scholarly journals Are intensification and winter wheat yield increase efficient?

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 428-434
Author(s):  
Křen Jan ◽  
Houšť Martin ◽  
Tvarůžek Ludvík ◽  
Jergl Zdeněk
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Production Factors

The results of small-plot field trials of international comparisons of a series of crop management practices for winter wheat grown during 2014–2016 on fertile soils of Central Moravia were assessed. The objective of the experiments was to obtain the highest gross margin (GM), which is the difference between revenues and direct costs. The analyses showed that an optimal level of inputs and costs for obtaining the highest GM could exist. In the assessed series of crop management practices, the optimum input costs corresponded to 11 000–12 000 CZK/ha and 6–9 input measures. At high levels of grains (above 10 t/ha), higher values of GM were obtained by increased efficiency of inputs, but not by increasing their amount to maximize the yields. This indicates the multifunctional and synergic effects of production factors, which can be used at the so-called ecological intensification. Optimizations of inputs can be obtained rather by crop protection than by crop nutrition, which means rather in protection of high yields than in their maximization. Under field conditions, soil and plant processes affected by weather cannot be controlled. Therefore, optimisation of production factors is based both on scientific findings and practical agronomic experience. That is why a universal crop management practice with increased economic and ecological effects cannot be practically proposed.

scholarly journals The Value of Sentinel-2 Spectral Bands for the Assessment of Winter Wheat Growth and Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Revill ◽  
Anna Florence ◽  
Alasdair MacArthur ◽  
Stephen Hoad ◽  
Robert Rees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sentinel 2

Leaf Area Index (LAI) and chlorophyll content are strongly related to plant development and productivity. Spatial and temporal estimates of these variables are essential for efficient and precise crop management. The availability of open-access data from the European Space Agency’s (ESA) Sentinel-2 satellite—delivering global coverage with an average 5-day revisit frequency at a spatial resolution of up to 10 metres—could provide estimates of these variables at unprecedented (i.e., sub-field) resolution. Using synthetic data, past research has demonstrated the potential of Sentinel-2 for estimating crop variables. Nonetheless, research involving a robust analysis of the Sentinel-2 bands for supporting agricultural applications is limited. We evaluated the potential of Sentinel-2 data for retrieving winter wheat LAI, leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) and canopy chlorophyll content (CCC). In coordination with destructive and non-destructive ground measurements, we acquired multispectral data from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-mounted sensor measuring key Sentinel-2 spectral bands (443 to 865 nm). We applied Gaussian processes regression (GPR) machine learning to determine the most informative Sentinel-2 bands for retrieving each of the variables. We further evaluated the GPR model performance when propagating observation uncertainty. When applying the best-performing GPR models without propagating uncertainty, the retrievals had a high agreement with ground measurements—the mean R2 and normalised root-mean-square error (NRMSE) were 0.89 and 8.8%, respectively. When propagating uncertainty, the mean R2 and NRMSE were 0.82 and 11.9%, respectively. When accounting for measurement uncertainty in the estimation of LAI and CCC, the number of most informative Sentinel-2 bands was reduced from four to only two—the red-edge (705 nm) and near-infrared (865 nm) bands. This research demonstrates the value of the Sentinel-2 spectral characteristics for retrieving critical variables that can support more sustainable crop management practices.

scholarly journals The effects of cropping sequence, fertilization and straw management on the yield stability of winter wheat (1986–2017) in the Broadbalk Wheat Experiment, Rothamsted, UK

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 65-79
Author(s):  
J. Macholdt ◽  
H.-P. Piepho ◽  
B. Honermeier ◽  
S. Perryman ◽  
A. Macdonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Straw Management ◽  
Yield Risk

AbstractThe development of resilient cropping systems with high yield stability is becoming increasingly important due to future climatic and agronomic challenges. Consequently, it is essential to compare the effects of different agronomic management practices, such as cropping sequences and nutrient supply, on the stability of crop yields. Long-term experiments are a valuable resource for investigating these effects, as they provide enough time to accurately estimate stability parameters. The objective of the current study was to compare the effects of different cropping sequencing (#1: continuous v. rotational), fertilization (#2: mineral v. organic) and straw management techniques (in the case of continuous wheat; #3: removal v. incorporation) on the yield stability of winter wheat; yield risk (the probability of yield falling below a threshold yield level) and inter-annual yield variability were used as stability indicators of the effects. Long-term yield data from the Broadbalk Wheat Experiment (Rothamsted, UK) were analysed using a mixed model. Overall, the results showed that rotational cropping combined with sufficient mineral N fertilizer, with or without organic manure, ensured stable wheat yields while reducing yield risk. In contrast, higher yield risks and inter-annual yield variabilities were found in continuous wheat sections with less mineral N fertilizer or with organic manure only.

Intensive Crop Management Practices on Wheat Yield and Quality

1990 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Mohamed ◽  
J. J. Steiner ◽  
S. D. Wright ◽  
M. S. Bhangoo ◽  
D. E. Millhouse
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Yield And Quality

scholarly journals Operating at the extreme: estimating the upper yield boundary of winter wheat production in commercial practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 191919
Author(s):  
Emily G. Mitchell ◽  
Neil M. J. Crout ◽  
Paul Wilson ◽  
Andrew T. A. Wood ◽  
Gilles Stupfler
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
Extreme Value Analysis ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

Wheat farming provides 28.5% of global cereal production. After steady growth in average crop yield from 1950 to 1990, wheat yields have generally stagnated, which prompts the question of whether further improvements are possible. Statistical studies of agronomic parameters such as crop yield have so far exclusively focused on estimating parameters describing the whole of the data, rather than the highest yields specifically. These indicators include the mean or median yield of a crop, or finding the combinations of agronomic traits that are correlated with increasing average yields. In this paper, we take an alternative approach and consider high yields only. We carry out an extreme value analysis of winter wheat yield data collected in England and Wales between 2006 and 2015. This analysis suggests that, under current climate and growing conditions, there is indeed a finite upper bound for winter wheat yield, whose value we estimate to be 17.60 tonnes per hectare. We then refine the analysis for strata defined by either location or level of use of agricultural inputs. We find that there is no statistical evidence for variation of maximal yield depending on location, and neither is there statistical evidence that maximum yield levels are improved by high levels of crop protection and fertilizer use.

The change in winter wheat response to deoxynivalenol and Fusarium Head Blight through technological and agronomic progress

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruoxi Xia ◽  
Arthur W. Schaafsma ◽  
Felicia Wu ◽  
David C. Hooker
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Head Blight

Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat causes yield loss, quality reduction, and mycotoxin contamination in temperate wheat production areas worldwide. The objective of this study was to quantify the progress of agronomic and FHB management strategies during the past two decades on FHB suppression and agronomic performance of winter wheat in environments favorable for FHB. Field experiments were conducted in environments typical in FHB epidemics for comparing common agronomic and FHB management practices used in the 1996 era compared to those used in 2016. The experiments included a comparison of 3 different nitrogen fertilizer (N) application rates, 6 old (1996-era) and new (modern-era) winter wheat cultivars representing combinations of susceptibility-eras to FHB, with and without a fungicide applied at flowering (pydiflumetofen + propiconazole). To mimic environments favorable for infection (similar to 1996 in Ontario, Canada), plots were challenged at 50% anthesis with a F. graminearum macroconidia suspension followed by mist irrigation. The modern management strategy of using moderately resistant cultivars, a fungicide applied at flowering, and a high rate of N fertilizer reduced total deoxynivalenol by 67%, reduced Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK) by 49%, reduced FHB Index by 86%, increased grain test weight by 11% and increased grain yield by 31% compared to the standard management practice of seeding highly susceptible (HS) cultivars with no fungicide and a lower rate of fertilizer N recommended in the 1996 era. This study enabled a published economic assessment of the return on investment for the improvements in cultivars, fungicide and N applications since 1996.

Effects of different soil management practices on winter wheat yield and N losses on a dryland loess soil in China

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Jin ◽  
Stefaan De Neve ◽  
Bram Moeskops ◽  
Junjie Lu ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Loess Soil ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

One of the most important problems in the Loess Plateau of China affecting sustainable agriculture is inefficient nutrient use. Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different soil management practices on the nitrogen (N) dynamics and winter wheat yield on a loess soil in Luoyang, Henan province, China. The results showed that subsoiling with mulch (SS) consistently increased the yield of winter wheat primarily by better water harvest compared with conventional tillage (CT). The influence on yield of no till with mulch (NT) depended on the amount of precipitation. TC (2 crops per year) lowered the winter wheat yield mainly due to the unfavourable soil moisture conditions after growing peanut in summer; however, the harvested peanut gained an extra profit for the local farmer. N uptake by grain and straw and N export was highest for SS. Changes in frequency and intensity of tillage practice altered soil total N content and its distribution along the slope. SS and NT increased the N content of the surface layer (0–0.20 m) compared with CT, but there was no significant effect in deeper soil layers. Considerable amounts of nitrate-N were left in the profile 0–1.60 cm just after harvest under all treatments. The cumulative nitrate-N content to a depth of 1.60 m on average was 282 kg/ha, of which 56 kg/ha was in the layer 1.20–1.60 m, which is an indication of considerable nitrate leaching. From data of 7 consecutive years between 1999 and 2006, it could be concluded that SS resulted in the highest yield and total N content in the surface layer, and is the most sustainable tillage option for the circumstances of the study area.

scholarly journals Long-term experiments on chernozem soil in the University of Debrecen

2018 ◽  
pp. 357-369
Author(s):  
Péter Pepó
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Long Term Experiments ◽  
The Impact

The impact of agrotechnical management practices (nutrient and water supply, crop rotation, crop protection, genotype) on the yields of winter wheat and maize and on the soil water and nutrient cycles was studied in long-term experiments set up in 1983 in Eastern Hungary on chernozem soil. The long-term experiments have shown that nitrogen fertilizer rates exceeding the N-optimum of winter wheat resulted in the accumulation of NO3-N in the soil. Winter wheat varieties can be classified into four groups based on their natural nutrient utilization and their fertilizer response. The fertilizer responses of wheat varieties depended on crop year (6.5–8.9 t ha-1 maximum yields in 2011–2015 years) and the genotypes (in 2012 the difference was ~3 t ha-1 among varieties). The optimum N(+PK) doses varied between 30–150 kg ha-1 in different crop years. In maize production fertilization, irrigation and crop rotation have decision role on the yields. The efficiency of fertilization modified by cropyear (in dry 891–1315 kg ha-1, in average 1927–4042 kg ha-1, in rainy cropyear 2051–4473 kg ha-1 yield surpluses of maize, respectively) and crop rotation (in monoculture 1315–4473 kg ha-1, in biculture 924–2727 kg ha-1 and triculture 891–2291 kg ha-1 yield surpluses of maize, respectively). The optimum fertilization could improve the water use efficiency in maize production. Our long-term experiments gave important ecological and agronomic information to guide regional development of sustainable cropping systems.

scholarly journals Capacity Building Needs of Small-Holder Cocoyam (Xanthosoma Sagittifoliuu) Farmers in Selected Rural Communities of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Kesit Kufre Nkeme ◽  
Jemimah Timothy Ekanem ◽  
Victoria Asuquo Nse
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Marketing Channels ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Small Holder

The study investigated the capacity building needs of small-holder cocoyam farmers in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria during the 2018  cropping season. Data were randomly collected from 130 respondents selected through a multi-stage sampling procedure using questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics, net returns model and budgeting technique. For agronomic management practice, result showed that the major sources of land acquisition and labour were inheritance (63%) and hired labour (52.6%). The majority (71.6%) of sampled farmers cultivated between 20 and 80 stands of cocoyam per farm. Result further showed that the major marketing channels of cocoyam were; farm gate (40.7%) and rural markets (24.7%. The main sources of information for cocoyam farmers were family and friends (40.9%), radio and television (18%) and extension agents (10.5%). The cost-returns analysis showed a gross margin and net return of N1, 164,500.00, and N494, 700.00, respectively, and the return per capital of N1.74. The most capacitybuilding needs of cocoyam farmers were information on processing technology ( x̄=3.31), farm credit information ( x̄= 3.19),   information on pest/ disease control ( x̄=3.17), storage information ( x̄=3.15), record keeping/ evaluation need ( x̄ =2.92) and effective cocoyam marketing ( x̄ =2.88). The major constraints militating against cocoyam production in the study area were; absence of  marketing information ( x̄ =2.57), poor record keeping ( x̄ =2.57), labour scarcity ( x̄ =2.42), pest and disease ( x̄=2.34), lack of improved variety of planting material ( x̄ =2.30). Provision of marketing channels information to farmers, enhancing access to extension contact and periodic training of farmers` on improved management practices are avenues to boost cocoyam production. Keywords: Capacity building needs, small holders cocoyam farmer

Quantitative Analysis of Farmers Perception of the Constraints to Sunflower Production: A Transverse Study Approach Using Hierarchical Logistic Model (HLM)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13331
Author(s):  
Ejovi Akpojevwe Abafe ◽  
Oluwaseun Samuel Oduniyi ◽  
Sibongile Sylvia Tekana
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
National Level ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Farm Finance ◽  
Sunflower Production

Sunflower production is an excellent choice for both local and national agribusiness with significant potential in smallholder farming systems due to low input costs, consistent yields, and a short planting window. However, farmers are faced with interrelated constraints in their sunflower production. This study was undertaken to examines the perceptions of the constraints to sunflower production as perceived by smallholder farmers in North West Province, South Africa. The research identifies some factors related to sunflower production constraints. Then, a stratified random sampling technique was used to select 172 sunflower farmers and they were asked to rate their response on these attributes on a 5-points Likert scale. Leveraging principal component analysis (PCA), we agglomerated and condense information from the original datasets of the constraint attributes into three main components (innovation, farm finance, and crop management practice). Because of the hierarchical structure of the dataset with farmers nested within their local municipalities, we use Hierarchical Logistic Modeling techniques to identify the factors that determine farmer’s perceived interest in innovation, farm finance, and crop management practices. Innovation and farm finance emerge to be critical elements for sustainable sunflower production. The findings indicate that age, education, household size, farm size, cooperative membership, and gender are strongly correlated with farmers’ perceived interest in innovation and farm finance characteristics. This study recommends that to promote these elements among smallholder farmers, it is necessary for governments at the local and national level to invest in extension service and education, cooperative organizations, research, and development in disentangling the age, gender, and farm size inequalities existing in the district sunflower production.

The Contribution of Some Soil and Crop Management Practice on Soil Organic Carbon Reserves: Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-274
Author(s):  
Agegnehu Shibabaw ◽  
Melkamu Alemeyehu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Agricultural Sustainability ◽  
Important Indicator

Soil organic carbon is the most important attribute and chosen as the most important indicator of soil and environment quality and agricultural sustainability. Maintaining of soil carbon stocks and other nutrient proved as the most important challenge of arable lands. It depends on soil type, surrounding climate and long term land use. Studies of various research reports indicates that agricultural management practice; crop rotation, residue management, reduced tillage, green manuring and organic matter amendment has identified for its contribution to the improvement of soil organic matter stocks and some other nutrients.Implementing of reduced or no tillage operation has underlined in increasing organic carbon stock of the soil through delaying of organic matter decomposition and N mineralization.Long term adoption of legume based crop rotation notably increases soil organic carbon and N contents, helped with natural gift of atmospheric nitrogen fixation. Organic sources of fertilizer are reservoirs of plant nutrients and organic carbon, and hence amendment with adequate and quality manure ultimately enhances the soil nutrients and SOC stocks of the soil. In general, soil and crop management practices allow the soil to sequester more atmospheric carbon in to the soil.The circumstances ultimately contribute to agricultural sustainability, environmental and soil quality and mitigation of climate change at large. 

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