scholarly journals Blue lupine seeds protein content and amino acids composition

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomczak Aneta ◽  
Zielińska-Dawidziak Magdalena ◽  
Piasecka-Kwiatkowska Dorota ◽  
Lart-Szczapa Eleonora
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Amino Acids Composition ◽  
Kjeldahl Method ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Parameters

Lupine seeds are promising soy replacement in food products and feeds. Eighteen cultivars of blue lupine seeds were examined to indicate the one most favourable in protein content and quality. Two parameters were studied, i.e. total protein content (with the Kjeldahl method) and amino acids composition (with the ultra performance liquid chromatography technique). Both parameters studied were variable and depended both on the cultivar and on the place of cultivation. Protein content was in the range of 28–41% and the worst cultivar, regardless of cultivation place, was cv. Kalif (average total protein content 29.37 ± 1.14%), while the best cultivar was Boruta (average total protein content 37.43 ± 0.98%). The blue lupine seeds were rich especially in leucine (5.3 ± 0.5–9.7 ± 0.5 g/16 g N), threonine (2.4 ± 0.7–4.9 ± 0.1 g/16 g N) and lysine (2.7 ± 0.4–5.6 ± 0.1 g/16 g N). The richest among all amino acids studied were the cv. Bojar seeds from Wiatrowo and cv. Oskar from Przebędowo. It was not possible to choose one cultivar preferable from the nutritional point of view, because a strong influence of cultivation place on protein content and quality was observed, especially as to the precipitation sum.

scholarly journals Amino Acid Composition of Milk from Cow, Sheep and Goat Raised in Ailano and Valle Agricola, Two Localities of ‘Alto Casertano’ (Campania Region)

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2431
Author(s):  
Nicola Landi ◽  
Sara Ragucci ◽  
Antimo Di Maro
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Campania Region

Cow, sheep and goat raw milk raised in Ailano and Valle Agricola territories (‘Alto Casertano’, Italy) were characterized (raw proteins, free and total amino acids content) to assess milk quality. Raw milk with the highest total protein content is sheep milk followed by goat and cow milk from both localities. Total amino acid content in cow, goat and sheep raw milk is 4.58, 4.81 and 6.62 g per 100 g, respectively, in which the most abundant amino acid is glutamic acid (~20.36 g per 100 g of proteins). Vice versa, the free amino acids content characteristic profiles are different for each species. In particular, the most abundant free amino acid in cow, sheep and goat raw milk is glutamic acid (9.07 mg per 100 g), tyrosine (4.72 mg per 100 g) and glycine (4.54 mg per 100 g), respectively. In addition, goat raw milk is a source of taurine (14.92 mg per 100 g), retrieved in low amount in cow (1.38 mg per 100 g) and sheep (2.10 mg per 100 g) raw milk. Overall, raw milk from ‘Alto Casertano’ show a high total protein content and are a good source of essential amino acids.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Differences in Levels of Free Amino Acids and Total Protein in Human Foremilk and Hindmilk

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris van Sadelhoff ◽  
Dimitra Mastorakou ◽  
Hugo Weenen ◽  
Bernd Stahl ◽  
Johan Garssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Total Protein Content

Free amino acids (FAAs) in human milk are indicated to have specific functional roles in infant development. Studies have shown differences between human milk that is expressed at the beginning of a feed (i.e., foremilk) and the remainder of the milk expressed (i.e., hindmilk). For example, it is well established that human hindmilk is richer in fat and energy than foremilk. Hence, exclusively feeding hindmilk is used to enhance weight gain of preterm, low birthweight infants. Whether FAAs occur differently between foremilk and hindmilk has never been reported, but given their bioactive capacities, this is relevant to consider especially in situations where hindmilk is fed exclusively. Therefore, this study analyzed and compared the FAA and total protein content in human foremilk and hindmilk samples donated by 30 healthy lactating women. The total protein content was found to be significantly higher in hindmilk (p < 0.001), whereas foremilk contained a significantly higher total content of FAAs (p = 0.015). With regards to individual FAAs, foremilk contained significantly higher levels of phenylalanine (p = 0.009), threonine (p = 0.003), valine (p = 0.018), alanine (p = 0.004), glutamine (p < 0.001), and serine (p = 0.012) than hindmilk. Although statistical significance was reached, effect size analysis of the milk fraction on FAA levels in milk revealed that the observed differences were only small. To what extent these differences are of physiological importance for infant development remains to be examined in future research.

scholarly journals The effect of meteorological conditions on the biochemical characteristics of sunflower seeds of the variety Skormas

2020 ◽  
Vol 183 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Yu.Yu. Pomorova ◽  
◽  
D.V. Beskorovainy ◽  
V.V. Pyatovsky ◽  
Yu.M. Serova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Sunflower Seeds

The seeds of early-ripening sunflower variety Skormas of the 2016-2018 years of cultivation became the material for the research. The article presents the results of oil content, total protein content, and analysis of amino acid composition. We conducted the research in the protein laboratory of the department of biological research of V.S. Pustovoit AllRussian Research Institute of Oil Crops. The protein content in the seeds of variety Skormas in different 40 growth seasons varied from 19.00 to 23.58 g, the coefficient of variation was C = 10.76 %. We established a strong inverse relation between oil content and protein content – r= -0.99. The meteorological conditions influenced the total protein content and oil content of the variety in different years of cultivation. Thus, with the hydrothermal coefficient (HC) equal to 1.2 in the growth season of 2016, the protein content in the seeds was 21.61 g, and with the HC equal to 0.6 of 2017, characterized as arid, it was 23.58 g. The protein content inversely correlates with the moisture supply of plants – r= -0.94. In years with insufficient soil moistening, sunflower seeds accumulate less oil and more protein. We identified the largest amount of the essential amino acids, 25.74 g/100g, in the seeds of variety Skormas, grown in 2018. The number of non-essential amino acids of 2016 and 2018 turned out to be nearly at the same level – 47.98 and 47.19 g/100g. Despite the differences in the total protein content, the amino acid composition of the seeds of the variety is fairly stable in the different growth seasons. The protein of seeds of the variety Skormas contains a large amount of glutamic acid – 16.46 g/100g and aspartic acid – 7.55 g/100g. In course of three years, their amount turned out to be stable. The coefficient of variation of these acids was С = 2.14 % and С = 2.40 %, respectively. The average content of the essential amino acid lysine for the same period was 2.42 g/100g with the coefficient of variation С = 12.14 %. The non-essential amino acids tyrosine and cysteine were at the level of 1.74 g/100g and 0.54 g/100g with the coefficient of variation С = 13.59 % and С = 16.32 %.

scholarly journals Analysis of Fatty acid and Determination of Total Protein, Alkaloid, Saponin, Flavonoid of Bangladeshi Bombax ceiba Linn Leaves and Seeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (04) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Shahin Aziz ◽  
Shahal Ahmed ◽  
Sharmin Akter Lisa ◽  
Tanzima Parvin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Saponin Content ◽  
Kjeldahl Method

Bombax ceiba Linn belongs to the family of Bombacaceae and is an important medicinal plant. In Bangladesh, Bombax ceiba Linn is locally known as “Shimul tree”. The whole part of the plant used as traditional folk medicine for the treatment of antidysentric, anti diahorreal and antipyretic effects. The present communication attempts to evaluate fatty acid analysis by GC-MS spectrophotometer, total protein content by Kjeldahl method and to quantify some active constituents i.e. alkaloid, saponin and flavonoid. The fatty acid compositions of the petroleum ether extract of leaves and seeds of Bombax ceiba grown in Bangaladesh were determined by gas chromatography- mass spectrophotometer. 8 compounds were identified from leaves and 13 compounds were identified from the seeds. For both cases Palmitic acid showed higher value. The findings from present study showed the protein content for seeds have higher value (18.89%) than leaves of Bombax ceiba . The present investigation showed that both leaves and seeds of Bombax ceiba contain phytochemicals such as flavanoids, alakaloids and saponins in appreciable quantities. The flavonoid content of leaves was 5.97% and for the case of seeds (5.72%), the alkaloid content for leaves was (9.73%) and for seeds (31.44), the saponin content for the case of leaves (13.90%) and for the case of seeds was(43.58%).

scholarly journals Nitrogen and protein contents in some aquatic plant species

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Bytniewska
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Kjeldahl Method

Nitrogen and protein contents in higher aquatic plants deriving from a natural habitat were determined. The following plants were examined: <i>Spirodela polyrrhiza</i> (L.) Schleid., <i>Elodea canadensis</i> Rich., <i>Riccia fluitans</i> L. Total nitrogen and nitrogen of respective fractions were determined by the Kjeldahl method. Nitrogen compounds were fractionated according to Thimann et al. Protein was extracted after Fletcher and Osborne and fractionated after Osborne. It was found, that total protein content in the plants under examination constitutes 18 to 25%o of dry matter. Albumins and glutelins are the most abundant protein fractions.

scholarly journals Determination of total protein content in biomedical products by the PDMS-assisted lab-in-a-syringe assay using 3D printed scaffolds removal

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester Drastíková ◽  
Klára Konderlová ◽  
Andrea Šebestová ◽  
Daniel Baron ◽  
Petra Švecová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Fabrication Procedure ◽  
One Step ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Bradford Assay ◽  
The One

AbstractThe aim of our work was to develop a low-cost, portable device for the fast and easy determination of total protein content by using PDMS-based lab-in-a-syringe technology with removal of 3D-printed channels. We proposed two designs with a one-step PDMS curing and a two-step PDMS-curing fabrication procedure. The one-step PDMS microdevices were found to be the best in the view of preparation, repeatability, and stability of the reagent. This design was then applied for the determination of total protein content in biomedical products using the Bradford assay.

scholarly journals Complex analysis of total protein content in bread wheat containing GPC-B1 gene from Triticum turgidum SSP. dicoccoides

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Pokhylko ◽  
S. V. Schwartau ◽  
V. V. Pochynok ◽  
L. M. Mykhalska ◽  
O. M. Dugan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Genetic Environment ◽  
B1 Gene ◽  
Kjeldahl Method ◽  
Hybrid Lines

Aim. The purpose of our study was to determine the content of total protein in the F5 generation grains, the carriers of the Gpc-B1 gene from Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides by two methods, which in turn would confirm the successful expression of the Gpc-B1 gene in the genetic environment of bread winter wheat. Methods. Determination of protein content was carried out by Kjeldahl method and by infrared spectrometry (NIR) method. Results. The 44 hybrid lines that are homozygous for the Gpc-B1 gene from T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides have been analyzed. It has been established that for both methods, the average content of protein in the grain of hybrid lines is 14 % higher in comparison to the original Kuyalnik variety. Particular attention should be paid to the line number 10, 12 and 35 in which the content of protein exceeds 15 % by the method of Kjeldahl. Conclusions. The obtained results indicate that the gene Gpc-B1 from the wild relative in the new genetic environment of the highly productive registered wheat cultivar Kuyalnik has been functioning and has a positive effect on the accumulation of total protein in grains.Keywords: biofortification, protein content, Triticum aestivum, Gpc-B1 gene, Kjeldahl and NIR methods.

scholarly journals Effect of the Rearing Substrate on Total Protein and Amino Acid Composition in Black Soldier Fly

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1773
Author(s):  
Andrea Fuso ◽  
Silvia Barbi ◽  
Laura Ioana Macavei ◽  
Anna Valentina Luparelli ◽  
Lara Maistrello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Flexible Tool ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
By Products

Insects are becoming increasingly relevant as protein sources in food and feed. The Black Soldier Fly (BSF) is one of the most utilized, thanks to its ability to live on many leftovers. Vegetable processing industries produce huge amounts of by-products, and it is important to efficiently rear BSF on different substrates to assure an economical advantage in bioconversion and to overcome the seasonality of some leftovers. This work evaluated how different substrates affect the protein and amino acid content of BSF. BSF prepupae reared on different substrates showed total protein content varying between 35% and 49% on dry matter. Significant lower protein contents were detected in BSF grown on fruit by-products, while higher contents were observed when autumnal leftovers were employed. BSF protein content was mainly correlated to fibre and protein content in the diet. Among amino acids, lysine, valine and leucine were most affected by the diet. Essential amino acids satisfied the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) requirements for human nutrition, except for lysine in few cases. BSF could be a flexible tool to bio-convert a wide range of vegetable by-products of different seasonality in a high-quality protein-rich biomass, even if significant differences in the protein fraction were observed according to the rearing substrate.

Prediction of Human Acute Toxicity by the Hep G2/24-hour/Total Protein Assay, with Protein Measurement by the CBQCA Method

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Dierickx
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Human Toxicity ◽  
Hep G2 ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Protein Assay ◽  
Lowry Method ◽  
Total Protein Assay

In our previously described Hep G2/24-hour/total protein assay, protein levels were measured by using the Lowry method. This assay was the best acute in vitro assay for the prediction of human toxicity within the Multicentre Evaluation of In Vitro Cytotoxicity (MEIC) study. In order to increase the MEIC data-base with a wider range of chemicals, we were interested in introducing the more practical 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)-quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (CBQCA) method for the quantification of the total protein content. Therefore, we investigated whether the same good results for the prediction of acute human toxicity would be obtained with the CBQCA method. The cells were treated for 24 hours, then cytotoxicity was determined by measuring the total protein content with CBQCA. The results were quantified by using the PI50c: the concentration (in mM) of test compound required to reduce the total protein content measured with the CBQCA-method by 50% as compared to the control cells. The results were compared with the PI50, the corresponding value when the Lowry method was used. A relatively low correlation was observed between PI50 and PI50c, reflecting the large and unexpected, differences when using the two protein assays. However, when comparing the log PI50c with the human toxicity, a correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.761 ( n = 44) was obtained for exactly the same series of MEIC chemicals. This value is clearly higher than that for the Lowry method ( r2 = 0.695). Compared to the Lowry method originally used, the Hep G2/24-hour/CBQCA total protein assay has the additional important advantage that it can be very easily adapted for large-scale analyses with robotic systems, including the on-line calculation of the results.

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