scholarly journals The effect of undersowing time of clover crops and weeds on silage maize yields

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 361-367
Author(s):  
P. Jamriška
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Insignificant Effect ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Dry Matter Weight

In field experiments conducted on loamy luvic chernozem (170 m altitude, 48°34’ N 17°45’ E), the effects of undersowing time (5 days after maize was sown and into emerged stand) of lucerne, red clover and sainfoin on silage maize dry matter have been studied. The total dry matter yields were affected by time of undersowing of clover crops. The stands undersown after emergence of maize gave higher yields than former time of undersowing. The late time of undersowing improved conditions for growth of maize and formation of its yield. The number of maize plants had already insignificant effect on yields there. The dry matter weight, height, and number of maize plants and dry matter weight of weeds were main factors of formation of the total yield. The depressive effect of weeds on total yields was applied indirectly particularly through the decrease in the dry matter weight of maize plants. The path analysis in spite of the insignificant effect of clover crops undersown on total yields indicated some differences in the formation of yield. The number of maize plants reached the significant level of effect on yield only at stands with red clover undersown. On the contrary, the negative correlation of weeds dry matter weight with the number of maize plants reached level of significance in stands with lucerne undersown only.

A comparison of silages made from red clover/grass, white clover/grass and high nitrogen grass swards for beef production

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Stewart ◽  
I. I. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Grass Sward

ABSTRACTSilage cut twice annually (June and August) from a tetraploid red clover/grass sward and three times annually (May, July and September) from a low nitrogen (N) and high N perennial ryegrass/white clover sward was fed in proportion to dry-matter yield from each cut, over a 10-week period, each winter for 3 years to castrated male cattle of initial live weight 401 kg in year 1 and 425 kg in years 2 and 3. The silages were supplemented with 0, 1, 2 and 3 kg concentrate per head daily.Total dry-matter yield from the red clover/grass sward was similar to that from the perennial ryegrass/white clover sward (high N grass) receiving 360 kg N per ha but the digestibility, particularly of first cut material was much lower. Dry-matter production of the low N grass/white clover sward was 0·73 of high N grass sward and produced silages of similar digestibility and fermentation.Dry-matter intakes by the cattle were higher on the legume-based silages in years when clover made a worthwhile contribution to total yield, but this did not significantly improve utilization or animal performance compared with high N grass silage. Mean daily carcass gain per head on red clover/grass silage was 0·41 kg which was significantly less than the 0·61 kg on white clover/grass silage and 0·59 on high N grass (P < 0·001). Carcass output from red clover/grass silage was 618 kg/ha and 629 kg/ha from white clover/grass, both of which were significantly less than the 863 kg/ha from the high N grass silage (P < 0·001). Dressing proportion was also significantly poorer in animals fed red clover/grass silage compared with the other silage types.

scholarly journals Nitrogen recovery and dry matter production of silage maize (Zea mays L.) as affected by subsurface band application of mineral nitrogen fertilizer

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Van Dijk ◽  
G. Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Negative Effect

In 1991-94 the effects of subsurface band application of mineral N fertilizer on the N recovery and dry matter (DM) yield of silage maize were studied in nine field experiments on sandy and clay soils in the Netherlands. In the early crop stages and especially in the clay soil experiments, banded N had a significant negative effect on the N uptake and DM yield compared to broadcast N, possibly due to salt damage. At final harvest, however, banding significantly increased the N uptake and DM yield in most of the experiments. The apparent N recovery increased by circa 20-25% (absolute). The positive effects indicated that band application improved the efficiency of the N fertilizer. It could be calculated that banding allowed a reduction in the N rate of 20-30% without significant effects on the N uptake and DM yield of the silage maize. Benefits of banding were positively (P

Establishment studies VI. The effect of method of establishment on long-term leys in the first harvest

1963 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
A. H. Charles
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Harvest Year

1. The method of establishment markedly affected the yield of red clover in the first harvest year, the highest yield being obtained when a cover crop was used, in the absence of which red clover yield was reduced by frequent grazing during establishment. White clover made little growth in the first harvest year; the yield was best without a cover crop under frequent grazing during establishment.2. Nitrogen applied in the seed bed did not affect the growth of red clover in the first harvest year, but depressed the white clover under infrequent defoliation without a cover crop. There was no significant effect under the other management.3. The total yield of red and white clovers was lower, when sown with the rapidly establishing ryegrass or ryegrass-dominant general-purpose mixtures, than with cocksfoot or timothy mixtures. Weed growth, although not prominent, was far greater in the timothy and cocksfoot swards than in those based on ryegrass.4. A close parallel existed between the growth of red clover and the dry matter and yield of crude protein. The highest figures were recorded when management during establishment had favoured the growth of the red clover.5. Nitrogen applied in the seed bed reduced the percentage of crude protein in all mixtures in the spring and autumn grazings, and in the hay crop of the first harvest year. Management which encouraged the growth of red clover increased the crude protein percentage of herbage in the spring and autumn, but depressed it in the aftermath cut.6. A number of interactions occurred when the relative yields of dry matter and crude protein of mixtures in the first harvest year were modified by treatments applied during establishment. There are significant indications that the method of establishment is a factor to be considered in evaluating various mixtures.

scholarly journals Effects of sewage sludge application on the yield of different crops and the uptake of some heavy metals

1981 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Asbjørn Sorteberg
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Distinct Effect ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Second Year

An account is given of two pot experiments with sewage sludge. H/73. Sewage sludge was added in amounts of 0, 50 and 200 g of dry matter per pot of 5 litres =0, 20 and 80 tons per hectare respectively, given at the start of the experiment. Two soils, a loamy sand and a clay soil, were included in the experiment which has been running for 6 years (1973—78), with oats and barley every second year. The sewage sludge was anaerobically digested and had a relatively high content of heavy metals. Relative yields (grain + straw) for the experimental period were, as a mean of the two soil types, 100, 126 and 166 respectively for 0,50 and 200 g sewage sludge per pot. The uptake of N was 43.9 percent of added N in 50 g sludge and 32.6 percent of added N in 200 g sludge. For P the uptake was 23.9 and 18.5 percent respectively. The effect of sludge on the content of heavy metals in the yields was: Cd. Heavy effect. Heavier effect on the grain of oats than on the grain of barley. Cu. Distinct effect. Higher content in barley than in oats, and higher content in grain than in straw for both crops. Ni. Heavy effect, particularly in grain of oats. Higher content in grain of oats than in straw. For barley the content was slightly higher in straw than in grain. Zn. Distinct effect, particularly in the first two years. Highest increase in the straw. Pb and Hg. No effect. 14/71 included rates of up to 400 g dry matter per pot of anaerobically digested sewage sludge, two rates of lime, with crops of oats, barley, red clover and timothy. The experiment ran for two years (1971—72). Soil: Loam. The sludge had a positive effect on the total yield of all crops, but the highest rate had a negative effect on the grain of barley in the first year, and in the second year the hight rates caused retarded germination of all crops. The concentration of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn was substantially higher in red clover than in timothy. With the addition of roughly the same amounts of heavy metals to unlimed loamy sand (H/73)and loam (14/71), oats obtained a higher concentration of Cd, Ni and Zn from the sludge with the highest content of these metals (H/73).

An investigation of nitrogen uptake in mixed crops not receiving nitrogenous manure

1937 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Nowotnówna
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Leguminous Plants ◽  
Nitrogen Yield ◽  
Rye Grass ◽  
Mixed Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Percentage

1. The total yield of dry matter of rye-grass, grown in the presence of inoculated (a) peas, (b) red clover, (c) serradella, in sand with no added nitrogen, after 13 weeks' growth was increased by about three times in the peas-rye-grass series, twice in the clover-rye grass series, and nearly twice in the serradella series in comparison with the yield of rye-grass grown alone.2. The nitrogen percentage and total nitrogen yield of rye-grass were greatly influenced by associated growth with peas, clover or serradella. Rye grass grown with peas after 13 weeks' growth contained nearly five times, grown with clover three times, grown with serradella about twice, as much total nitrogen, as grass of the same age similarly grown, but in the absence of leguminous plants.3. Among the three leguminous species tested at Pulawy, peas were the best companions for rye-grass, giving the highest amount of assimilated nitrogen, while serradella gave the smallest.4. In another experiment, when barley and (a) peas, (b) red clover, (c) lucerne were grown together in sand without added nitrogen, only peas exerted a beneficial influence upon the yield of dry matter and the nitrogen percentage and total nitrogen yield of barley.

Field experiments comparing ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate and urea applied repetitively to grassland

1963 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Devine ◽  
M. R. J. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Absorption Potential ◽  
Ammonia Absorption ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

1. Ten experiments were carried out on grassland in various parts of England and Scotland to compare ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, urea with less than 1% biuret and urea with about 4% biuret. The grass was cut a number of times during the season and each nitrogen fertilizer was applied at rates supplying 30 and 60 lb. per acre of nitrogen in spring and after each cut except the last.2. Total yield and yields at most individual cuts of both dry matter and nitrogen in the herbage were increased by each increment of applied nitrogen.3. Ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate gave similar dry-matter yields at all cuts in six experiments, while in four on calcareous soils ammonium sulphate gave lower yields than ammonium nitrate at one or more cuts. Ammonium sulphate gave lower yields at the second or third cuts in more experiments than at the first cut.4. Urea with < 1% biuret gave lower dry-matter yields than ammonium nitrate at one or more cuts in eight of the ten experiments. Urea became less efficient relative to ammonium nitrate as the season advanced.5. The efficiency of urea with < 1% biuret relative to ammonium nitrate in each experiment was positively correlated with the ammonia absorption potential of the soil.6. Urea with < 1% biuret and urea with about 4% biuret gave similar yields.

Establishment studies V. The effect of method of establishment on the behaviour of long-term leys in the seeding year

1963 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Charles
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Dry Matter Yield

1. In the seeding year the total dry-matter yield in swards sown without a cover crop was increased by infrequent defoliation, but the yield of crude protein was decreased. The highest production of starch equivalent was obtained when a cover crop was used.2. In the absence of a cover crop, the yield of red clover was higher under infrequent defoliation, but the yield of white clover was higher under frequent grazing.3. Frequent grazing, and the use of a cover crop, reduced the ingress of weeds more than infrequent defoliation. Nitrogen applied to the cover crop also reduced the growth of weeds.4. Nitro-chalk increased the total yield of herbage except when under a cover crop; it reduced the growth of red and white clovers, but this was not so marked under frequent grazing.5. Nitro-chalk increased the annual yield of crude protein under frequent grazing, but decreased it in all herbage mixtures under infrequent defoliation; nitrogen had no effect when a cover crop was used. The increase in yield of starch equivalent due to the application of nitrogen and its apparent recovery was greater under frequent grazing than under the other two managements. Under infrequent defoliation, in the absence of a cover crop, the recovery of nitrogen was particularly low.6. The ryegrass mixture and ryegrass-dominant general-purpose mixture made more growth, and suppressed clover and weeds to a greater extent than did the timothy and cocksfoot mixtures. This was modified by management in that ryegrass was particularly aggressive under frequent grazing (management 1) but not under managements 2 and 3.7. In the autumn of the seeding year the yield of total herbage was highest under infrequent defoliation, particularly in the cocksfoot, and general-purpose swards. All undersown mixtures gave lower yields than when no cover crop was used.8. Nitrogen increased the yield of herbage in May and June under frequent grazing, and in the August cut under infrequent defoliation, but in the autumn particularly it was reduced where a cover crop was used.9. The application of nitrogen decreased the protein content in all herbage mixtures when a cover crop was used or when defoliation was infrequent. Under frequent grazing the nitrogen increased the percentage of crude protein in the first two grazings, but decreased it in the September grazing.10. The production from the various mixtures was modified by management: under frequent grazing in May the ryegrass-dominant mixtures were higher yielding than the others, but in July the general-purpose and cocksfoot swards were the most productive. Under infrequent defoliation in August the timothy mixture had the highest yield and cocksfoot the lowest, and under this management cocksfoot and timothy swards had the highest yield in the autumn of the seeding year.

scholarly journals Comparison of breeding methods for forage yield in red clover

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Libor Jalůvka ◽  
Vítězslav Dostál ◽  
V. Meyer ◽  
B. Bayle ◽  
F. Lapage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Group B ◽  
Late Group

Three methods of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) breeding for forage yield in two harvest years on locations in Bredelokke (Denmark), Hladké Životice (Czech Republic) and Les Alleuds (France) were compared. Three types of 46 candivars1, developed by A) recurrent selection in subsequent generations (37 candivars, divided into early and late group), B) polycross progenies (4 candivars) and C) ge­no-phe­no­ty­pic selection (5 candivars) were compared. The trials were sown in 2005 and cut three times in 2006 and 2007; their evaluation is based primarily on total yield of dry matter. The candivars developed by polycross and geno-phenotypic selections gave significantly higher yields than candivars from the recurrent selection. However, the candivars developed by the methods B and C did not differ significantly. The candivars developed by these progressive methods were suitable for higher yielding and drier environment in Hladké Životice (where was the highest yield level even if averaged annual precipitation were lower by 73 and 113 mm in comparison to other locations, respectively); here was ave­ra­ge yield higher by 19 and 13% for B and C in comparison to A method. Highly significant interaction of the candivars with locations was found. It can be concluded that varieties specifically aimed to different locations by the methods B and C should be bred; also the parental entries should be selected there.

scholarly journals The effect of year and genotype on productivity and quality of potato

Genetika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-322
Author(s):  
Sanida Arslanovic-Lukac ◽  
Nenad Djuric ◽  
Veselinka Zecevic ◽  
Jasmina Balijagic ◽  
Dobrivoj Postic
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Early Variety ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
Set Up

The study presents results of a three-year experiment of variability of different potato varieties in Montenegro: early maturity varieties (Riviera), medium early (Almera, Aladin and Bounty) and medium late (Agria, Margarita, Kennebec and Desiree). The research was conducted during 2015, 2016 and 2017, in acid, brown soil and three different climatic locations: Nedakusi (556 m a.s.l.), Sutivan (680 m a.s.l.) and Orahovica (900 m a.s.l.). Field experiments were set up using standard methodology in random block design in three repetitions. The analysis of variance suggest that number of tubers per plant, mean tuber weight, yield of small tubers, marketable and total yields were significantly fluctuating depending on genotype (G), year (Y) and the location (L). In addition to individual influences of different factors, their interactions were also pronounced (G x Y, G x L, Y x L, G x Y x L). In the three-year period average, the highest total yield was recorded in Nedakusi (31.41 t ha-1), followed by Sutivan (21.35 t ha-1), while the lowest average yield (17.36 t ha-1) was recorded in Orahovica. As expected, on the three-year average, the highest percentage of dry matter was found in late varieties Agria - 25.46%, then Desiree - 25.33%, followed by Kennebec with 25.13%, while the lowest percentage of dry matter was found in medium early variety Almera - 20.82%. The highest average yield of tubers in the three-year period was recorded in the Aladin variety, followed by Agria and Desiree, while the lowest average yield was recorded in the variety Riviera. Obtained results show that the highest yields over observed locations were recorded in medium early varieties that formed high number of tubers per plant (Aladin) and medium late varieties (Desiree and Agria) give satisfactory and stable yields.

Field experiments comparing the effects of muriate and sulphate of potash on potato yield and quality

1962 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Dickins ◽  
F. E. G. Harrap ◽  
M. R. J. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Muriate Of Potash

1. Between 1955 and 1961 nineteen experiments were carried out on Majestic potatoes in various parts of England comparing muriate and sulphate of potash at three rates of application, in the range 75–336 lb./acre of K2O. Most of the experiments were on light soils.2. Total yield of tubers was on average the same from both sources at all rates of application, and this similarity was not affected by environmental conditions.3. Muriate of potash consistently gave a higher yield of large tubers than sulphate, with an average difference of 0·6 ton/acre. Conversely, muriate gave a lower yield of medium tubers than sulphate, again with a mean difference of 0·6 ton/acre.4. Muriate of potash significantly depressed tuber dry-matter content in eleven of the experiments, particularly at the higher rates, while sulphate had this effect in three experiments. Muriate gave a small increment in two experiments, at low rates only, while sulphate had this effect in five, most markedly at low rates. Sulphate gave a higher dry-matter content than muriate in most of the experiments. The mean difference was 1·0% at 300 and 336 lb./acre of K2O and 0·4 to 0·5% at lower rates.5. Sulphate of potash gave a more floury texture to the boiled tubers than muriate in three experiments, but otherwise no difference in texture was detected between the sources.6. The degree of off-flavour was not appreciably affected by rate or source of applied potash.7. After-cooking blackening was more marked at low than at high rates of applied potash in seven of the nineteen experiments. Muriate and sulphate of potash had similar effects.8. Farmyard manure ploughed down in winter was tested in three experiments and did not influence to any important extent the relative effects of muriate and sulphate of potash on tuber yield and quality.9. Application of the two sources on the flat before ridging and in the open drills was compared in the same three experiments, but did not alter the relative effects of the sources on yield or dry-matter content.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document