scholarly journals Developmental patterns of FASN and LIPE mRNA expression in adipose tissue of growing Jinhua and Landrace gilts

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 557-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Miao ◽  
F. Zhu ◽  
H. Zhang ◽  
X. Chang ◽  
H. Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Similar Model ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Hormone Sensitive ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

The present study was aimed to investigate the developmental patterns of FASN (fatty acid synthase) and LIPE (lipase, hormone-sensitive) mRNA in adipose tissue in pigs of different breeds and the relation with carcass fat content. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was sampled and total RNA was extracted to determine FASN and LIPE mRNA levels by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that the FASN mRNA level increased with age (P < 0.05) and Jinhua gilts expressed higher FASN mRNA compared with Landrace gilts at 80 and 125 days of age (P < 0.05). In addition, Jinhua gilts expressed lower LIPE mRNA compared with Landrace gilts at 80 days of age (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the ratio of FASN/LIPE mRNA had a similar model in the two breeds, and was higher in Jinhua gilts than that in Landrace gilts at 80 and 125 days of age (P < 0.05). The FASN mRNA level was positively related to carcass fat content in Jinhua and Landrace gilts (r = 0.802, P = 0.01; r = 0.734, P = 0.02; respectively), and the ratio of FASN/LIPE expression exhibited significantly positively related carcass fat content (r = 0.804, P = 0.01; r = 0.749, P = 0.02; respectively).

scholarly journals Regulation of angiopoietin-like protein 4/fasting-induced adipose factor (Angptl4/FIAF) expression in mouse white adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 adipocytes

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Dutton ◽  
Paul Trayhurn
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Stimulation Of

Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (Angptl4)/FIAF (fasting-induced adipose factor) was first identified as a target for PPAR and to be strongly induced in white adipose tissue (WAT) by fasting. Here we have examined the regulation of the expression and release of this adipokine in mouse WAT and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Angptl4/FIAF expression was measured by RT-PCR and real-time PCR; plasma Angptl4/FIAF and release of the protein in cell culture was determined by western blotting. The Angptl4/FIAF gene was expressed in each of the major WAT depots of mice, the mRNA level in WAT being similar to the liver and much higher (>50-fold) than skeletal muscle. Fasting mice (18 h) resulted in a substantial increase in Angptl4/FIAF mRNA in liver and muscle (9·5- and 21-fold, respectively); however, there was no effect of fasting on Angptl4/FIAF mRNA in WAT and the plasma level of Angptl4/FIAF was unchanged. The Angptl4/FIAF gene was expressed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes before and after differentiation, the level increasing post-differentiation; Angptl4/FIAF was released into the culture medium. Insulin, leptin, dexamethasone, noradrenaline, TNFα and several IL (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18) had little effect on Angptl4/FIAF mRNA levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. However, a major stimulation of Angptl4/FIAF expression was observed with rosiglitazone and the inflammatory prostaglandins PGD2 and PGJ2. Angptl4/FIAF does not act as an adipose tissue signal of nutritional status, but is markedly induced by fasting in liver and skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals The effect of obesity, impaired carbohydrate metabolism and bariatric surgery on adiponectin and leptin mRNA levels in different adipose tissue depots

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 568-576
Author(s):  
L. B. Vasileva ◽  
M. S. Artemyeva ◽  
Yi. Ma ◽  
K. A. Kondratov ◽  
A. D. Anopova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Objective. To determine the effect of morbid obesity, impaired carbohydrate metabolism and bariatric surgery on adiponectin and leptin mRNA levels in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue.Design and methods. The study included 30 obese female patients. Eleven patients had co-existent impaired carbohydrate metabolism. The control group consisted of 10 healthy non-obese women. In all obese patients, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue samples were taken during bariatric surgery. In obese patients 1 year after the intervention and in control individuals subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were collected. The circulating levels of adiponectin and leptin were determined by the enzyme immunoassay. The amount of adiponectin and leptin mRNA in adipose tissue were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results. During the first postoperative year, all patients showed a monotonous decrease in body mass index. After the surgery, the circulating levels of adiponectin and leptin returned to reference values (for healthy population). Compared with the control group, obese patients showed 1,4-times lower adiponectin mRNA level (p < 0,01) in subcutaneous adipose tissue, while leptin mRNA level did not change. In obese patients with impaired carbohydrate metabolism, the adiponectin mRNA level was twice lower in visceral adipose tissue (p < 0,01), compared to patients without impaired carbohydrate metabolism. In obese patients with and without impaired carbohydrate metabolism, mRNA levels of adipokines were more than 2-times lower in visceral adipose tissue compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue (p < 0,05). In subcutaneous adipose tissue, 1 year after bariatric intervention, adiponectin mRNA level decreases by 4,5 times (p < 0,01) in obese patients, and leptin mRNA level decreases by 3,1 times (p < 0,01) in patients with obesity and by 1,5 times (p < 0,05) in patients with obesity and impaired carbohydrate metabolism. Neither adiponectin nor leptin mRNA levels from adipose tissue of different localization showed statistically significant correlation. No correlation was found between the levels of circulating adipokines and their mRNA amount in adipose tissue.Conclusions. Our results indicate that adiponectin and leptin mRNA levels in adipose tissue cells depend on their localization in the body, as well as the presence of obesity and impaired carbohydrate metabolism. We also showed that adiponectin and leptin mRNA levels in adipose tissue change in response to bariatric surgery.

scholarly journals Increased Triacylglycerol Lipase Activity in Adipose Tissue of Lean and Obese Men During Endurance Exercise

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 (11) ◽  
pp. 3945-3952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoli Petridou ◽  
Athanasios Chatzinikolaou ◽  
Alexandra Avloniti ◽  
Athanasios Jamurtas ◽  
Gedeon Loules ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Hormone Sensitive Lipase ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acid ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Triacylglycerol Lipase ◽  
Hormone Sensitive ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Abstract Context Although there is increasing information on the mechanism of lipolysis in adipose tissue, the effect of exercise on individual factors of lipolysis is less well understood. Objective We compared changes in adipose-tissue triacylglycerol lipase activity and gene expression of adipose triacylglycerol lipase (ATGL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), monoacylglycerol lipase, perilipin 1, and comparative gene identification 58 (CGI-58) during exercise between lean and obese men. Design and Participants Seven lean and nine obese men cycled for 30 minutes at a heart rate of 130 to 140 beats per minute. At baseline and 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes of exercise, we sampled subcutaneous adipose tissue for triacylglycerol lipase activity and mRNA determination, and blood for glycerol, nonesterified fatty acid, glucose, lactate, insulin, and catecholamine determination. Setting The study was conducted at a university research unit. Results Triacylglycerol lipase activity increased at 10 minutes of exercise in the lean men and returned to baseline at 20 and 30 minutes. In the obese men, it was higher than baseline at 10, 20, and 30 minutes and higher than the corresponding values in the lean men at 20 and 30 minutes. No changes in mRNA levels were found during exercise, but the obese men had lower mRNA levels of ATGL, HSL, and CGI-58 compared with the lean men. Conclusion Our findings suggest different patterns of lipolytic stimulation during endurance exercise between lean and obese men. Differences in lipolytic rates seem to be due to differences in protein amount or activity, not mRNA levels.

scholarly journals Eicosapentaenoic Acid Increases Browning Markers in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue and Primary Adipocytes from Wild Type and UCP-1 Deficient Mice (P15-007-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shasika Jayarathne ◽  
Mandana Pahlavani ◽  
Latha Ramalingam ◽  
Shane Scoggin ◽  
Naima Moustaid-Moussa
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Abstract Objectives Brown adipose tissue (BAT) regulates energy balance through thermogenesis, in part via uncoupling protein -1 (UCP-1). White adipose tissue (WAT), namely subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) can convert to a beige/brite adipose tissue phenotype (browning) under thermogenic conditions such as cold. We previously reported that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) reduced obesity and glucose intolerance, and increased UCP-1 in BAT of B6 mice at ambient temperature (22°C); and these effects were attenuated at thermoneutral environment (28–30°C). We hypothesized that EPA exerts anti-obesity effects on SAT, including increased browning, adipocyte hypotrophy; and these effects require UCP-1. Methods Six-week-old B6 wild type (WT) and UCP-1 knock-out (KO) male mice were maintained at thermoneutral environment and fed high fat diet (HF) with or without 36 g/kg of AlaskOmega EPA-enriched fish oil (800 mg/g) for 14 weeks; and SAT was collected for histological, gene and protein analyses. SAT was also prepared from chow diet-fed WT and KO mice at ambient environment to prepare stroma vascular cells, which were differentiated into adipocytes, treated with 100uM EPA for 48 hours then harvested for mRNA and protein analyses. Results KO mice fed HF diets had the highest body weight (P < 0.05) among all groups. EPA reduced fat cell size in both WT and KO mice fed the EPA diet. mRNA levels of fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) were higher in SAT of WT mice fed EPA compared to WT mice fed HF (P < 0.05), with no differences between the KO genotype. KO mice fed HF diets had lower levels of UCP-3 in SAT compared to WT mice fed HF (P < 0.05), which was rescued only in the KO mice fed EPA (P < 0.05). UCP-1 protein levels were very low in SAT tissues, and UCP-2 mRNA levels were similar across all groups in SAT. Interestingly, EPA significantly (P < 0.05) increased mRNA expression of UCP-2, UCP-3 and FGF21 in differentiated SAT adipocytes from both WT and KO compared to control. Furthermore, UCP-1 mRNA levels were significantly higher in WT adipocytes treated with EPA, compared to non-treated cells (P < 0.05). Additional mechanistic studies are currently underway to further dissect adipose depot differences in EPA effects in WT vs. KO mice. Conclusions Our data suggest that EPA increases SAT browning, independently of UCP-1. Funding Sources NIH/NCCIH.

scholarly journals Effects of Physiological Hypercortisolemia on the Regulation of Lipolysis in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue1

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 626-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaswinder S. Samra ◽  
Mo L. Clark ◽  
Sandy M. Humphreys ◽  
Ian A. MacDonald ◽  
Peter A. Bannister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Sodium Succinate ◽  
Hormone Sensitive Lipase ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hormone Sensitive ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Cortisol is known to increase whole body lipolysis, yet chronic hypercortisolemia results in increased fat mass. The main aim of the study was to explain these two apparently opposed observations by examining the acute effects of hypercortisolemia on lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue and in the whole body. Six healthy subjects were studied on two occasions. On one occasion hydrocortisone sodium succinate was infused iv to induce hypercortisolemia (mean plasma cortisol concentrations, 1500 ± 100 vs. 335± 25 nmol/L; P &lt; 0.001); on the other occasion (control study) no intervention was made. Lipolysis in the sc adipose tissue of the anterior abdominal wall was studied by measurement of arterio-venous differences, and lipolysis in the whole body was studied by constant infusion of[ 1,2,3-2H5]glycerol for measurement of the systemic glycerol appearance rate. Hypercortisolemia led to significantly increased arterialized plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA; P &lt; 0.01) and blood glycerol concentrations (P &lt; 0.05), with an increase in systemic glycerol appearance (P &lt; 0.05). However, in sc abdominal adipose tissue, hypercortisolemia decreased veno-arterialized differences for NEFA (P &lt; 0.05) and reduced NEFA efflux (P &lt; 0.05). This reduction was attributable to decreased intracellular lipolysis (P &lt; 0.05), reflecting decreased hormone-sensitive lipase action in this adipose depot. Hypercortisolemia caused a reduction in arterialized plasma TAG concentrations (P &lt; 0.05), but without a significant change in the local extraction of TAG (presumed to reflect the action of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase). There was no significant difference in plasma insulin concentrations between the control and hypercortisolemia study. Site-specific regulation of the enzymes of intracellular lipolysis (hormone-sensitive lipase) and intravascular lipolysis (lipoprotein lipase) may explain the ability of acute cortisol treatment to increase systemic glycerol and NEFA appearance rates while chronically promoting net central fat deposition.

scholarly journals Exercise-induced changes in β-adrenergic-receptor mRNA level measured by competitive RT-PCR

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1926-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuharu Fujii ◽  
Takeshi Shibata ◽  
Sachiko Homma ◽  
Haruo Ikegami ◽  
Kazuo Murakami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Receptor Mrna ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Receptor Mrna Level

Fujii, Nobuharu, Takeshi Shibata, Sachiko Homma, Haruo Ikegami, Kazuo Murakami, and Hitoshi Miyazaki. Exercise-induced changes in β-adrenergic-receptor mRNA level measured by competitive RT-PCR. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(6): 1926–1931, 1997.—Competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was used to clarify whether dynamic exercise-induced increases in β-adrenergic-receptor (β-AR) number in human lymphocytes are accompanied by increases in the β-AR mRNA level. Sixteen healthy subjects performed cycle ergometry until exhaustion. Before and immediately after exercise, peripheral blood was drawn from a forearm vein for preparation of lymphocytes. Both the β-AR mRNA level and the β-AR number were significantly increased by exercise. The changes in β-AR mRNA level and β-AR number were significantly correlated ( r = 0.63, P < 0.01). This finding suggests that a rapid increase in β-AR mRNA level might be an early adaptive response of the sympathetic nervous system to dynamic exercise. In vitro incubation of lymphocytes with epinephrine had no effect on β-AR mRNA levels, nor did adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate, protein kinase C, or intracellular Ca2+ increase the β-AR mRNA level in vitro. Therefore, it appears that other mechanisms underlie the exercise-induced elevation of β-AR mRNA levels in human lymphocytes.

Increased hepatic lipogenesis but decreased expression of lipogenic gene in adipose tissue in human obesity

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (1) ◽  
pp. E46-E51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédérique Diraison ◽  
Eric Dusserre ◽  
Hubert Vidal ◽  
Monique Sothier ◽  
Michel Beylot
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Hepatic Lipogenesis ◽  
Deuterated Water ◽  
Human Obesity ◽  
Fas Mrna ◽  
Obese Subjects

To determine whether increased lipogenesis contributes to human obesity, we measured (postabsorptive state), in lean and obese subjects, lipid synthesis (deuterated water method) and the mRNA concentration (RT-competitive PCR) in subcutaneous adipose tissue of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c. Before energy restriction, obese subjects had an increased contribution of hepatic lipogenesis to the circulating triglyceride pool (14.5 ± 1.3 vs. 7.5 ± 1.9%, P < 0.01) without enhancement of cholesterol synthesis. This increased hepatic lipogenesis represented an excess of 2–5 g/day of triglycerides, which would represent 0.7–1.8 kg on a yearly basis. The lipogenic capacity of adipose tissue appeared, on the contrary, decreased with lower FAS mRNA levels ( P < 0.01) and a trend for decreased SREBP-1c mRNA ( P = 0.06). Energy restriction in obese patients decreased plama insulin ( P < 0.05) and leptin ( P < 0.05) and normalized hepatic lipogenesis. FAS mRNA levels were unchanged, whereas SREBP-1c increased. In conclusion, subjects with established obesity have an increased hepatic lipogenesis that could contribute to their excessive fat mass but no evidence for an increased lipogenic capacity of adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Gene expression of lipid storage-related enzymes in adipose tissue of the genetically obese Zucker rat. Co-ordinated increase in transcriptional activity and potentiation by hyperinsulinaemia

1992 ◽  
Vol 281 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Dugail ◽  
A Quignard-Boulangé ◽  
X Le Liepvre ◽  
B Ardouin ◽  
M Lavau
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Lipid Storage ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Transcription Rate ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Zucker Rat ◽  
Obese Zucker Rat ◽  
Obese Rats

The genetically obese Zucker rat displays excessive fat storage capacity which is due to a tissue-specific increase in the activities of a number of lipid storage-related enzymes in adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism responsible for this phenomenon. Lean (Fa/fa) and obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats were studied during the early stages of adipose tissue overdevelopment, both before (at 16 days of age) and after (at 30 days of age) the emergence of hyperinsulinaemia, in order to delineate the effects of the fatty genotype independently of those of hyperinsulinaemia. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and malic enzyme (ME) mRNA levels in the adipose tissue of lean and obese rats were assessed by Northern blot analysis, and the relative transcription rates of the corresponding genes were compared in the two genotypes by a nuclear run-on assay. In normoinsulinaemic 16-day-old pre-obese rats, mRNA levels were increased over control values (LPL, 5-fold; ME, 2-fold; GAPDH, 3-fold), in close correlation with genotype-mediated differences in enzyme activities. Stimulation of the transcription rates of the ME and GAPDH genes was observed in obese rats, which could fully account for differences in steady-state mRNA levels. At this age, GPDH activity, mRNA level and transcription rate were similar in the two genotypes. In hyperinsulinaemic 30-day-old obese rats, a 6-7-fold increase in both mRNA and the transcription rate of GPDH emerged, together with an amplification of the genotype-mediated differences observed in younger animals (GAPDH, 6-fold; ME, 7.9-fold; LPL, 10-fold). These results demonstrate that the obese genotype exerts a co-ordinated control on the expression of these genes in adipose tissue, mainly at the transcriptional level. This genotype effect is greatly amplified by the development of hyperinsulinaemia.

Fatty-acid synthase activity and mRNA level in hypertrophic type II cells from silica-treated rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (2) ◽  
pp. L128-L136
Author(s):  
J. Rami ◽  
W. Stenzel ◽  
S. M. Sasic ◽  
C. Puel-M'Rini ◽  
J. P. Besombes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Type Ii Cells ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Maximum Increase

Silica instillation causes a massive increase in lung surfactant. Two populations of type II pneumocytes can be isolated from rats administered silica by intratracheal injection: type IIA cells similar to type II cells from normal rats and type IIB cells, which are larger and contain elevated levels of surfactant protein A and phospholipid. Activities of choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase, a rate-regulatory enzyme in phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis, and fatty-acid synthase (FAS) are increased in type IIB cells isolated from rats 14 days after silica injection. In the present study, we examined the increase in FAS and cytidylyltransferase activities in type IIB cells as a function of time after silica administration. FAS activity increased rapidly, was approximately threefold elevated 1 day after silica administration and has reached close to the maximum increase by 3 days. Cytidylyltransferase activity was not increased on day 1, was significantly increased on day 3 but was not maximally increased until day 7. Inhibition of de novo fatty-acid biosynthesis, by in vivo injection of hydroxycitric acid and inclusion of agaric acid in the type II cell culture medium, abolished the increase in cytidylyltransferase activity on day 3 but not FAS and had no effect on activities of two other enzymes of phospholipid synthesis. FAS mRNA levels were not increased in type IIB cells isolated 1-14 days after silica injection. These data show that the increase in FAS activity in type IIB cells is an early response to silica, that it mediates the increase in cytidylyltransferase activity, and that it is not due to enhanced FAS gene expression.

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