scholarly journals Early evaluation of root morphology of maize genotypes under phosphorus deficiency

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 135-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C. Magalhães ◽  
T.C. de Souza ◽  
F.R.O. Cantão
Keyword(s):  
Root Morphology ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Early Evaluation ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Different Genetic Background ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

In Brazil savanna type of soils presents problems with phosphorus content. The selection and identification of maize genotypes to such environments is a high priority of Brazilian research. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate, in soils with different P concentrations, the dry mass attributes and characteristics of root morphology in eight maize lines with different genetic background and origins of the Breeding Program of the National Research Center for Maize and Sorghum. The experiment was carried out in plots prepared with two levels of phosphorus: high phosphorus (HP) and low phosphorus (LP). The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications. The evaluation of the characteristics of the shoots and the root system morphology was performed 21 days after sowing. The WinRhizo program of images analysis was used for the root morphology. There were no differences between the phosphorus levels for the dry mass attributes. However, when we compared P levels, root morphology of L13.1.2 strain performed the highest surface area (SA) and total root length (RL), length of thin (TRL) and very thin (VTRL) roots in low P concentration. The root systems digital images analysis techniques allowed efficient discrimination of maize genotypes in environments with low P levels.

scholarly journals LIGHT ENVIRONMENTS AND PHOSPHORUS DOSES IN THE GROWTH OF BASIL PLANTS

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 326
Author(s):  
Maria Elisa Falcão de Oliveira ◽  
Girlene Santos de Souza ◽  
Anacleto Ranulfo dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Color Shading ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

AMBIENTES DE LUZ E DOSES DE FÓSFORO NO CRESCIMENTO DE PLANTAS DE MANJERICÃO O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento das plantas de manjericão cultivadas em ambientes de luz modificada com o uso de malhas fotoconversoras sob diferentes dosagens de adubação fosfata. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 4 x 3, sendo os tratamentos: 0;50; 100 e 200 kg ha-1 de P2O5, e três ambientes de luz utilizando malhas fotoconversoras nas cores : azul e vermelho com 50% de sombreamento e a pleno sol, com cinco repetições. Após 120 dias de cultivo foram realizadas análises de crescimento das plantas de manjericão, além do teor de fósforo nas raízes. Observou-se interação significativa entre as doses de fósforo e os ambientes de luz para as variáveis número de folhas, área foliar, área foliar especifica, razão de área foliar e razão de peso foliar. Plantas de manjericão cultivadas a pleno sol na dosagem máxima de fósforo (200 kg ha-1 P2O5) apresentaram resultados significativamente superiores em relação àquelas cultivadas sob sombreamento. Porém vale ressaltar que o ambiente sombreado proporcionou maior altura e produção de massa seca, além de maiores teores de fósforo nas raízes. Conclui-se que a interação das malhas fotoconversoras com a adubação fosfatada apresentou resultados positivos em relação ao desenvolvimento das plantas de manjericão.Palavras-chave: luminosidade, planta medicinal, sombreamento, ocimum basilicum L. ABSTRACT:The objective of this work was to evaluate the development of basil plants cultivated in modified light environments with the use of color shading nets under different dosages of phosphate fertilization. The experimental design was a randomized block factorial design 4 x 3, with the treatments: 0, 50; 100 and 200 kg ha-1 P2O5 using shading nets in colors: blue and red, with 50% shading and full sun, and five replications. After 120 days of cultivation, analyzes of the growth of basil plants were carried out, in addition to the phosphorus content in the roots. There was a significant interaction between phosphorus doses and light environments for the number of leaves, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf area ratio and leaf weight ratio. Basil plants grown in full sun at the maximum phosphorus dosage (200 kg ha-1 P2O5) showed significantly higher results than those grown under shade. However, it is worth noting that the shaded environment provided higher height and dry mass production, in addition to higher phosphorus levels in the roots. It was concluded that the interaction of color shading nets with the phosphate fertilization presented positive results in relation to the development of the basil plants.Keywords: luminosity, medicinal plant, shading, Ocimum basilicum L.

A comparison of growth rates and phosphorus distribution in a range of pasture species

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
EF Biddiscombe ◽  
PG Ozanne ◽  
NJ Barrow ◽  
J Keay
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Relative growth rates (RGR) of nine annual pasture species and lucerne were compared in two experiments. During the first 4 weeks of growth the RGR of the clovers tended to be slower than that of the herbs and grasses, especially at low levels of applied phosphate. This situation was reversed towards maturity. Slow RGR of the tops of the clovers at low phosphorus levels was associated with the development of large root systems relative to tops; but at least in subterranean clover, the RGR of the roots was also slow. Other associated characteristics of the clovers, a month from emergence and at low phosphorus levels, were low phosphorus concentrations in the tops relative to non-legumes, and a low proportion of their total phosphorus in the tops. The phosphorus content per unit weight of clover roots was low under these conditions. Differences between species in early growth rate were maintained on different sods, even though the soil solution contained widely different concentrations of phosphate. Establishment of species In the field, particularly during the seedling stage, is discussed in relation to growth rates at low and optimal levels of phosphorus.

Phosphorus nutrition of beef cattle. 2. Relation of pasture phosphorus to phosphorus content of blood, hair and bone grazing steers

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (60) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
RDH Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Grazing Cattle ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Status ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Phosphorus Levels ◽  
Do So

The phosphorus content was measured every three months in pasture and in blood, hair and bone of beef steers that had grazed pastures of low phosphorus content for 12 months. This was done to determine the effect that changes in pasture phosphorus levels had on the phosphorus content of animal tissue. The correlation coefficients between pasture phosphorus content and either the phosphorus content of hair or the concentration of inorganic phosphorus in plasma were not significant. The relationship between the phosphorus content of pasture (x) and dry fat-free rib-bone (y) was given by the equation y = 9.5 + 33.3x (r = 0.97; P < 0.05). It was concluded that bone phosphorus content could provide the best estimate of the phosphorus status of grazing cattle because it significantly reflected variation in the phosphorus content of pasture whereas blood and hair failed to do so.

Phosphorus nutrition of beef cattle. 3. Effect of supplementation on the phosphorus content of blood and on the phosphorus and calcium contents of hair and bone of grazing steers

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (65) ◽  
pp. 625
Author(s):  
RDH Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Dietary Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium Status ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

The effect of phosphorus supplements of 35 and 70 g per head per week on the calcium and phosphorus contents of bone and hair and on plasma inorganic phosphorus levels of steers was compared with those of unsupplemented steers which grazed carpet grass (Axonopus affinis) pasture of low phosphorus content at Grafton, New South Wales. The supplements had no effect on plasma inorganic phosphorus concentration. Hair phosphorus content was not affected by either dietary phosphorus or season. Hair calcium was not influenced by pasture calcium but was related to season, with highest levels in summer and lowest in winter. Supplementation increased the amount of phosphorus in dry fat-free rib-bone (P < 0.05) but this effect was not apparent in the first three months of supplementation. The amount of calcium in bone (Y) was influenced by pasture calcium content (X1) and bone phosphorus content (X2). This relationship was described by the equation: Y = 51.0 + 140.81X1 - 3.33X2(R2 = 0.71; P < 0.001) It is suggested that bone phosphorus levels below 14.3, 13.5, and 12.7 per cent of dry fat-free bone may represent a phosphorus deficiency state in 15-27-month-old steers when pasture calcium levels are 0.18, 0.15, and 0.12 per cent respectively. Further, when estimates of the calcium status of beef steers are made from measurements of bone calcium content, corrections should be applied for bone phosphorus content. It is concluded that measurement of bone phosphorus and calcium provides the most sensitive indication of the phosphorus and calcium status of beef cattle and that when phosphorus supplementation has no effect on liveweight of beef steers its effect on mineralization of bone tissue may justify its use, particularly in areas where poor bone development and lameness occur.

scholarly journals Effects of Root Zone Warming on Maize Seedling Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics Under Different Phosphorus Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenqing Xia ◽  
Shibo Zhang ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Guixin Zhang ◽  
Yafang Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Zone Temperature

Phosphorus content and root zone temperature are two major environmental factors affecting maize growth. Both low phosphorus and root zone high temperature stress significantly affect the growth of maize, but the comprehensive effects of phosphorus deficiency and root zone warming are less studied. This study aimed to explore the effects of phosphorus deficiency and root zone warming on the root absorption capacity, total phosphorus content, and photosynthetic fluorescence parameters of maize seedlings. The results showed that maize shoots and roots had different responses to root zone warming and phosphorus deficiency. Properly increasing the root zone temperature was beneficial to the growth of maize seedlings, but when the root zone temperature was too high, it significantly affected the root and shoot development of maize seedlings. The root zone warming had a more significant impact on the root system, while phosphorus deficiency had a greater impact on the shoots. Phosphorus content and root zone warming had a strong interaction. Under the comprehensive influence of normal phosphorus supply and medium temperature in the root zone, the growth of maize seedlings was the best. Under the combined effects of low phosphorus and high temperature in the root zone, the growth was the worst. Compared with the combination of normal phosphorus and root zone medium temperature treatment, the dry mass of the low-phosphorus root zone high temperature treatment was decreased by 55.80%. Under the condition of low-phosphorus too high root zone temperature reduced root vitality, plant phosphorus content, which in turn affected plant growth and light energy utilization efficiency. In the case of sufficient phosphate fertilizer supply, appropriately increasing the soil temperature in the root zone is beneficial to increase the absorption and utilization of phosphorus by plants and promote the growth and development of maize seedlings.

scholarly journals Using of NDVI in digital mapping of phosphorus content in soils and assessment of it's availability by plants

2019 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
N. V. Gopp ◽  
O. A. Savenkov ◽  
T. V. Nechaeva ◽  
N. V. Smirnova ◽  
A. V. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Optimal Range ◽  
Digital Mapping ◽  
Spatially Distributed

It was developed а method of digital mapping of phosphorus content (total, organic, available) in soils using spatially distributed NDVI values calculated from Landsat 8 (30 m resolution). It was carried out comparative analysis of content of phosphorus of soils differing in soil humus content: with high and medium humus content. In medium-humus soils (agrochernozems, agro-dark-grey) compared to high- humus agrochernozems discovered lower contents of total phosphorus in 1.1 times, and organic phosphorus in 1.5–1.7 times. The reverse trend was found for available phosphorus — in all medium- humus soils its content was more in 2 times as compared with high-humus agrochernozems. The provision of plants with phosphorus was sufficient, since its content in the above-ground phytomass of the oat-pea mixture was in the optimal range of 0.23–0.5% for a completely dry mass. According to the visual diagnostics of external signs of phosphorus deficiency in plants was not revealed. It was not found correlation between the content of phosphorus in plants, the reserves of above-ground phytomass of oat-pea mixture and NDVI.

Correction - Phosphorus nutrition of beef cattle. 3. Effect of supplementation on the phosphorus content of blood and on the phosphorus and calcium contents of hair and bone of grazing steers

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (65) ◽  
pp. 625
Author(s):  
RDH Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Dietary Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium Status ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

The effect of phosphorus supplements of 35 and 70 g per head per week on the calcium and phosphorus contents of bone and hair and on plasma inorganic phosphorus levels of steers was compared with those of unsupplemented steers which grazed carpet grass (Axonopus affinis) pasture of low phosphorus content at Grafton, New South Wales. The supplements had no effect on plasma inorganic phosphorus concentration. Hair phosphorus content was not affected by either dietary phosphorus or season. Hair calcium was not influenced by pasture calcium but was related to season, with highest levels in summer and lowest in winter. Supplementation increased the amount of phosphorus in dry fat-free rib-bone (P < 0.05) but this effect was not apparent in the first three months of supplementation. The amount of calcium in bone (Y) was influenced by pasture calcium content (X1) and bone phosphorus content (X2). This relationship was described by the equation: Y = 51.0 + 140.81X2 - 3.33X2(R2 = 0.71; P < 0.001) It is suggested that bone phosphorus levels below 14.3, 13.5, and 12.7 per cent of dry fat-free bone may represent a phosphorus deficiency state in 15-27-month-old steers when pasture calcium levels are 0.18, 0.15, and 0.12 per cent respectively. Further, when estimates of the calcium status of beef steers are made from measurements of bone calcium content, corrections should be applied for bone phosphorus content. It is concluded that measurement of bone phosphorus and calcium provides the most sensitive indication of the phosphorus and calcium status of beef cattle and that when phosphorus supplementation has no effect on liveweight of beef steers its effect on mineralization of bone tissue may justify its use, particularly in areas where poor bone development and lameness occur.

scholarly journals Resposta da Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu a fertilizantes nitrogenados associados ao fosfato natural reativo

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Avelino Cabral ◽  
Luciano Da Silva Cabral ◽  
Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva ◽  
Kassio Dos Santos Carvalho ◽  
Bruna Elusa Kroth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Reactive Phosphate ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This study aimed to identify a proportion of urea and ammonium sulfate associated to natural reactive phosphate that coud maximize the production of ‘marandu’ grass in a red clayay oxisol with low phosphorus content. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with a completely randomized design , in split plots in the time with seven repetitions. The main plots consisted of six levels of the substitution of urea by ammonium sulfate: 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%. The split plots consisted of three growth periods, being the first 30 days after plants emergence and the others spaced 20 days after the previous evaluation. The evaluated variables were: number of tillers, SPAD value, shoot, leaf blade and stem dry mass. The ammonium sulfate can provide higher soil acidity when compared to urea, which contributes to the reactive phosphate solubilization. Ammonium sulfate increment changes the SPAD value of ‘marandu’ grass fertilized with natural reactive phosphate.

Inter Layer Dielectric Defect Induced High Contact Resistance

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Re-Long Chiu ◽  
Jason Higgins ◽  
Toby Kinder ◽  
Juha Tyni ◽  
Sharon Ying ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Resistance ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Thermal Processes ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Low Phosphorus

Abstract High contact resistance can be caused by moisture absorption in low phosphorus content BPTEOS. Moisture diffused through the TiN glue layer is absorbed by the BPTEOS during subsequent thermal processes resulting in increased contact resistance. This failure mode was studied by combining different failure analysis methods and was confirmed by duplication on experimental wafers.

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