scholarly journals A strategic look at global wheat production, productivity and R&D developments

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S6-S19 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.G. Pardey

The 20<sup>th</sup> century began with a rapid ramping up of national investments in and institutions engaged with research for food and agriculture. As the 21<sup>st</sup> century unfolds, the global science and agricultural development landscapes are changing in substantive ways, with important implications for the funding, conduct and institutional arrangements affecting research for food and agriculture. Wheat improvement research is part of this broader agricultural innovation landscape. While there is a general consensus that the present and prospective future of the agricultural sciences bears little resemblance to the situations that prevailed in the formative years of today&rsquo;s food and agricultural research policies and institutions, many of these changes are poorly understood or only beginning to play out. This paper reports on selected new and emerging empirical evidence to calibrate the strategic private and public choices being made regarding wheat research in particular and food and agricultural R&amp;D more generally.

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Fawzia Sulaiman

<p><strong>English<br /></strong>The slow process of technology transfer, which is suitable to the bio-physic and social economic of its intended users, has been realized as a serious impediment in the acceleration of agricultural development. In this decentralization era, the agricultural innovation transfer system becomes more complex that needs an adjustment to the changing strategic environment, which is specific to each respective regional area. The initiation of the Agency for Agricultural Research and Development in the establishment of the Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (AIAT) at the provincial level in 1994 intended to decentralize agricultural research and development. However after seven years of the AIAT establishment, the availability of specific agro-ecosystem technologies at the field level is still limited. The centralistic approach in the implementation of agricultural development in the last three decades and the weak linkage among institutions dealing with agricultural innovation transfer are considered to be the main impediments for an effective agricultural innovation transfer system. The implementation of decentralization policy in early 2001 has resulted in several fundamental changes in the organizational structure and management of government institutions dealing with agricultural innovation transfer. These changes have increased the ineffectiveness of extension organization and personnel. For this reason, deliberate efforts to strengthen the linkage among institutions that have extension function and the revitalization of extension organization and personnel, are badly needed, especially at the district level. The implementation of decentralization in agricultural development, including in agricultural innovation transfer, needs appropriate preparation and deliberate efforts from regional (provincial and district) administrators and central bureaucracies, whereas mutual support and reinforcement toward each other are the prerequisite to decentralization success. The purpose of this study was to identify the performance of agricultural innovation transfer system in the early implementation stage of the decentralization policy.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian<br /></strong>Proses alih inovasi pertanian yang sesuai dengan kondisi bio-fisik, sosial ekonomi petani dan budaya setempat yang masih berjalan lambat telah lama di sadari sebagai hambatan dalam upaya akselerasi pembangunan pertanian. Pada era desentralisasi, sistem alih inovasi pertanian menjadi lebih komplek dan perlu pendekatan yang disesuaikan dengan lingkungan strategis yang ada dan sangat bervariasi antar provinsi dan kabupaten. Pembentukan Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian di tingkat regional/ provinsi pada tahun 1994 merupakan realisasi kebijaksanaan desentralisasi/regionalisasi dan penelitian pengembangan pertanian yang diinisiasi oleh Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. Walaupun demikian, setelah lebih dari tujuh tahun didirikannya BPTP, ternyata ketersediaan teknologi tepat guna spesifik agroekosistem yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan petani masih terbatas. Lemahnya keterkaitan antarv berbagai lembaga yang mengemban fungsi alih inovasi pertanian, termasuk kelembagaan tani, serta pendekatan sentralistik di dalam pembangunan pertanian selama lebih dari tiga dekade dianggap sebagai faktor penghambat utama dari efektifitas sistem alih inovasi pertanian. Implementasi kebijaksanaan desentralisasi pada awal tahun 2001 telah mengakibatkan perubahan mendasar dari struktur organisasi dan manajemen institusi pemerintah yang mengemban fungsi penyuluhan pertanian. Perubahan dasar ini telah ,mengakibatkan kinerja dari sebagian besar organisasi dan personal penyuluh pertanian di tingkat provinsi dan kabupaten sangat menurun. Koordinasi yang efektif antar institusi yang mengemban fungsi penyuluhan, dan revitalisasi organisasi dan personal penyuluhan perlu memperoleh perhatian yang serius, terutama dari para penentu kebijaksanaan Pemerintah Daerah Tingkat II. Pada penerapan kebijaksanaan otonomi daera(OTDA) di dalam pembangunan pertanian, termasuk di dalam penyelenggaraan alih inovasi pertanian, diperlukan persiapan yang matang dan komitmen dari para penentu kebijaksanaan serta administrator di tingkat Daerah maupun Pusat. Penerapan kebijaksanaan desentralisasi, termasuk di dalam alih inovasi dan teknologi pertanian, akan berhasil bila ada upaya khusus untuk saling mendukung antar institusi terkait. Tujuan dari pengkajian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kinerja dari sistem alih iovasi pertanian pada awal penerapan kebijaksanaan desentralisasi.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6897
Author(s):  
Xiangping Jia

The global community faces the challenge of feeding a growing population with declining resources, making transformation to sustainable agriculture and food systems all the more imperative and ‘innovation’ all the more crucial. In this study, agro-food system innovation (re)defines sustainability transition with a complexity construct of cross-scale interaction and an adaptive cycle of system change. By taking a panarchical view, top-down and bottom-up pathways to innovation can be reconciled and are not contradictory, enabling and constraining innovation at every level. This study breaks down the structure of the agricultural innovation system into four components based on multi-level perspectives of sustainability transition, namely: actors and communities, interaction and intermediaries, coherence and connectedness and regimes rules and landscape. Meanwhile, this research frames the functional construct of system innovation for food and agriculture with five perspectives drawing on broad inputs from different schools of thought, namely: knowledge management, user sophistication, entrepreneurial activities’ directionality and reflexive evaluation. This research advocates for an ecosystem approach to agricultural innovation that gives full play to niche-regime interactions using social-technical perspectives.


2014 ◽  
Vol 998-999 ◽  
pp. 1642-1648
Author(s):  
Chun Mei Wang ◽  
Bao Feng Chen

Research achievements of the ASTP Policy-Oriented cannot generate directly economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit. It would realize benefit of ASTP only if the outputs can be transformed practical productive forces. In this paper, the mechanism and pathway of achieving benefit of ASTP is analyzed deeply based on the logical framework model. Then the empirical studies shows that the inputs (research investment) have positive correlation with outputs (research achievement), extension and outcomes (changes in productivity). Although the inputs have a certain influence to agricultural economics, it mainly affects indirectly agricultural development by research achievements and extension. Therefore, the benefits of ASTP should not be evaluated according by inputs/outputs methods. We must analyze and assess the anticipated chain of cause/effect relationships of ASTP based on the program “theory-driven” approach. It can promote agricultural research and extension projects to integrated closely, at the same time the benefit of ASTP can be improved greatly.


2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Grobler ◽  
Aden-Paul Flotman

Purpose: This is an era of unprecedented turbulence. The current coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) global pandemic testifies to this turmoil as, daily, the unknown dynamically unfolds. It is important during challenging times like these that leadership and organisational response enhance a shared positive vision for the future of humanity. This study aimed at determining the role played by servant leadership (SL) in promoting employee well-being, specifically, a positive future expectation in terms of hope and optimism (HO), as well as the impact that team-based learning (TBL) has on this relationship, and whether this is the same for both the private and public sectors.Design/methodology/approach: This study employed an empirical paradigm, using a cross-sectional design and quantitative analysis. The total sample consisted of 1560 participants, with 780 employed in the private and public sector, respectively.Findings/results: The results suggest that both SL and TBL have a significant impact on employees’ HO, with TBL being a mediating variable and with stronger relationships reported for the private sector. Technically, the TBL instrument employed was validated for South African use and the study included a statistical assessment of common method bias, which was found not to skew the results.Practical implications: This study provides further empirical evidence that SL is positively associated with HO. Secondly, the future-mindedness and future-orientation of HO could stimulate adaptive responses during this time of uncertainty and turmoil. Thus, HO, as potential resilience factors, could generate resilience by harnessing opportunities and setbacks both during the Covid-19 pandemic and in its aftermath.Originality/value: The practical value of this article is in the empirical evidence that both the leaders and the organisation have an impact on the employees’ wellness and positive work attitudes.


Author(s):  
Melek Yiğen ◽  
Murat Tekiner

The “Action Plan for the Water Use in Agriculture Activation Program” in the Tenth Five-Year Development Plan, prepared by The Ministry of Development for the period 2014-2018, is one of the most important indicators of the increasing importance of water resources and irrigation. It’s published according to Blaney-Criddle method with the data of the Crop Evapotranspiration Guideline in 1982, for a guide to be updated by General Directorate of Agricultural Research And Policies (TAGEM) and General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DSI) in 2013, using the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Penman Monteith method. While DSİ undertakes the calculation of reference plant water consumption (ET0), effective precipitation and irrigation water requirement of this update, TAGEM is responsible for the compilation of information obtained from irrigation researches, calculation of plant coefficient (kc) values, publication of guides in written and electronic media realized. In this study, five guides (Balıkesir, Çanakkale, Edirne, Kocaeli and Tekirdağ) in three different climatic regions (Akdeniz Ardı, Marmara and İç Geçit-Marmara) were used in this guide, which the two institutions jointly organize and update with intensive effort, TUIK 2012-2016 considering the data, the county made on the basis of agriculture and untreated plants, guide place whether to get cases examined, the importance and aspects to be developed contacts have tried to reveal.


2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
Vasily Nechaev ◽  
Alex Gaponenko

Abstract Authors of the analytical report «World Agriculture Towards 2030/2050» made conclusion that growing global demand for food cannot be satisfied if the agricultural production in the world does not increase by 60% for the next 40 years (Alexandratos and Bruinsma, 2012). This could be achieved only by increase the plants productivity, not at the expense of expansion farms land, because to 2050 area of world lands will grow on 5%. World population growth and reduction of the world area planted with wheat has alerted governments of G20, which adopted “The International Research Initiative for Wheat Improvement”. Wheat biotechnology rapidly evolves throughout the world. In 2009 three major wheat exporting countries have signed the declaration to speed up the commercialization of GM-wheat. In this article we evaluated the genetic engineering achievements, and their usage for increasing profitability of wheat.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Kruseman ◽  
Ahmad Dermawan ◽  
Mandiaye Diagne ◽  
Dolapo Enahoro ◽  
Aymen Frija ◽  
...  

Challenges related to poverty, hunger, nutrition, health, and the environment are widespread and urgent. One way to stress the urgency of making the right decisions about the future of the global food systems now is to better understand and more clearly articulate the alternative scenarios that food systems face. Developing, synthesizing, and presenting such alternatives to decision makers in a clear way is the ultimate goal of e CGIAR Foresight team.No single source of information focuses regularly and systematically on the future of food and agriculture, and challenges facing developing countries. Our work aims to fill that gap with a focus on agricultural income and employment.group systematically collects information about past, on-going and planned foresight activities across CGIAR centers and their partners, spanning the global agricultural research for development arenaWe present a comprehensive overview and synthesis of the results of relevant foresight research, which through the tagging with metadata allows for customized investigations in greater detail. The cross-cutting nature of this work allows for a more comprehensive picture and assessments of possible complementarities/trade-offs.Potential users of this report and associated activities include CGIAR science leaders and scientists as well as the broader research community, national and international development partners, national governments and research organizations, funders, and the private sector.The approach developed by the CGIAR foresight group is used to make foresight study results accessible across organizations and domains in order to aid policy and decision makers for strategic planning. The approach allows visualization of both the available information across multiple entry points as well as the identification of critical knowledge gaps.


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