scholarly journals Growth of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karsten) from artificial and natural regeneration in the Krkonoše Mts. and air temperature variability

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 150-158
Author(s):  
K. Matějka ◽  
J. Leugner
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Tree Layer ◽  
Original Tree ◽  
Altitudinal Zone ◽  
Artificial Origin

Our research was concerned with a description of the influence of variability in average temperatures on the height growth of selected young populations of spruce in the Krkono&scaron;e Mts. Several populations of spruce were evaluated while the majority of them originated by natural regeneration on plots under disturbance of the original tree layer. In addition, several planted spruce populations in similar environmental conditions were also evaluated. The main questions of this study are as follows: is there a difference in height growth between populations of natural and artificial origin? Is it possible to find a relationship between height growth and climate feature during the last several years? The growth of young spruce populations that originated by natural regeneration was different from the growth of the planted populations. The average air temperature in the growing period, estimated as average temperature during the months of May to August, was proved to have a significant influence on year-on-year variability in spruce growth. Based on this finding, it was possible to estimate an increase in the height increment of young spruce caused by warming up since the mid-70s of the 20<sup>th</sup> century to equal approximately 16% per decade in the spruce altitudinal zone in the Krkono&scaron;e Mts. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Development and dynamics of mountain spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karsten) stand regeneration

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Malík ◽  
J. Remeš ◽  
S. Vacek ◽  
V. Štícha
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
National Park ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tree Layer

We summarized development and dynamics of natural regeneration in mountain spruce forests in areas affected by bark beetle gradation in the &Scaron;umava National Park. Detailed measurements of the regeneration were carried out using Field-Map technology (www.fieldmap.com) on ten permanent research plots. Research plots included the forests with decaying tree layer, stands in partial decline and stands with a generally healthy, or only partially damaged tree layer. Differences in rates of regeneration are very significant between the particular types of plots, especially in the youngest age class. Differences are also evident in the seedling height under varying treatments. The highest numbers of recruits (9,880 per ha) were found under intact overstorey canopies, while the fastest height growth occurred on clearcuts. This study also investigated and evaluated artificial regeneration done in the past. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Development of the spruce natural regeneration on mountain sites in the Šumava Mts.

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 446-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ulbrichová ◽  
J. Remeš ◽  
D. Zahradník
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Litter Cover ◽  
Tree Layer

The aim of this study was the evaluation of the spruce natural regeneration growth and development in Modrava and Plech&yacute; areas, which represent the first and late bark beetle attack areas. Study was done on 13 permanent research plots, partly with vital tree layer and canopy cover and partly characteristic by open or none canopy, due to bark beetle attack. Actually amount of this regeneration is sufficient (average over 12,000 pcs/ha in the living stands and almost half of this amount in the declined stands) on the both types of plots. Faster growth is usually on the declined plots, with saplings larger amount and height increments, in the higher height classes. Particular interest was aimed to the microhabitat conditions, especially herbal cover influence. There were statistically important differences in the amounts and height growth of the first height class on the different microhabitats. As the most sufficient for the seedlings occurrence appeared to be the dead wood and the least suitable were fern and grasses. For the height growth the least suitable was vital tree foot with litter cover. The results indicate, that declined stands, without vital mature trees and without seed source, will likely develop into more or less even-aged forest.

Gain efficiency in short-term testing: experimental results

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bailian Li ◽  
Claire G. Williams ◽  
W.C. Carlson ◽  
Constance A. Harrington ◽  
C.C. Lambeth
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Genetic Test ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Short Term Test ◽  
Test Treatments ◽  
Summer Growth ◽  
Test Regime

Height growth of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) was measured in trees subjected to one of five irrigation and fertilization regimes in a closely spaced genetic test for 3 years. Shoot components of 3rd-year annual height increment were measured over two contrasting treatments. Juvenile height and number of stem units in summer growth length in the fully irrigated and fertilized short-term test regime exhibited (i) the highest juvenile-mature correlations (family mean correlation = 0.41–0.68), (ii) high individual-tree heritabilities (0.38–0.44), which were two- to three-fold higher than older tree values in a conventional genetic test of the same families, (iii) high genetic stability across two extreme short-term test treatments (genetic correlation = 0.61–0.80), and (iv) an efficiency in genetic gain per generation of 81–87% relative to selection on height at age 8 years.

THE RELATION OF BARK MOISTURE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF CANKER DISEASES CAUSED BY NATIVE, FACULTATIVE PARASITES: 2. FUSARIUM CANKER ON BLACK COTTONWOOD

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 781-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Bier
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Black Cottonwood ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Fusarium Lateritium ◽  
Dormant Season ◽  
Canker Development

A close correlation was found to exist between the development of a bark canker in nursery-grown Populus trichocarpa Torrey and Gray, caused by Fusarium lateritium Nees., and the moisture content of the living bark. When bark moisture was expressed as a percentage of the amount of water required to saturate the sample under experimental conditions, relative turgidities of 80% or more inhibited canker development which, however, occurred normally at lower percentages. Studies of the epidemiology of Fusarium canker in the nursery afforded evidence in support of the limiting effect of bark moisture on canker development. Thus during the dormant season of 1957–58, the monthly average temperature was higher than the minimum temperature for the growth of F. lateritium on potato dextrose agar, and the relative turgidity did not reach the inhibiting value of 80%. Cankers continued to develop throughout this period. During the growing season while temperatures were still more favorable for fungus development, no extension of cankers occurred in the nursery trees, apparently because, during the growing period, the relative turgidity was in excess of 80%. Canker development was prevented during the winter by placing dormant cuttings in water, which likewise increased the moisture content of the bark above the 80% level.During the dormant season the bark of field-grown black cottonwoods maintained relative turgidity values of approximately 80% or higher and the disease could not be found on these trees.

scholarly journals Microclimatic changes caused by different plastic coverings in greenhouses cultivated with cherry tomato in southern Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Ester Holcman ◽  
Paulo C. Sentelhas ◽  
Simone da C. Mello
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Intense Solar Radiation

In regions with intense solar radiation it is common the use of aluminated covers in greenhouses, with the aim of reducing the inside temperature. However, the use of these covers reduces photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) transmitted into the greenhouse. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of different covers on microclimate in greenhouses cultivated with cherry tomato during three growing seasons. The environment I was covered with plastic film anti-UV and with thermo-reflective screen (40%) disposed internally. The environment II was covered with diffusive plastic film (55%). The transmitted solar radiation to the interior of covered environments was, on average, 5.5 MJ m-2 day-1 in the environment I and 8.2 MJ m-2 day-1 in environment II. The air temperature in environment II was, on average, 1°C higher than external conditions. The highest difference for the relative humidity (RH) was also observed between environment II and the outside conditions, with 10.7% for the minimum RH during the first growing period. Considering all growing periods, the diffusive plastic film provided higher solar energy availability inside the greenhouse than the plastic film with thermo-reflective screen, without causing major changes in air temperature and relative humidity, and promoting greater productivity of tomato grown under this environment for the three periods evaluated.

Modeling density-related Iodgepole pine height growth, using Czarnowski's stand dynamics theory

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 2499-2506 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J Cieszewski ◽  
I.E. Bella
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Stand Dynamics ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Variable Site

This paper presents a new density-dependent height-growth model for lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta var. latifolia Engelm.) in Alberta. It predicts stand top height growth as a function of present top height, breast height age, and density. The model is an extension of Czarnowski's stand dynamics theory, using an iterative height increment model with variable site and density components. Using 946 annual growth periods from permanent sample plots, the calibration shows a good fit and simulates reasonable values, even beyond the database.

scholarly journals Climatology of Air Temperature in Belterra: Thermal Regulation Ecosystem Services Provided by the Tapajós National Forest in the Amazon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucieta Guerreiro Martorano ◽  
Wanny Barbosa Soares ◽  
José Reinaldo da Silva Cabral de Moraes ◽  
Werlleson Nascimento ◽  
Lucas Eduardo de Oliveira Aparecido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Regulation ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Conservation Unit ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Thermal Regimes ◽  
Climatic Series

Abstract The Tapajós National Forest (Flona Tapajós) has been providing important ecosystem services to society since the creation of this Conservation Unit in the Amazon. This study analyzed two climatic series from Belterra to identify possible effects on the thermal regime in the municipality as a function of the proximity of the Flona Tapajós and the consolidated grain production center in western Pará. Two climatological normal datasets from the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) were analyzed (1961-1990 and 1981-2010). Analysis of variance was used to compare averages, extremes (minimums and maximums), and thermal amplitudes. Average temperature was 24.6 °C in the first semester (1961-1990) and 25.2 °C (1981-2010), with maximums of 29.4 °C and 29.9 °C, and minimums of 20.6 and 21.2 °C, respectively. There were no statistical differences in these comparisons. In the second semester the averages increased to 25.2 °C and 26.0 °C, and were statistically different, with maximums of 31.2 °C and 31.6 °C and minimums of 20.4 °C and 21.2 °C, indicating different thermal regimes during 1981-2010. Additionally, from October to December the nights were warmer. The Flona Tapajós may have experienced a reduction in provision of ecosystem services, and the increase in minimum temperatures could be associated with grain production activities in the region.

scholarly journals The Influence of Climate Change on the Environment of the Mirzachul Natural Territory

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Meliboy Normatovich Kamolov ◽  
◽  
Sunnatillo Ibragimov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Natural Region ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Natural Territory

This article discusses the impact of climate and its components on environmental landscapes in the Mirzachul natural region. Due to this, in December and January the air temperature decreased to -340S (Mirzachul), -320S (Nurata, Jizzakh), -290 C (Forish). However, the average temperature in January is not lower than -0.10S (Forish), -0.60S (Jizzakh), -1.60S (Nurota).

scholarly journals CLASSIFICAÇÃO CLIMÁTICA PARA OS MUNICÍPIOS DE BOTUCATU E SÃO MANUEL, SP

Irriga ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Ribeiro da Cunha ◽  
Dinival Martins
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Climatic Classification ◽  
Humidity Index

CLASSIFICAÇÃO CLIMÁTICA PARA OS MUNICÍPIOS DE BOTUCATU E SÃO MANUEL, SP  Antonio Ribeiro da Cunha; Dinival Martins1 Departamento Recursos Naturais - Ciências Ambientais, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, [email protected]  1 RESUMO A classificação climática procura definir os limites geográficos dos diferentes tipos de clima que ocorrem em todo mundo, sendo considerado um estudo básico para áreas afins. Este trabalho teve como objetivo classificar climaticamente os municípios Botucatu (Fazenda Experimental do Lageado) e de São Manuel (Fazenda Experimental de São Manuel) ambas da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, SP. Para tanto, utilizou-se das metodologias de Köppen e de Thornthwaite em dados normais de temperatura do ar e precipitação pluviométrica no período de 36 anos (1971 a2006). Os municípios de Botucatu e de São Manuel tiveram a mesma classificação climática pelo método de Köppen, como sendo Cfa, clima temperado quente (mesotérmico) úmido, e a temperatura média do mês mais quente é superior a 22 ºC. Pela classificação de Thornthwaite houve uma pequena diferença em função do índice de umidade, caracterizando como B2rB’3a’ (clima úmido com pequena deficiência hídrica - abril, julho e agosto, mesotérmico, com evapotranspiração potencial anual de 945,15 mm e concentração da evapotranspiração potencial no verão igual a 33%) o município de Botucatu, e como B1rB’3a’ (clima úmido com pequena deficiência hídrica - abril, julho e agosto, mesotérmico, com evapotranspiração potencial anual de994,21 mm e concentração da evapotranspiração potencial no verão igual a 33%) o município de São Manuel. UNITERMOS: temperatura do ar, precipitação, evapotranspiração, método de Köppen, método de Thornthwaite.  CUNHA, A. R.; MARTINS, D. CLIMATIC CLASSIFICATION FOR THE DISTRICTS OF BOTUCATU AND SÃO MANUEL, SP  2 ABSTRACT Climatic classification defines the geographical limits of different climate types all over the world, and it is considered essential to study similar areas. This work updates the climatic classification of the municipal districts of Botucatu and of São Manuel, State of Sao Paulo, where the experimental farms of the Schools of Agronomical Sciences - UNESP, Campus of Botucatu, State of São Paulo, are located. Köppen’s and Thornthwaite’s methods were used for the air temperature and precipitation data in a 36-year period (from 1971 to 2006). For both municipal districts of Botucatu and São Manuel, the climate was characterized as being Cfa, hot climate with rains in the summer and drought in the winter, and the average temperature in the hottest month is above 22 ºC. According to Thornthwaite’s classification, there was a small difference due to the humidity index, characterized as B2rB'3a' (humid climate with small hydro deficiency - April, July and August, with annual potential evapotranspiration of 945.15 mm and concentration of the potential evapotranspiration in the summer of 33%) in the district of Botucatu, and as B1rB'3a' (humid climate with small hidric deficiency - April, July and August, with annual potential evapotranspiration of994.21 mm and concentration of the potential evapotranspiration in the summer of 33%)in  the district of São Manuel.  KEY WORDS: air temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration, Köppen method, Thornthwaite method.

scholarly journals Seedling growth, root development and nutrient use efficiency of Cypress clones in response to calcium fertilizer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Guoqing Jin ◽  
Zhichun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Fertile Soil ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Accumulation Efficiency ◽  
Infertile Soil

Abstract Background: Cypress (Cupressus funebris Endl.) is an important tree species in the subtropics of China, it is also a major tree species for afforestation and forest land restoration under infertile site conditions. Cypress is considered to be a calcicolous tree, whose there are growth and development can be promoted significantly by exchangeable Calcium (Ca2+) in the soil. However, most of the subtropical regions have infertile acidic soils, in which Ca2+ gradually becomes a limiting element for cypress growth. Results: In this study, different concentrations of Ca2+ fertilizer were added under fertile and infertile soil conditions. Cypress clones responded differently to Ca2+ addition in different soil conditions. In the infertile soil, the addition of 3 g•kg− 1 Ca2+ advanced and prolonged the fast-growing period of seedling height growth, increased plant height and dry biomass, promoted the development of fine roots ≤ 1.5 mm in diameter, and improved accumulation efficiencies of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and Ca by the roots in cypress clones; however, the addition of 6 g•kg− 1 Ca2+ inhibited height growth and root development of cypress. In the fertile soil, Ca2+ addition delayed and shortened the fast-growing period for cypress height growth, but plant height and dry biomass did not differ significantly between treatments; Ca2+ addition also inhibited the development of fine roots. The clone with fast height growth had a larger proportion of roots with a diameter ≤ 1.5 mm and achieved higher N accumulation efficiency, while Ca accumulation efficiency showed genotypic differences only in the fertile soil. Conclusions: An appropriate level of Ca2+ can be added to infertile soil to promote cypress seedling growth, and clones with fast height growth and developed fine roots can be selected for cultivation and promotion in the fertile soil without Ca2+ application.

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