scholarly journals Grain quality and yield of spring barley in field trials under variable growing conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Váňová ◽  
S. Palík ◽  
J. Hajšlová ◽  
I. Burešová
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Growing Conditions

Effects of the year, previous crop and control of leaf diseases on grain yield, test weight, protein and starch content, Fusarium head blight (FHB) and deoxynivalenol (DON) content in grain were investigated in four spring barley varieties. The trials were set up in 2001–2004 at Kroměříž (235 m above sea level, average annual temperature 8.7°C, annual precipitation sum 599 mm) in a five-course crop rotation, where spring barley followed the previous crops sugar beet, winter wheat, maize, and oilseed rape. The experimental years differed a lot in temperature and precipitation. The years 2001 and 2002 were dry and warm and grain yield was much lower as compared to that in the following years even though the other growing conditions were identical. The most stable quality parameters were obtained after the previous crop sugar beet. The average value of test weight was 661 g/l(ranging from 629 to 685 g/l), protein content 11.2% (10.3–11.7%) and starch content 61.5% (58.9–64.9%). Grain yield averaged 6.67 t/ha. Test weight after maize was on average 658 g/l(619–692 g/l), protein content 11.5% (10.1–12.4%), starch content 60.7% (59.2–63.8%), and grain yield 6.24 t/ha. Test weight and starch content were lower and protein content higher after oilseed rape and winter wheat. A higher FHB incidence and DON content were found after the previous crop maize. In 2001 and 2002 with strong water deficit during the growing seasons, more grains infected by Fusarium spp. were detected and DON content was higher too. The increase was due to a short rainy period at heading of spring barley. Problems of variable conditions for growing malting varieties of spring barley and current possibilities of producing both good grain yields and quality are discussed.

scholarly journals Grain yield response of some agronomy practices on contemporary common winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-314
Author(s):  
M. Nankova ◽  
A. Atanasov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Four Levels

Abstract. During 2014–2017, the influence of some main agronomy factors on the size of the resultant agronomic effect from their application to contemporary common winter wheat cultivars was investigated. The study was carried out in the experimental field (Haplic Chernozems soil type) of Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute – General Toshevo. The trial was designed by the split plot method, in four replications, on harvest area of 12m2. Cultivars Sadovo 1, Pryaspa, Kami, Kalina, Kiara, Kossara and Katarjina were grown after winter oilseed rape, spring pea, sunflower and grain maize at four levels of nutrition regime. The nutrition regime was differentiated depending on the previous crop. After spring pea, 30, 60 and 90 kg N/ha were used, and after the rest of the previous crops – 60, 120 and 180 kg N/ha. With the exception of the check variant all fertilizer variants were against background fertilization with 60 kg P2O5/ha and 60 kg K2O/ha. The positive reaction from the complex interaction of the tested agronomy factors was best expressed in 2015 – 2409.2 kg/ha, while during the extremely unfavorable year 2016, the effect was only 628.2 kg/ha. The independent and combined action of the mineral fertilization and the year conditions had determining influence on the size of the agronomic effect (AE). The positive effect from the mineral fertilization on the values of AE was accompanied by slight differentiation between the tested fertilization norms. Within this study, the highest mean value of AE was determined after fertilization with N180P60K60 – 2274.2 kg/ha. The variation in the mean size of AE depending on the type of previous crop was high – from 900.6 kg/ha (pea) to 2031.2 kg/ha (oilseed rape). The applied agronomy practices caused differentiation in the mean values of AE according to the type of cultivar. The cultivars Kiara (1796.1 kg/ha) and Kalina (1704.5 kg/ha) were with the highest size of AE. They exceeded the AE values of the two standard cultivars Sadovo 1 and Pryaspa by 30.26% and 23.62%, respectively. Averaged for the research, it was found that AE was in positive statistically significant correlation with grain yield and its physical properties.

Predicting grain yield and protein content in winter wheat and spring barley using repeated canopy reflectance measurements and partial least squares regression

2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. HANSEN ◽  
J. R. JØRGENSEN ◽  
A. THOMSEN
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares Regression ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Reflectance Measurements

By providing both spatial and temporal information remote sensing may function as an important source of data for site-specific crop management. This technology has been used for nitrogen application strategies to obtain optimum yield and grain quality. Here, the objective was to use early repeated remotely sensed multi-spectral data to predict grain yield and quality for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The crops were sown with two different seeding rates and a wide range of nitrogen strategies were applied. Multi-way partial least squares regression (N-PLS) was used to predict grain yield and protein content. The results were compared with unfold-PLS1 and PLS1 using reflectance data from the last measurement day. Both single reflectance wavelengths and selected vegetation indices were used simultaneously. The results reveal that all models can make a good prediction of yield in both crops with unfold-PLS1 and N-PLS as the best. However, estimation of grain protein content at harvest was very poorly determined in barley, as no relation between the reflectance measurements and barley protein content was obtained. The relation between reflectance measurements and protein content was slightly better in wheat, where especially N-PLS improved the prediction of grain protein content. The overall conclusion of the present experiments is that data from repeated measurements of reflectance used in multi-way partial least squares regression before heading improved the prediction of grain yield and protein content in wheat and barley.

Variation in harvest index of modern spring barley, oat and wheat cultivars adapted to northern growing conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. PELTONEN-SAINIO ◽  
S. MUURINEN ◽  
A. RAJALA ◽  
L. JAUHIAINEN
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Cereal Cultivars

SUMMARYIncreased harvest index (HI) has been one of the principal factors contributing to genetic yield improvements in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oat (Avena sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Although high HI demonstrates high-yielding ability when cultivars are compared, it can also indicate challenges to yield formation when comparisons are made across differing growing conditions. The present study was designed to investigate variation in HI among modern cereal cultivars relative to that brought about by a northern environment, to assess whether HI still explains the majority of the differences in grain yield when only modern cereal cultivars are compared, and to monitor key traits contributing to HI. Stability of HI was also investigated with reference to the role of tillers. Twelve experiments (3 years, two locations, two nitrogen fertilizer regimes) were carried out in southern Finland to evaluate 12 two-row spring barley, 10 six-row barley, 10 oat and 11 wheat cultivars. In addition to HI, days to heading and maturity, length of grain filling period, grain yield, test weight and 13 traits characterizing plant stand structure were measured and analysed with principal component analysis (PCA) to detect traits associated with HI and those contributing to stability of HI. Although only modern cereals were studied, differences among cultivars were significant both in mean HI and stability of HI, and HI was associated with short plant stature in all modern cereal species. Also, single grain weight was associated with HI in all species. Differences between, but not within, species in HI were partly attributable to differences in tiller performance. Grain yield was associated closely with HI except in two-row barley. It may be possible to further increase HI of wheat, as it still was relatively low. High HI did, however, not indicate the degree of success in yield determination when environments are compared.

Components of test weight of ten varieties of winter wheat grown with two rates of nitrogen fertilizer application

1975 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona M. Pushman ◽  
J. Bingham
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Flour Yield ◽  
Packing Efficiency ◽  
Xylene Separation

SUMMARYVarietal and environmental factors which influence test weight were investigated in a field trial with ten varieties of winter wheat and two rates of nitrogen fertilizer. Varietal differences in test weight were correlated positively with the protein content of the grain and inversely with grain yield but they were not related to 1000-grain weight or to flour yield. Variation in test weight associated with varietal and environmental effects in protein content was due to differences in the density of the grain, as measured by displacement of xylene. Separation into density grades within a sample by a flotation method showed a similar relationship with protein content. There were also varietal differences in packing efficiency of the grain. In the case of Maris Huntsman a poor packing efficiency was considered to stem from morphological features of the floret and developing grain which lead to characteristic transverse folds in the ventral surface of the mature grain. For wheat grown in the United Kingdom, test weight may provide a useful guide to flour yield for samples of one variety but it is likely to be misleading for comparisons between varieties.

scholarly journals Some correlations between parameters of winter wheat technological quality

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Jindřiška Kučerová
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Loaf Volume ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Baking Quality ◽  
Technological Quality

The results of three-year trials (1999 to 2001) conducted with six winter wheat varieties in which was studied the grain yield and parameters of technological quality. Varieties of wheat come from four different localities of the Czech Republic. The most favourable weather conditions, a lot of precipitation and high temperature in the course of ripening from three years were proved in the year 2000. The best grain yield were in 2001 (average of sites 8.84 t/ha) and variety Semper, worst quality, had the highest grain yield of 9.17 t/ha, the least grain yield had Sulamit, best quality (7.94 t/ha). The laboratory analysis revealed negative correlation between grain yield and baking quality. The number of statistically highly significant correlations among bread-making quality parameters too.The negative correlation was of grain yield and grain volume mass (P < 0.05), Zeleny test and protein content taken as a whole for three years (P < 0.01). The correlation of loaf volume, which is the traits of baking quality and Zeleny test (r = 0.6016**), protein content (r = 0.5932**), dough stability (r = 0.2898**) and flour water absorption (r = 0.3632**) was positive (P < 0.01).

Effect of Management Practices on Grain Yield, Test Weight, and Lodging of Soft Red Winter Wheat 1

1984 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Roth ◽  
H. G. Marshall ◽  
O. E. Hatley ◽  
R. R. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Yield Test ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

scholarly journals The plant nutrition impact on the quality and quantity parameters of maize hybrids grain yield based on different statistical methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-573
Author(s):  
Árpád Illés ◽  
S. M. Nasir Mousavi ◽  
Csaba Bojtor ◽  
Janos Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

AbstractIn recent years, producers of agricultural products have increased the use of chemical fertilizers per unit area. The goal of this research was to analyze the interaction of genotype in treatment (NPK fertilizer) on grain yield, protein content, oil content, and the starch content on 13 maize hybrids using analysis by the model of additive and multiplier effects AMMI and to evaluate genotypes, treatments, and their interactions using biplot in Hungary. Treatments include NPK0 (N: 0 kg/ha, P2O5:0 kg/ha, K2O: 0 kg/ha), NPK1 (N: 30 kg/ha, P2O5: 23 kg/ha, K2O: 27 kg/ha), NPK2 (N: 60 kg/ha, P2O5: 46 kg/ha, K2O: 54 kg/ha), NPK3 (N: 90 kg/ha, P2O5: 69 kg/ha, K2O: 81 kg/ha), NPK4 (N: 120 kg/ha, P2O5: 92 kg/ha, K2O: 108 kg/ha), NPK5 (N: 150 kg/ha, P2O5: 115 kg/ha, K2O: 135 kg/ha) in four replications based on complete randomized block design in 2019. The NPK fertilizer effects indicate that the fertilizers are different on yield genotype. AMMI analysis showed that there was a significant difference between genotypes, treatment, and the interaction effect of genotype * treatment at one percent. Besides, the maximum yield had Loupiac and NPK3 on grain yield, Loupiac and NPK2 on oil content, P0023, and NPK3 for starch content, DKC 3/ES4725 (DKC4725) and NPK3 for protein content. Also, GGE biplot analysis indicates that had maximum grain yield in Loupiac, protein content in P9978, oil content in MV Maronetta, and starch content in Sushi.

scholarly journals The content of Fusarium mycotoxins, grain yield and quality of winter wheat cultivars under organic and conventional cropping systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 395-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Váňová ◽  
K. Klem ◽  
P. Míša ◽  
P. Matušinsky ◽  
J. Hajšlová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Significant Difference

Nine cultivars of winter wheat were compared in organic and conventional crop rotation systems. Bread-making quality was evaluated using three parameters [thousand-kernel weight (TKW) in g, volume weight in g/l, protein content in %]. Grain yield, TKW and protein content of winter wheat in organic cropping system were significantly lower as compared to any intensity in conventional cropping system. However, clover as a preceding crop to winter wheat in organic crop rotation ensured a sufficient amount of nitrogen for grain yield, which was 6.72 t/ha on average of the three years. The requirement of the Czech national standard for bread wheat minimum value of protein content (11.5%) was met in conventional crop rotation in all cases. Average value of protein content in organic crop rotation met this limit too, but it was below the required value in two cases. The required value (760 g/l) of volume weight was met in majority of cases in organic crop rotation. The following species of the genus <I>Fusarium were</I> found: <I>F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. poae</I> and <I>F. avenaceum</I>. All samples were screened for the content of deoxynivalenol (DON). There was no significant difference in the DON content between winter wheat grain from organic crop rotation and conventional crop rotation at high intensity.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Effects of Fusarium Head Blight on Grain Yield and Test Weight in Soft Red Winter Wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge David Salgado ◽  
Laurence V. Madden ◽  
Pierce A. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by the fungus Fusarium graminearum, is known to negatively affect wheat grain yield (YLD) and test weight (TW). However, very little emphasis has been placed on formally quantifying FHB–YLD and FHB–TW relationships. Field plots of three soft red winter wheat cultivars—‘Cooper’ (susceptible to FHB), ‘Hopewell’ (susceptible), and ‘Truman’ (moderately resistant)—were grown during the 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012 seasons, and spray inoculated with spore suspensions of F. graminearum and Parastagonospora nodorum to generate a range of FHB and Stagonospora leaf blotch (SLB) levels. FHB index (IND) and SLB were quantified as percent diseased spike and flag leaf area, respectively, and YLD (kg ha−1) and TW (kg m−3) data were collected. Using IND as a continuous covariate and cultivar (CV) and SLB as categorical fixed effects, linear mixed-model regression analyses (LMMR) were used to model the IND–YLD and IND–TW relationship and to determine whether these relationships were influenced by CV and SLB. The final models fitted to the data were of the generic form y = a + b (IND), where a (intercept) or b (slope) could also depend on other factors. LMMR analyses were also used to estimate a and b by combining the studies from these 4 years with an additional 16 experiments conducted from 2003 to 2013, and bivariate random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate population mean b ([Formula: see text]) and a (ā) for the IND–YLD relationship. YLD and TW decreased as IND increased, with b ranging from −3.2 to −2.3 kg m−3 %−1 for TW. For the IND–YLD relationship, [Formula: see text] was −51.7 kg ha−1 %IND−1 and ā was 4,426.7 kg ha−1. Neither cultivar nor SLB affected the IND–YLD relationship but SLB affected a of the IND–TW regression lines, whereas cultivar affected b. Plots with the highest levels of SLB (based on ordinal categories for SLB) had the lowest a and Hopewell had the highest b. The level of IND at which a 50-kg m−3 reduction in TW was predicted to occur was 19, 16, and 22% for Cooper, Hopewell, and Truman, respectively. A yield loss of 1 MT ha−1 was predicted to occur at 19% IND. The rate of reduction in relative TW or YLD per unit increase in IND was between −0.39 and −0.32%−1 for TW and −1.17%−1 for YLD. Results from this study could be integrated into more general models to evaluate the economics of FHB management strategies.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Use of Genetic Resources in Spring Malting Barley Breeding in Lithuania

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Algė Leistrumaitė ◽  
Vanda Paplauskienė ◽  
Audronė Mašauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Barley Breeding ◽  
Extract Yield ◽  
Growing Conditions

Evaluation and Use of Genetic Resources in Spring Malting Barley Breeding in Lithuania During the period 2004-2006, grain yield stability and malt quality characteristics of 47 spring barley varieties and 55 promising breeding lines from the collection of spring barley genetic resources were investigated at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture (LIA). The growing conditions in 2004 were fairly normal compared with the long-term mean, and the years 2005 and 2006 were rather dry. The varieties and breeding lines tested showed from medium to high variation of grain > 2.5 mm yield (CV 11.5-34.3%) and medium variation of grain yield (CV 4.39-13.33%). However, high temperatures and drought in June of 2006 caused a low grain > 2.5 mm yield (by on average 55.0-67.8%). Promising breeding lines were characterised as having higher grain yield and extract output per ha compared with barley varieties. However, the data showed that grain grading 2.5 mm should be improved for the breeding lines. Using the software STABLE we estimated the stability of malting barley quality traits in relation to weather conditions during the crop year, genotype properties for varieties and breeding lines, as well as the interactions of variety and weather conditions. The selection of lines promising in terms of grain yield, > 2.5 mm grain yield and extract yield, was based on their ability to realise the genetic potential in various growing conditions. The highest score in integral assessment of grain yield, grain > 2.5 mm yield and extract yield was identified for the varieties Tocada', Sebastian', Scarlett' and breeding lines: 7939-1, 7661-1, and 8080-4. The varieties and breeding lines that exhibited high grain stability, high grain quality and other agronomic traits were utilised in further breeding programmes.

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