were scored on day 36. Birds fed LMW and YMW ate less than birds fed BSF or CTRL, but feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved when birds were fed LMW. Dry matter digestibility was similar among insects, but differences were observed in ash and fat digestibility and nitrogen retention in which the BSF meal gave the highest digestibility of these nutrients. Birds fed any type of insect meal diet had higher levels of Clostridium perfringens in caecal and ileal digesta. Footpad dermatitis severity was similar between CTRL and insect-supplemented diets. Total SCFA levels as well as butyrate in digesta of birds fed BSF was lower than the levels of these SCFA in the other treatments. The propionate concentrations in caecal and ileal digesta were high for all diets containing insect meal. In conclusion, gain was maintained when feeding BSF but not LMW and YMW due to lower feed intake. Insect meal did not affect indicators of broilers’ gut health.

scholarly journals Mechanism of conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid formation in human faecal suspensions and pure cultures of intestinal bacteria

Microbiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freda M. McIntosh ◽  
Kevin J. Shingfield ◽  
Estelle Devillard ◽  
Wendy R. Russell ◽  
R. John Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Hydrogen Abstraction ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Butyrivibrio Fibrisolvens ◽  
Human Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Faecal Bacteria

Faecal bacteria from four human donors and six species of human intestinal bacteria known to metabolize linoleic acid (LA) were incubated with LA in deuterium oxide-enriched medium to investigate the mechanisms of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and vaccenic acid (VA) formation. The main CLA products in faecal suspensions, rumenic acid (cis-9,trans-11-CLA; RA) and trans-9,trans-11-CLA, were labelled at C-13, as were other 9,11 geometric isomers. Traces of trans-10,cis-12-CLA formed were labelled to a much lower extent. In pure culture, Bifidobacterium breve NCFB 2258 formed labelled RA and trans-9,trans-11-CLA, while Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 16.4, Roseburia hominis A2-183T, Roseburia inulinivorans A2-192T and Ruminococcus obeum-like strain A2-162 converted LA to VA, labelled in a manner indicating that VA was formed via C-13-labelled RA. Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii DSM 4902T, a possible probiotic, formed mainly RA with smaller amounts of trans-10,cis-12-CLA and trans-9,trans-11-CLA, labelled the same as in the mixed microbiota. Ricinoleic acid (12-OH-cis-9-18 : 1) did not form CLA in the mixed microbiota, in contrast to CLA formation described for Lactobacillus plantarum. These results were similar to those reported for the mixed microbiota of the rumen. Thus, although the bacterial genera and species responsible for biohydrogenation in the rumen and the human intestine differ, and a second route of RA formation via a 10-OH-18 : 1 is present in the intestine, the overall labelling patterns of different CLA isomers formation are common to both gut ecosystems. A hydrogen-abstraction enzymic mechanism is proposed that may explain the role of a 10-OH-18 : 1 intermediate in 9,11-CLA formation in pure and mixed cultures.

scholarly journals Dietary supplementation of coated butyrate in healthy dogs: effect on apparent digestibility, faecal flora and faecal volatile fatty acids

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hesta ◽  
S. Arnouts ◽  
G.P.J. Janssens
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Faecal Flora ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Health Related

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of dietary addition of coated butyrate on gut health related faecal traits in dogs. A food with or without coated butyrate was tested in a crossover study with 17 dogs. Faecal samples were collected and frozen until analysis for proximate components. Fresh faecal samples were collected for bacterial culturing and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) analysis. The addition of coated butyrate to a dog diet had neither effect on faecal consistency score, dry matter content and faecal production nor on digestibility coefficients. Absolute and relative faecal contents of SCFA were not different for the two foods. The bacterial nitrogen (N) content of the faeces was significantly lower after butyrate addition compared to the control diet. In conclusion, the addition of butyrate to a dog food had no effect on faecal characteristics but the faecal bacterial protein content was significantly reduced by butyrate addition.

Analysis of the intestinal microbiota of oligosaccharide fed mice exhibiting reduced resistance to Salmonella infection

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Petersen ◽  
A. Bergström ◽  
J. Andersen ◽  
M. Hansen ◽  
S. Lahtinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Bacteroidetes Phylum ◽  
Bifidogenic Effect ◽  
Stimulation Of

Certain indigestible carbohydrates, known as prebiotics, are claimed to be beneficial for gut health through a selective stimulation of certain gut microbes including bifidobacteria. However, stimulation of such microbes does not necessarily imply a preventive effect against pathogen infection. We recently demonstrated a reduced resistance to Salmonella infection in mice fed diets containing fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) or xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS). In the present study, faecal and caecal samples from the same mice were analysed in order to study microbial changes potentially explaining the observed effects on the pathogenesis of Salmonella. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis revealed that the microbiota in faecal samples from mice fed FOS or XOS were different from faecal samples collected before the feeding trial as well as from faecal profiles generated from control animals. This difference was not seen for caecal profiles. Further analysis of faecal samples by real-time PCR demonstrated a significant increase in the Bacteroidetes phylum, the Bacteroides fragilis group and in Bifidobacterium spp. in mice fed FOS or XOS. The observed bifidogenic effect was more pronounced for XOS than for FOS. The Firmicutes phylum and the Clostridium coccoides group were reduced by both FOS and XOS. Surprisingly, no significant differences were detected between faecal samples collected before and after pathogen challenge in any of the groups. Furthermore, no effect of diets on caecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids was recorded. In conclusion, diets supplemented with FOS or XOS induced a number of microbial changes in the faecal microbiota of mice. The observed effects of XOS were qualitatively similar to those of FOS, but the most prominent bifidogenic effect was seen for XOS. An increased level of bifidobacteria is thus not in itself preventive against Salmonella infection, since the same XOS or FOS-fed mice were previously reported to be more severely affected by Salmonella than control animals.

scholarly journals Diets Rich in Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Vaccenic Acid Have No Effect on Blood Pressure and Isobaric Arterial Elasticity in Healthy Young Men

2006 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 992-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Raff ◽  
Tine Tholstrup ◽  
Kristen Sejrsen ◽  
Ellen M. Straarup ◽  
Niels Wiinberg
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Arterial Elasticity

scholarly journals Key bacterial taxa and metabolic pathways affecting gut short-chain fatty acid profiles in early life

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Tsukuda ◽  
Kana Yahagi ◽  
Taeko Hara ◽  
Yohei Watanabe ◽  
Hoshitaka Matsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Breastfeeding Cessation ◽  
Acetyl Coa Pathway ◽  
Interspecific And Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Butyrate Production ◽  
Formate Production

AbstractInfant gut microbiota development affects the host physiology throughout life, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are promising key metabolites mediating microbiota-host relationships. Here, we investigated dense longitudinally collected faecal samples from 12 subjects during the first 2 years (n = 1048) to identify early life gut SCFA patterns and their relationships with the microbiota. Our results revealed three distinct phases of progression in the SCFA profiles: early phase characterised by low acetate and high succinate, middle-phase characterised by high lactate and formate and late-phase characterised by high propionate and butyrate. Assessment of the SCFA–microbiota relationships revealed that faecal butyrate is associated with increased Clostridiales and breastfeeding cessation, and that diverse and personalised assemblage of Clostridiales species possessing the acetyl-CoA pathway play major roles in gut butyrate production. We also found an association between gut formate and some infant-type bifidobacterial species, and that human milk oligosaccharides (HMO)-derived fucose is the substrate for formate production during breastfeeding. We identified genes upregulated in fucose and fucosylated HMO utilisation in infant-type bifidobacteria. Notably, bifidobacteria showed interspecific and intraspecific variation in the gene repertoires, and cross-feeding of fucose contributed to gut formate production. This study provides an insight into early life SCFA–microbiota relationships, which is an important step for developing strategies for modulating lifelong health.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01 Supplementation Improves Glycemic Control in Prediabetic Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2337
Author(s):  
Mi-Ra Oh ◽  
Hui-Yeon Jang ◽  
Si-Yeon Lee ◽  
Su-Jin Jung ◽  
Soo-Wan Chae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Hba1c Levels

A recent animal study demonstrated that administration of Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01 isolated from Korean kimchi improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetic mice. In the present study, we evaluated Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01’s effects on metabolic parameters of prediabetic human subjects. Forty subjects with isolated impaired glucose tolerance were randomly assigned to receive a daily placebo (n = 20) or a dose of Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01 (n = 20) over eight weeks. The primary endpoint was a change in 2 h postprandial glucose (2h-PPG) levels and the secondary endpoints were assessment of other glucose metabolism parameters, including HbA1c, gut microbiota composition, and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The group with a diet supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01 saw a significant reduction in 2h-PPG and HbA1c levels compared to the placebo group. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, microbiota composition, and fecal SCFAs, however, were not significantly altered. No serious adverse effects were reported. This is the first clinical trial to show a beneficial effect of single-strain probiotic supplementation administered over eight weeks on HbA1c levels in prediabetic subjects.

scholarly journals Impact of Glucosamine Supplementation on Gut Health

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2180
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Moon ◽  
Peter Finnegan ◽  
Richard A. Stecker ◽  
Hanna Lee ◽  
Kayla M. Ratliff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Habit ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Crossover Fashion ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
The Impact

Glucosamine (GLU) is a natural compound found in cartilage, and supplementation with glucosamine has been shown to improve joint heath and has been linked to reduced mortality rates. GLU is poorly absorbed and may exhibit functional properties in the gut. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of glucosamine on gastrointestinal function as well as changes in fecal microbiota and metabolome. Healthy males (n = 6) and females (n = 5) (33.4 ± 7.7 years, 174.1 ± 12.0 cm, 76.5 ± 12.9 kg, 25.2 ± 3.1 kg/m2, n = 11) completed two supplementation protocols that each spanned three weeks separated by a washout period that lasted two weeks. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover fashion, participants ingested a daily dose of GLU hydrochloride (3000 mg GlucosaGreen®, TSI Group Ltd., USA) or maltodextrin placebo. Study participants completed bowel habit and gastrointestinal symptoms questionnaires in addition to providing a stool sample that was analyzed for fecal microbiota and metabolome at baseline and after the completion of each supplementation period. GLU significantly reduced stomach bloating and showed a trend towards reducing constipation and hard stools. Phylogenetic diversity (Faith’s PD) and proportions of Pseudomonadaceae, Peptococcaceae, and Bacillaceae were significantly reduced following GLU consumption. GLU supplementation significantly reduced individual, total branched-chain, and total amino acid excretion, with no glucosamine being detected in any of the fecal samples. GLU had no effect on fecal short-chain fatty acids levels. GLU supplementation provided functional gut health benefits and induced fecal microbiota and metabolome changes.

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