scholarly journals Residual and cumulative effect of fertilizer zinc applied in wheat-cotton production system in an irrigated aridisol

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Abid ◽  
N. Ahmed ◽  
Qayyum MF ◽  
M. Shaaban ◽  
A. Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Repeated Use

The objectives of present study were to determine the residual and cumulative effects of zinc (Zn) fertilizer on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a silt loam Typic Haplocambid soil (&lt; 0.05 mg/kg diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-Zn). The study comprised of two years field experiments where first cotton crop received zinc sulphate (ZnSO<sub>4</sub>∙H<sub>2</sub>O) at five rates (0, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 kg Zn/ha) in a randomized complete block design with four replications. After harvest, each plot was divided into two sub-plots. To study the residual effect, one sub-plot of all plots did not receive Zn fertilizer for the subsequent crops; however, the other sub-plot received all Zn rates for 2005&ndash;06 wheat, 2006 cotton, and 2006&ndash;07 wheat. Fresh applied, residual as well as cumulative Zn application significantly (P &le; 0.05) increased crops production for both experimental years. Residual effect of 5.0 kg Zn/ha optimized the 2006 cotton yield; however, wheat productivity was optimized with residual effect of 7.5 kg Zn/ha in 2005&ndash;06 and of 10.0 kg Zn/ha in 2006&ndash;07. Optimum yield of both crops was attained with a lesser fresh-applied and residual Zn rate than cumulative Zn rate. Total Zn uptake by wheat (134.9&ndash;289.6 g/ha) was much greater than by cotton (92.3&ndash;192.5 g/ha). It is concluded that one application of 7.5 kg Zn/ha proved adequate for optimizing two cycles of the cotton-wheat production system. Two-year repeated use of 5.0&ndash;7.5 kg Zn/ha did not depress crop yields.

scholarly journals Comparison of Fish Pond Waste Water with Manures under Garden Egg in Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic J. Udoh ◽  
Otobong B. Iren ◽  
Jeremiah E. Jonathan
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Fish Pond ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Total N ◽  
Cropping Seasons

<p class="1Body">Two field experiments were conducted from 2012 to 2013 cropping seasons to evaluate the efficacy and also determine the optimum rates of application for fish pond waste water in comparison with three other manures including one inorganic fertilizer and two organic manures under garden egg (<em>Solanum spp.</em>) crop.Garden egg was fertilized with pond waste water (PW), poultry manure (PM), pig manure (PG) and NPK15:15:15 at equivalent nitrogen (N) rates (0, 150, 300, 450 kg/ha). The treatments were arranged in a split plot under randomized complete block design (RCBD).The results obtained indicated a slight drop in soil pH but soil OM, total N, available P, exchangeable Ca and K increased generally with increasing rates of manures. The PW and PG treatments supported significantly (P&lt;0.05) the highest yields of the crop compared to PM and NPK with the 150 and 300 kg/ha treatments recording the highest increase. These results have shown that under the high rainfall and acidic soil conditions of Akwa Ibom State in Nigeria, PW is useful for the improvement of soil conditions and achievement of higher crop yields when applied at rates that supply N in the range of 150 – 300 kg/ha.</p>

scholarly journals Molybdenum mixed with glyphosate and alone via foliar spray in no-tillage common bean grown on corn stover

Revista CERES ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Gessimar Nunes Camelo ◽  
Geraldo Antonio de Andrade Araújo ◽  
Renildes Lucio Ferreira Fontes ◽  
Luiz Antonio dos Santos Dias ◽  
José Eustáquio de Souza Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Mo Content

The effect of molybdenum (Mo) on common bean grown in desiccated corn stover in a no-tillage system was evaluated under two application modes: Mo mixed with the desiccant glyphosate and Mo direct spray to the bean leaves. The treatments (four replicates) were assigned to a completely randomized block design in a split-plot arrangement with the application of Mo (0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 g ha-1) mixed with glyphosate in the main plots and Mo foliar spray (0 and 100 g ha-1) in the sub-plots. The field experiments were carried out in 2009 and 2010 in the municipality of Coimbra, Minas Gerais State, with the common bean cultivar Ouro Vermelho. Mo mixed with glyphosate had neither an effect on common bean yield nor on the Mo and N contents in leaves, however it increased the Mo and N contents in seeds. Application of Mo via foliar spray increased Mo content in leaves and Mo and N contents in seeds. The reapplication of molybdenum with glyphosate for desiccation in subsequent crops caused a cumulative effect of Mo content in bean seeds.

Response of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] as Succeeding Crop to Residual Effect of Extreme Levels of Atrazine Administered in Preceding Maize (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bagwasi ◽  
C.R. Chinnamuthu ◽  
P. Murali Arthanari ◽  
P. Malarvizhi ◽  
C.N. Chandrasekhar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency

Background: Globally, grain legumes are the paramount family of agricultural crops following cereals. Generally, sequence cropping has manifested effectual in increasing farm productivity and profitability. However, sometimes herbicides administered in previous crop may be associated with phytotoxic effects that can later cause damage to the succeeding crops. The present study aimed to understand the residual effect of extreme levels of atrazine on succeeding cowpea under maize-cowpea cropping system. Methods: Field experiments were conducted during Kharif and rabi season of 2019-20 and 2020-21 in a randomized block design with eleven treatments, replicated thrice. Result: Residual effect of pre-emergence atrazine at 0.50 kg a.i. ha-1 followed by tembotrione at 120g a.i. ha-1 as post-emergence at 25 DAS recorded the lowest total weed density (4.41), total weed dry weight (9.81 g m-2) and highest weed control efficiency (39.25%) during rabi 2019-20 while during rabi 2020-21 lowest total weed density (5.03), total weed dry weight (10.68 g m-2) and highest weed control efficiency (39.65%) were noticed in pre-emergence atrazine 50% WP at 2.00 kg a.i. ha-1. Highest seed yield (788.67 and 842.33 kg ha-1) was obtained in weed free treatment.

scholarly journals Residual effect of imazapyr + imazapic on cotton grown in succession to soybean

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 400-405
Author(s):  
Samia R. de S. Ribeiro ◽  
Amanda dos S. Souza ◽  
Jéssica F. L. Leal ◽  
Junior Borella ◽  
André L. S. Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Carryover Effect ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Performance Indexes ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Shoot Mass

ABSTRACT The long residual period of pre-emergent herbicides can interfere with successor crops, causing a phenomenon named carryover. This study evaluated the residual effect of imazapyr + imazapic herbicides on cotton crop grown in succession to soybean. The experiment was conducted between September 2016 and March 2017, in a randomized block design with 4 replicates, where the treatments were four doses of imazapyr + imazapic, 75, 150, 225 and 300 g a.i. ha-1, and the control. The analyzed variables were chlorophyll a fluorescence, shoot height, root length and volume, dry shoot mass and root dry mass. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey’s test, at p ≤ 0.05. The reduction in photosynthetic performance indexes for treatments of 150, 225 and 300 g a.i. ha-1 at 15 days after emergence (DAE) and of 75 g a.i ha-1 at 60 DAE indicated a photoinhibitory effect of these herbicides on plants. However, shoot height, length, volume and root dry mass were not affected in the treatments tested. Therefore, the persistence of the herbicide in the soil was not enough to characterize a carryover effect in cotton 135 days after application (DAA).

Etridiazole may conserve applied nitrogen and increase yield of irrigated cotton

Soil Research ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
IJ Rochester ◽  
H Gaynor ◽  
GA Constable ◽  
PG Saffigna
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Lint Yield ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
N Loss ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
Crop N Uptake ◽  
Crop Maturity

Recovery of applied N is often poor in irrigated cotton production in Australia, due to N loss through biological denitrification in the heavy clay soils. We envisaged that the N loss through denitrification could be reduced by limiting the soil nitrate concentration by applying a nitrification inhibitor with the fertilizer. We applied the nitrification inhibitor etridiazole in three field experiments in two cotton-growing seasons (1991-1993). The nitrification of ammonium-N applied as urea or anhydrous ammonia, the cotton crop N uptake and lint yield were monitored; recovery of 15N-labelled urea applied to microplots was assessed at crop maturity. In the first experiment, urea was applied at rates of 0 and 80 kg N ha-1 with etridiazole (applied as Terrazole EC). The recommended etridiazole rate (300 g ha-1) was compared with nil, half and double that rate. In the fertilized treatments where etridiazole was applied, nitrification of ammonium was retarded for more than 2 months, cotton crop N uptake was increased by 28% at maturity and lint yield increased by 18%, relative to the control. Etridiazole application had little effect on soil N concentrations, crop N uptake or lint yield in the unfertilized treatments. Fertilizer recovery was significantly improved from 35 to 50% with etridiazole application. The second experiment (in the following year) was conducted under commercial conditions. Etridiazole was applied with urea at 86, 119 and 154 kg N ha-1. As in Experiment 1, nitrification was delayed, crop N uptake was enhanced at crop maturity and lint yield was significantly increased by 46 kg ha-1 (3% greater than the control) with etridiazole application. In the third experiment, anhydrous ammonia was applied at rates from 0 to 175 kg N ha-1, with and without etridiazole. Recovery of 15N-labelled urea was not significantly altered by etridiazole application from the relatively high (69%) recovery in the control treatment. Maximum lint yield was 130 kg ha-1 (6.9%) higher in the etridiazole treatments, but required the application of additional N to achieve it. These experiments indicated that etridiazole was cost-effective in increasing lint yield of irrigated cotton and conserved applied N where substantial denitrification loss occurred.

scholarly journals New Formulation of Clethodim/Adjuvant at Control of Grass Weeds for Soybean Crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Alan Serafini Betto ◽  
Rafael Dysarz ◽  
Rafaela Cinelli ◽  
Rubens Antonio Polito ◽  
Tamara Heck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
High Control ◽  
New Formulation

The use of ACCase-inhibiting herbicides without the correct addition of an adjuvant is a major cause of inefficient poaceous weed control. As such, this study aimed to assess the efficiency of a new clethodim/adjuvant formulated mixture in postemergence weed control for soybean crops. Two field experiments were conducted in the 2015/16 and 2016/17 growing seasons. A randomized block design, consisting of ten treatments with four repetitions, was used. The treatments and doses were: clethodim (108 g a.i. ha-1) + Lanzar® (0.5%), clethodim (108 g a.i. ha-1) + Nimbus® (0.5%), clethodim/adjuvant formulation at doses of (84 g a.i. ha-1), (96 g a.i. ha-1), (108 g a.i. ha-1), (120 g a.i. ha-1), (132 g a.i. ha-1), and (144 g a.i. ha-1), and a control with and without weeding. The formulated clethodim/adjuvant mixture showed high control at 7 days after application (DAA) in the 2015/16 growing season. At 28 DAA, formulation doses of 108 g a.i. ha-1 and higher exhibited superior weed control and the highest crop yields. Therefore, the use of correct adjuvant or formulated mixture is essential to increase the efficiency of clethodim herbicide.

scholarly journals Effect of Cropping System and Nitrogen on Maize and Soy Bean Yields in Western Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
P. O. Mongare ◽  
J. R. Okalebo ◽  
C. O. Othieno ◽  
J. O. Ochuodho ◽  
R. Njoroge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Western Kenya

Inherent low soil fertility in the highly weathered and degraded soils largely accounts for low and unsustainable crop yields in most African countries (Okalebo et al., 2006; Sanchez et. al., 1997). Productivity of maize and soybeans in Kenya, particularly in the western region is generally low. The high costs of inorganic fertilizers and the possibility of decreasing soil productivity in due to soil mining and environmental pollution demands a reassement of their use, vis-a-vis, other alternative technologies. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of selected cropping systems, N fertilizer and manure on maize and soy bean crop yields in western Kenya (Bungoma, Vihiga, and Teso). The experiment was a split plot design arranged and laid down in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Cropping systems (mono cropping, MBILI and conventional) were the main factor while fertility interventions (FYM and CAN) were the treatments. The cropping systems consisted of conventional (Maize and soy beans were planted as intercrop in 37.5 cm alternating rows), MBILI (Managing Beneficial Interactions in Legume Intercrops), maize and soybean monocrop. Five fertilizer treatments were used: calcium ammonium nitrate and farm yard manure, both applied at the rate of 30 kg N ha-1 and 75 kg N ha-1, respectively, and absolute control that had no added treatment. Field experiments were planted during two cropping seasons of short rains season (August to December 2011) and one long rains season (April to August 2012) Generally, maize yields were found to be significantly higher in both the mono cropping system (mean yield: 2.00 t/ha) and MBILI system (mean yield: 1.77 t/ha) compared to conventional farming (mean yield: 1.27 t/ha). Soybean yields were found, overall, to be significantly higher in the mono cropping system (mean: 1.00t/ha) compared to both MBILI (mean: 0.75 t ha-1) and conventional system (mean: 0.59 t ha-1). For both maize and soy bean grain, application of CAN75N and planting with FYM75N were found to significantly increase yields, compared to either top dressing with CAN30N or planting with FYM30N. CAN generally produced higher yields with monocrop system whereas MBILI system did better when FYM is used, suggesting that an optimal system could consist of MBILI with organic fertilizers. The mean Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) values were always greater than 1.0 for intercropping and I.0 for mono cropping system. Manure was found to produce similar yields as those in fertilizer applications. This study recommends MBILI system and organic manure as a beneficial way of growing maize and soy beans

scholarly journals Intervention of Climate-Smart Practices in Wheat under Rice-Wheat Cropping System in Nepal

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Janma Jaya Gairhe ◽  
Mandeep Adhikari ◽  
Deepak Ghimire ◽  
Arun Khatri-Chhetri ◽  
Dinesh Panday
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Southern Plains ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Smart Agriculture

Besides a proper agronomic management followed by Nepalese farmers, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production has been severely affected by changing climate. There are many interventions, including climate-smart practices, to cope with this situation and possibly enhance crop and soil productivity. Field experiments were set up in a randomized complete block design with six treatments (TRT) with four replications in three locations (LOC) during wheat-growing seasons in Nepal from 2014 to 2016. Treatments included (i) Controlled Practice (CP), (ii) Improved Low (IL), (iii) Improved High (IH), (iv) Climate Smart Agriculture Low (CSAL), (v) Climate Smart Agriculture Medium (CSAM), and (vi) Climate Smart Agriculture High (CSAH), whereas those LOC were Banke, Rupandehi and Morang districts. There was a significant main effect of TRT and LOC on grain yield and a significant interactionn effect of TRT × LOC on biomass yield in 2014–2015. About 55.5% additional grain yield was produced from CSAM treatment compared to CP in 2014–2015. Among locations, grain yield was the highest in Banke (3772.35 kg ha−1) followed by Rupandehi (2504.47 kg ha−1) and Morang districts (2504.47 kg ha−1). In 2015–2016, there was a significant interaction effect of TRT × LOC on grain and biomass yields. The highest grain yield was produced from CSAH treatment in Banke district in 2015–2016. Overall, grain yield and other parameters showed a better response with either of the climate-smart interventions (mostly CSAH or CSAM) despite variability in geography, climate, and other environmental factors indicating the potential of climate-smart practices to improve wheat production in southern plains of Nepal.

Fertiliser evenness - losses and costs: A study on the economic benefits of uniform applications of fertiliser

1999 ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Horrell ◽  
A.K. Metherell ◽  
S. Ford ◽  
C. Doscher
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Spread Pattern ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
Seed Crops

Over two million tonnes of fertiliser are applied to New Zealand pastures and crops annually and there is an increasing desire by farmers to ensure that the best possible economic return is gained from this investment. Spreading distribution measurements undertaken by Lincoln Ventures Ltd (LVL) have identified large variations in the evenness of fertiliser application by spreading machines which could lead to a failure to achieve optimum potential in some crop yields and to significant associated economic losses. To quantify these losses, a study was undertaken to calculate the effect of uneven fertiliser application on crop yield. From LVL's spreader database, spread patterns from many machines were categorised by spread pattern type and by coefficient of variation (CV). These patterns were then used to calculate yield losses when they were combined with the response data from five representative cropping and pastoral situations. Nitrogen fertiliser on ryegrass seed crops shows significant production losses at a spread pattern CV between 30% and 40%. For P and S on pasture, the cumulative effect of uneven spreading accrues, until there is significant economic loss occurring by year 3 for both the Waikato dairy and Southland sheep and beef systems at CV values between 30% and 40%. For nitrogen on pasture, significant loss in a dairy system occurs at a CV of approximately 40% whereas for a sheep and beef system it is at a CV of 50%, where the financial return from nitrogen application has been calculated at the average gross revenue of the farming system. The conclusion of this study is that the current Spreadmark standards are a satisfactory basis for defining the evenness requirements of fertiliser applications in most circumstances. On the basis of Spreadmark testing to date, more than 50% of the national commercial spreading fleet fails to meet the standard for nitrogenous fertilisers and 40% fails to meet the standard for phosphatic fertilisers.Keywords: aerial spreading, crop response, economic loss, fertiliser, ground spreading, striping, uneven application, uneven spreading, yield loss

Bio-efficacy of post emergence herbicides in boro rice nursery as well as main field and their residual effects on non-target microorganisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-210
Author(s):  
Rajib Kundu ◽  
Mousumi Mondal ◽  
Sourav Garai ◽  
Ramyajit Mondal ◽  
Ratneswar Poddar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Main Field ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Similar Treatment

Field experiments were conducted at research farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal, India (22°97' N latitude and 88°44' E longitude, 9.75 m above mean sea level) under natural weed infestations in boro season rice (nursery bed as well as main field) during 2017-18 and 2018-19 to evaluate the herbicidal effects on weed floras, yield, non-target soil organisms to optimize the herbicide use for sustainable rice-production. Seven weed control treatments including three doses of bispyribac-sodium 10% SC (150,200, and 250 ml ha-1), two doses of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 9.3% EC (500 and 625 ml ha-1), one weed free and weedy check were laid out in a randomized complete block design, replicated thrice. Among the tested herbicides, bispyribac-sodium with its highest dose (250 ml ha-1) resulted in maximum weed control efficiency, treatment efficiency index and crop resistance index irrespective of weed species and dates of observation in both nursery as well as main field. Similar treatment also revealed maximum grain yield (5.20 t ha-1), which was 38.38% higher than control, closely followed by Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (625 ml ha-1) had high efficacy against grasses, sedge and broadleaf weed flora. Maximum net return (Rs. 48765 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (1.72) were obtained from the treatment which received bispyribac-sodium @ 250 ml ha-1. Based on overall performance, the bispyribac-sodium (250 ml ha-1) may be considered as the best herbicide treatment for weed management in transplanted rice as well as nursery bed.

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