scholarly journals The content of insoluble fibre and crude protein value of the aboveground biomass of Amaranthus cruentus and A. hypochondriacus

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 348-353
Author(s):  
B. Písaříková ◽  
J. Peterka ◽  
M. Trčková ◽  
J. Moudrý ◽  
Z. Zralý ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Insoluble Fibre ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

Twenty samples of the aboveground biomass of <i>Amaranthus cruentus</i> (varieties Olpir, Amar 2 RR-R 150, and A 200 D) and <i>A. hypochondriacus</i> (variety No. 1008) were analysed to determine their nutritional value during the experimental period covering five growth stages from inflorescence emergence till full ripening of grain. During plant growth, from day 80 to day 120 of cultivation, the nutritional value decreased. This was demonstrated by an increase in insoluble fibre and a reduction in crude protein content. The content of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in the dry matter increased from 356 to 420 g/kg (<i>P</i> < 0.01); acid detergent fibre (ADF) from 238 to 286 g/kg (<i>P</i> < 0.01); acid detergent lignin (ADL) from 22.9 to 53.4 g/kg (<i>P</i> < 0.01). The content of crude protein in the dry matter of the investigated amaranth varieties decreased from 174 to 109 g/kg (<i>P</i> < 0.01). In the Czech Republic the aboveground biomass of the cultivated <i>A. cruentus</i> and <i>A. hypochondriacus</i> could be used as a good source of fibre and protein in animal diets when harvested in the period from day 80 to 90 of cultivation.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of the Above-ground Biomass of Amaranthus cruentus and A. hypochondriacus

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Písaříková ◽  
J. Peterka ◽  
M. Trčková ◽  
J. Moudrý ◽  
Z. Zralý ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
Gross Energy

Forty samples of dry above-ground biomass of two species and four varieties of Amaranthus cruentus (varieties Olpir, Amar 2 RR-R 150, and A 200 D) and A. hypochondriacus (variety No. 1008) were analyzed to determine their nutritional value during the experimental period covering five growth stages since inflorescence emergence till full ripening of grain from day 80 to day 120 of cultivation. The content of crude protein in the investigated amaranth varieties significantly decreased (from 158.2 ± 1.20 - 185.4 ± 2.33 to 103.8 ± 1.20 - 113.1 ± 0.01 g/kg) as well as did the crude ash content (from 169.9 ± 0.14 - 192.2 ± 0.42 to 129.7 ± 0.14 - 138.4 ± 0.21 g/kg). In contrast, the ether extract content significantly increased (from 12.2 ± 0.14 - 15.9 ± 0.28 to 28.0 ± 0.28 - 36.4 ± 0.14 g/kg) as well as crude fibre (from 144.9 ± 2.12 - 170.0 ± 3.68 to 183.6 ± 7.00 - 276.0 ± 1.20 g/kg), and gross-energy (from 16.6 ± 0.03 - 17.2 ± 0.07 to 18.1 ± 0.14 - 18.4 ± 0.01 MJ/kg) between days 80 and 120 of cultivation. The relatively high content of crude protein in the aboveground biomass in the period between days 80 and 90 of cultivation suggests that the plants could be used as a nutrient substitute for conventional forages.

Nutritional value of Phalaris minor seeds and its comparison with conventional cereal grains for livestock feeding

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine Kaur ◽  
S. Thakur ◽  
Mahendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Phalaris Minor ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Mineral Profile ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Livestock Feeding

The aim of the present study was to determine the nutritional value of Phalaris minor seeds in comparison to conventional cereal grains. P. minor seeds had higher ether extract (6.3%), total ash (7.5%), acid insoluble ash (AIA, 4.5%), acid detergent fibre (ADF, 10.2%), cellulose (5.5%), acid detergent lignin (ADL, 2.0%), neutral detergent insoluble crude protein (NDICP, 4.0%) and acid detergent insoluble crude protein (ADICP, 2.7%) content in comparison to conventional cereal grains. The crude protein of P. minor seeds (12.3%) was similar to that of wheat (12.0%), but higher than other conventional cereal grains including maize (9.0%). The amino acid composition of P. minor seeds was more or less similar to conventional cereal grains. P. minor seeds had a superior mineral profile (Ca, P, Na, K, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) than conventional cereal grains. In vitro evaluation revealed that net gas production was lowest (P less than 0.05) in P. minor seeds (216.37 L/kg DM/24 h). The methane production (L/kg DM/24 h)from P. minor seeds (43.03)was lower (P less than 0.05) than that from wheat (54.33) and barley (57.35). The organic matter digestibility of P. minor seeds (83.27%) was similar to that of barley (81.69%).It was concluded that P. minor seeds could be considered as potential source of nutrients for livestock.

The nutritional value of some tropical grasses

1965 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Grieve ◽  
D. F. Osbourn
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Pasture Grasses ◽  
Gross Energy

1. Twenty feeding and digestibility trials were carried out on seven tropical grasses to determine their nutritional value at different stages of growth, and to study their suitability as possible pasture grasses.2. Content of crude protein was relatively high at immature growth stages of the forages, and declined rapidly with the onset of flowering.3. Digestibility of dry matter and gross energy increased in most of the forages tested to the 5-week stage of regrowth but declined rapidly in mature stages of forages tested at 6 or 8 weeks of regrowth. Digestibility of crude protein declined with increasing maturity of the forages.4. The Nutritive Value Index of each forage was highest at four or five weeks of regrowth. The optimum time to graze the forages tested would occur between 4 and 5 weeks of regrowth, at the stage when flowering commences. This would combine high yield of forage with high nutritional value.

scholarly journals Amino acid contents and intestinal digestibility of lucerne in ruminants as influenced by growth stage

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 499-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Homolka ◽  
V. Koukolová ◽  
Z. Němec ◽  
Z. Mudřík ◽  
B. Hučko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Amino Acid Contents ◽  
Intestinal Digestibility

Lucerne (<I>Medicago sativa</I> L. var. Palava), harvested at four successive dates over a 30-day period, was evaluated for chemical composition (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, nitrogen-free extract, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin), amino acid contents and intestinal digestibility in dairy cows. Dry matter (<I>r</I> = 0.78), organic matter (<I>r</I> = 0.95), crude fibre (<I>r</I> = 0.91), neutral detergent fibre (<I>r</I> = 0.94), acid detergent fibre (<I>r</I> = 0.79) and acid detergent lignin (<I>r</I> = 0.48) presented positive linear correlation coefficients (<I>r</I>) with growth stage, whereas crude protein (<I>r</I> = –0.96), ether extract (<I>r</I> = –0.86) and nitrogen-free extract (<I>r</I> = –0.70) showed negative relationships. Total essential amino acid content decreased (<I>r</I> = –0.94) from 84.1 to 55.3 g/kg of dry matter with maturity, with <I>r</I>-values higher than –0.90 obtained between growth stage and contents of lysine, methionine, threonine and valine. With the exception of tyrosine (<I>r</I> = –0.68), r-values between growth stage and individual non-essential amino acids were all higher than –0.90. Total amino acid (<I>r</I> = –0.98) and nitrogen (<I>r</I> = –0.99) contents presented comparable tendencies with successive sampling times. Whereas no definite trends were detected for the amino acid composition of rumen incubated (16 hours) lucerne samples, the intestinal digestibility of total essential (<I>r</I> = –0.78), total non-essential (<I>r</I> = –0.58) and total (<I>r</I> = –0.69) amino acids as well as nitrogen (<I>r</I> = –0.99) decreased with growth. However, due to a small sample size (<I>n</I> = 4), most linear relationships between constituents and growth stage were insignificant. It can be concluded that, although limited in the sample size, this report presents information on the decrease in amino acid contents and intestinal amino acid digestibility as growth proceeds in lucerne (var. Palava) produced in the Czech Republic, which could be utilized in the feeding of ruminants.

Nutritional value of alfalfa genotypes at various growth stages

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
В.Г. Косолапова ◽  
С.А. Муссие
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Omega 3

В статье представлены материалы отечественных и зарубежных авторов, характеризующие биологические особенности люцерны в зависимости от фазы развития, сортовой принадлежности и в сравнении с другими культурами. В решении проблемы производства энергонасыщенных высокобелковых кормов ей отводится важная роль. Люцерна (Medicago sativa) является важнейшей кормовой и самой распространённой культурой в мире. Она отличается высокой урожайностью, ценными кормовыми характеристиками по протеиновой, витаминной и минеральной питательности. В России площадь посевов люцерны достигает 2,3–2,5 млн га. Онa широко выращивается на территории Центрального и Приволжского экономических районов. Люцерна превосходит многие бобовые и злаковые культуры по содержанию питательных веществ и занимает одно из главных мест в кормопроизводстве Российской Федерации для использования в зелёном конвейере и приготовления сена, сенажа и силоса. Авторами отмечается высокое содержание сырого протеина (в пределах 18–20%) в сочетании с богатым составом аминокислот и омега-3 жирных кислот и энергией (9,9–10,8 МДж в сухом веществе), а также высокое содержание макро- и микроэлементов. В статье проведён обзор научных исследований по оценке питательности люцерны в зависимости от фазы роста, установлено увеличение содержания НДК и КДК в период от бутонизации до полного цветения, снижение содержания протеина, водорастворимых углеводов и переваримости органического вещества. В настоящем обзоре представлены сведения о содержании питательных веществ в листьях и стеблях и отмечены различия в зависимости от сорта растения. Результаты исследований питательной ценности различных сортов люцерны в России, Турции, Польше, Болгарии и Эфиопии показали высокую вариабельность по содержанию сырого протеина, НДК, КДК, сырой золы, сырого жира и переваримости сухого вещества. This paper reports on the biology of alfalfa genotypes at different growth stages described by domestic and foreign literature. Alfalfa has a good potential as a source of high-protein and high-energy feed. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is widely cultivated for forage all over the world. This crop has high productivity and is rich in protein, vitamins and mineral elements. In Russia alfalfa fields occupy 2.3–2.5 million ha. Alfalfa is one of the most important crops in the Central and Volga regions. It exceeds most legumes and gramineous in nutritional value and is extensively used for green forage, hay, haylage and silage production. Alfalfa has high concentration of crude protein (18–20%), energy (9.9–10.8 MJ in dry matter), amino acids and omega-3 fatty acids as well as macro- and microelements. The article reviews alfalfa nutritional value as affected by growth stage. Contents of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) increases at budding-flowering period while concentrations of protein and water-soluble carbohydrates drops together with organic matter digestibility. This review provides information on leaf and stem nutrients effected by genotype. According to experiments conducted in Russia, Turkey, Poland, Bulgaria and Ethiopia alfalfa genotypes vary significantly in crude protein, NDF, ADF, crude ash, crude fat and dry matter digestibility.

scholarly journals Content of nutrients and energy in pasture vegetation and their apparent digestibility in Old Kladruber horses

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Eva Straková ◽  
Pavel Suchý
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Pure Protein ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

This study focuses on the determination of apparent digestibility of pasture vegetation nutrients in horses of the Old Kladruber breed through a balance indicator method (determination of acid insoluble ash). When evaluating the nitrogenous substances, their determination was based on the content of pure protein (sum of amino acids) which is more accurate than crude protein. There were differences in the chemical composition of dry matter from pasture vegetation and horse excrements. Regarding crude fat, crude fibre, acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin, ash, P and Mg, the average values in dry matter of horse excrements were significantly (P≤ 0.01) higher; on the contrary, we found significantly (P≤ 0.01) lower mean values of nitrogen-free extract, organic matter and Ca ​​in the dry mass of pasture grass. The highest coefficient of apparent digestibility for organic nutrients was determined in the nitrogen-free extract (73%) followed with organic matter (71%), pure protein (68%), crude protein (65%) and crude fat (61%). In case of fibre and its fractions, the apparent digestibility coefficients decreased as follows: crude fibre (66%), neutral detergent fibre (66%), acid detergent fibre (63%) and acid detergent lignin (42%). Significantly lower values were determined for coefficients of apparent digestibility for minerals P (16%) and Mg (50%), which highlights the need for their regular supplementation in horses on pasture. This study extends the current state of knowledge regarding the apparent digestibility of pasture vegetation which is a prerequisite for optimal nutrition of horses.

Magnetized carrier as novel drug delivery system

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawed Akhtar ◽  
Rajeev Chaturvedi ◽  
Jyoti Sharma ◽  
Deepak Mittal ◽  
Pankaj Pardhan
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Mineral Profile ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Novel Drug

The aim of the present study was to determine the nutritional value of Phalaris minor seeds in comparison to conventional cereal grains. P. minor seeds had higher ether extract (6.3%), total ash (7.5%), acid insoluble ash (AIA, 4.5%), acid detergent fibre (ADF, 10.2%), cellulose (5.5%), acid detergent lignin (ADL, 2.0%), neutral detergent insoluble crude protein (NDICP, 4.0%) and acid detergent insoluble crude protein (ADICP, 2.7%) content in comparison to conventional cereal grains. The crude protein of P. minor seeds (12.3%) was similar to that of wheat (12.0%), but higher than other conventional cereal grains including maize (9.0%). The amino acid composition of P. minor seeds was more or less similar to conventional cereal grains. P. minor seeds had a superior mineral profile (Ca, P, Na, K, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) than conventional cereal grains. In vitro evaluation revealed that net gas production was lowest (P less than 0.05) in P. minor seeds (216.37 L/kg DM/24 h). The methane production (L/kg DM/24 h)from P. minor seeds (43.03)was lower (P less than 0.05) than that from wheat (54.33) and barley (57.35). The organic matter digestibility of P. minor seeds (83.27%) was similar to that of barley (81.69%).It was concluded that P. minor seeds could be considered as potential source of nutrients for livestock.

A note on forage evaluation for buffalo by various techniques

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-346
Author(s):  
J. Kishan ◽  
U. B. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Trifolium Alexandrinum ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Cellulose Digestibility

AbstractThe relative efficiency of voluntary consumption, chemical composition, digestibility in vitro and in vivo, was tested for predicting the nutritive value of five forages: berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum); green oat (Avena sativa); oat hay; cow pea (Vigna spp.) and maize (Zea mays). The digestibility coefficients of dry matter (DM), crude protein, acid-detergent lignin and energy were significantly correlated with DM intake. Digestibilities in vitro of DM and cellulose after 12-h incubation were significantly related to digestibilities in vivo of DM and energy. The values for cellulose digestibility in vitro at 24 h were similar to those for digestibility of energy in vivo. Significant correlations were obtained between the crude protein content of forages and the voluntary DM intake and digestibility of nutrients. Increased cellulose and acid-detergent fibre contents were each related with decreased DM intake and digestibility of nutrients.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Nutrient Composition, In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics, and In Situ Degradability of Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus cruentus, and Amaranthus hypochondriacus in Cattle

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Kim Margarette C. Nogoy ◽  
Jia Yu ◽  
Young Gyu Song ◽  
Shida Li ◽  
Jong-Wook Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Amaranthus Caudatus ◽  
Amaranthus Hypochondriacus

The amaranth plants showed high potential feed value as forage for ruminants. An in-depth study of this plant, particularly in cattle, will help extend its utilization as an alternative protein and fiber feed source in cattle feeding. In this study, the nutrient compositions of three different species of amaranth, Amaranthus caudatus L., Amaranthus cruentus L., and Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.—two varieties for each species, A.ca 74, A.ca 91, A.cu 62, A.cu 66, A. hy 30, and A. hy 48—were evaluated. The in vitro technique was used to evaluate the fermentation characteristics such as total gas production, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, pH, and ammonia concentration of the rumen fluid. Moreover, the effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM) and crude protein (EDCP) of the amaranth forages were determined through in situ bag technique. The amaranth forages: A. caudatus, A. cruentus, and A. hypochondriacus showed better nutritive value than the locally produced forages in Chungcheong province of Korea. The CP of the amaranth ranged from 11.95% to 14.19%, and the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents ranged from 45.53% to 70.88% and 34.17% to 49.83%, respectively. Among the amaranth varieties, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the most excellent ruminant feed nutrient quality (CP, 14.19%; NDF, 45.53%; and ADF, 34.17%). The effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM; 33–56%) and crude protein EDCP (27–59%) of the amaranth were lower compared to other studies, which could be due to the maturity stage at which the forages were harvested. Nonetheless, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the highest EDDM (56.73%) and EDCP (59.09%). The different amaranth species did not differ greatly in terms of total VFA concentration or molar proportions, total gas production, or ammonia-N concentration. The high nutrient composition, and highly effective degradability of dry matter and crude protein, coupled with the favorable fermentation characteristics, suggest that the amaranth forages showed good to excellent feed quality for cattle.

scholarly journals Glycerol inclusion levels in corn and sunflower silages

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana de Souza Martins ◽  
Juliane Ribeiro de Oliveira ◽  
Marili Lopes Lederer ◽  
José Luís Moletta ◽  
Shivelly Los Galetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Four Levels

Due to the seasonal cycle of forage, the use of silage to feed animals provides nutrients throughout the year. However, its quality can be improved with the inclusion of additives and other products. Glycerol is a rich source of energy and present a high efficiency of utilization by animals. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of glycerol inclusion on the chemical and fermentation characteristics of corn and sunflower silages. Two silage sources (maize and sunflower) were used and four levels of glycerol inclusion (0, 15, 30 and 45%) based on dry matter were carried out. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement with five replications. The pH values and chemical composition of corn and sunflower silages were determined. In both silages there was increment of dry matter, non-fiber carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients (TDN) added to a reduction of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber due to the glycerol inclusion. The corn silage required 45% glycerol to achieve the TDN level of the sunflower silage. The glycerol addition contributed to the increase in the nutritional value, offsetting loss of quality in the ensiling process.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document