scholarly journals Microbial transformation of citral by Aspergillus niger-PTCC 5011 and study of the pathways involved

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 610-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Esmaeili ◽  
S. Rohany ◽  
S. Safaiyan ◽  
Z.S. Amir
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Microbial Transformation ◽  
Free Cell ◽  
Cell Method ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Commercial Applications

Citronellol and hydroxy citronellal are fragrance ingredients used in decorative cosmetics and fine fragrances. They have many applications in flavourings, extracts, foods, and drugs manufacturing. Their use worldwide is in the range exceeding 1000 metric tons per annum. Previous studies investigated the biotransformation of citral by the free cell method and immobilised cell method with Saccharomyces cerevisae. In this research, the microbial transformation of citral by the sporulated surface cultures method with Aspergillus niger-PTCC 5011 was studied. In experiments, A. niger was inoculated on solid media in conical flasks. The transformation took place for the periods of time of 6 days and 15 days. The results were analysed by the theoretical study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The major compounds produced in 6 days were acetone (26.2%) and hydroxy citronellal (37.0%), while the major compounds after the 15-day period were acetone (15.0%) and citronellol (36.0%). As citronellol has numerous commercial applications, the 15-day biotransformation period was found to be preferable.

scholarly journals Extraction and Characterization of Sugarcane Peel Wax

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mangesh B. Inarkar ◽  
S. S. Lele
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Sugarcane peel is an agrowaste product and contains considerable amount of wax. This has a good technoeconomic potential. In view of this, the present study aims at extraction and characterization of wax from sugarcane peel. The yield of crude wax was 0.95% on dry weight basis. During Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) prominent peaks obtained at 2921.73 and 2851.64 (–CH), 1463.44 (–CH2), 1376.96 (–CH3), 1108.4 and 1170.16 (–C–O) 3395.60 (–OH), 1710.25 (–CHO), and 1736.63 (–COOH) indicate presence of alkanes, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids, respectively. Alcohol and hydrocarbon fractions were also found by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Melting point of crude wax was observed to be 62.1°C. Molecular weight of wax was estimated to be 1706 Dalton. Composition of crude wax found using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) was alkanes (28.83%), ester (66.26%), fatty acids (4.58%), aldehyde (0.11%), and alcohol (0.22%).

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITIES OF SOME NEWLY SYNTHESIZED TRIAZOLES

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Jeetendra Kumar Gupta ◽  
Pradeep Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Secondary Amines ◽  
Chloroacetyl Chloride ◽  
Comparable Activity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy

Objective: The objective of this work is to synthesize and evaluate some novel 1,2,4-triazoles.Methods: Procedure includes synthesis of triazole compounds followed by biological evaluations. The synthesis was carried out in six steps withp-bromobenzoic acid as starting material and converting to ester and then to hydrazide. Hydrazide was then converted to 4-amino triazole. Theamino triazole was then linked to different secondary amines using chloroacetyl chloride as the linking agent. All the synthesized compounds werecharacterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Further,the compounds were taken out for biological evaluations. To explore their effects, experiments were conducted on various micro- as well as macroorganisms.The toxicityprofilewasalso testedin accordancewith OECD 425 guideline on Wistar albino rats.Results: The compounds were examined for antibacterial as well as antifungal activities. Among the all compound T71, T73, and T75 exhibitedantibacterial activity, and compound T71 showed antifungal activity as well. The evaluation was also carried out for anthelmintic activities. Thecompounds were treated on Pheretima posthuma at various concentrations to explore their vermifuge and vermicidal action. The triazole linked with1-methylpiperazine was found to have comparable activity to that of reference standards.Conclusion: Triazoles are a most potent assemblage of fungal retardants. But depending on their substituents, they also have diverse pharmacologicalvalues. In this study, the compound T71 showed promising antimicrobial as well as anthelmintic action. Hence, it can be considered as a lead compoundfor further researches.

Componential Analysis of Esterified Bio-Oil Prepared from Pyrolysis of Rice Stalk

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 130-133
Author(s):  
Yao Lu ◽  
Zhi Min Zong ◽  
Fang Jing Liu ◽  
Shou Ze Wang ◽  
Yu Qing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Componential Analysis ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy

Bio-oil, with high oxygen-containing character, which was prepared from flash pyrolysis of rice stalk powders, was upgraded by the method of catalytic esterification with methanol. The esterified oil was distilled stepwise from 60 °C to 105 °C, and the fractions were analyzed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) for the distribution of species. It was found that 58% of the components were detected in the fraction of 60 °C-80 °C, with 1,1-dimethoxypropan-2-one was the most abundant species. The residue, in which the boiling point of species were higher than 105 °C were resolved in acetone, and also analyzed with GC/MS. The results showed that phenols are the most abundant species, and following the ketones and hydrocarbons.

scholarly journals Microbial transformation of citral by Penicillium sp..

1970 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akbar Esmaeili ◽  
Afsaneh Tavassoli
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Microbial Transformation ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Biotransformation Products ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Phytopathogenic Microorganisms

Thymol is present in the essential oils from herbs and spices, such as thyme. It is produced by these plant species as a chemical defense against phytopathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, this compound has attracted great attention in food industry, i.e., it has been used as a natural preservative in foods such as cheese to prevent fungal growth. Previous studies concerning the biotransformation of nerol by Penicillium sp. and microbial transformation of citral by sporulated surface cultures method (SSCM) of Penicillium digitatum have been reported. The objective of this research was to study the pathway involved during biotransformation of citral by Penicillium sp. using two methods. The culture preparation was done using different microbial methods and incubation periods to obtain Penicillium for citral biotransformation. The biotransformation products were identified by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). A comparison of the two methods showed that SSCM was more effective, its major products were thymol (21.5 %), geranial (18.6 %) and nerol (13.7 %). LM produced only one compound — thymol — with a low efficiency.

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