scholarly journals Restoration of a Rudolfine Mannerist historical castle garden

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Vonešová ◽  
Oldřich Vacek ◽  
Jan Vaněk
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Line Shape ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
Historical Resources ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Point Line

This paper discusses plant assortments in historical Mannerist gardens and their use during the restoration of such a historical garden. Mannerist gardens were founded in the territory of Bohemia at the time of Emperor Rudolf II. The model garden for the purposes of this paper is the castle garden in Brandýs nad Labem. There are no reliable historical resources which could specify the plant assortment cultivated in this garden at the time of its creation. However, the period of Rudolfine Mannerism is defined by known determinative elements of garden architecture as well as certain cultivated plant species. For this reason, it was possible to compile a list of elements which must conform to the individual forms of greenery (solitary, hedges, alleys, climbers, containers) and their spatial arrangement (point, line, shape) typical for Renaissance and Mannerist composition. The list was created with respect for the current cultural and climatic conditions by evaluating the current utilisation of the garden.  

scholarly journals Calibration and instrumental line shape characterization of a set of portable FTIR spectrometers for detecting greenhouse gas emissions

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 3047-3057 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Frey ◽  
F. Hase ◽  
T. Blumenstock ◽  
J. Groß ◽  
M. Kiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Line Shape ◽  
External Source ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Instrumental Performance ◽  
Solar Absorption ◽  
Ground Pressure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Instrumental Line ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. A comprehensive calibration procedure for mobile, low-resolution, solar-absorption FTIR spectrometers, used for greenhouse gases observations, is developed. These instruments commend themselves for campaign use and deployment at remote sites. The instrumental line shape (ILS) of each spectrometer has been thoroughly characterized by analyzing the shape of H2O signatures in open path spectra. A setup for the external source is suggested and the invariance of derived ILS parameters with regard to chosen path length is demonstrated. The instrumental line shape characteristics of all spectrometers were found to be close to nominal. Side-by-side solar observations before and after a campaign, which involved shipping of all spectrometers to a selected target site and back, are applied for verifying the temporal invariability of instrumental characteristics and for deriving intercalibration factors for XCO2 and XCH4, which take into account residual differences of instrumental characteristics. An excellent level of agreement and stability was found between the different spectrometers: the uncorrected biases in XCO2 and XCH4 are smaller than 0.01 and 0.15 %, respectively, and the drifts are smaller than 0.005 and 0.035 %. As an additional sensitive demonstration of the instrumental performance we show the excellent agreement of ground pressure values obtained from the total column measurements of O2 and barometric records. We find a calibration factor of 0.9700 for the spectroscopic measurements in comparison to the barometric records and a very small scatter between the individual spectrometers (0.02 %). As a final calibration step, using a co-located TCCON (Total Carbon Column Observation Network) spectrometer as a reference, a common scaling factor has been derived for the XCO2 and XCH4 products, which ensures that the records are traceable to the WMO in situ scale.

scholarly journals Potential of the Biomass of Plants Grown in Trace Element-Contaminated Soils under Mediterranean Climatic Conditions for Bioenergy Production

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1750
Author(s):  
María Pilar Bernal ◽  
Donatella Grippi ◽  
Rafael Clemente
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
Bioenergy Production ◽  
Digestion Methods

Phytomanagement of trace element-contaminated soils combines sustainable soil remediation with the use of plant biomass for different applications. Consequently, phytostabilization using plant species useful for bioenergy production has recently received increasing attention. However, the water requirement of most of these species is a limitation for their use under Mediterranean climatic conditions. In this work, eight plant species growing naturally in mine soils contaminated by trace elements were evaluated for their use as bioenergy crops using thermochemical (combustion) and biochemical (anaerobic digestion) methods. The higher heating values of the biomass of the plants studied were all within a narrow range (16.03–18.75 MJ kg−1), while their biochemical methane potentials ranged from 86.0 to 227.4 mL CH4 (g VS)−1. The anaerobic degradation was not influenced by the presence of trace elements in the plants, but the mineral content (mainly Na) negatively affected the potential thermal energy released by combustion (HHV). The highest annual energy yields from biogas or combustion could be obtained by the cultivation of Phragmites australis and Arundo donax, followed by Piptatherum miliaceum. Both options can be considered to be suitable final destinations for the biomass obtained in the phytostabilization of trace element-contaminated soils and may contribute to the implementation of these remediation techniques in Mediterranean areas.

scholarly journals Hungarian fruits and vegetables of high anti-oxidant activity as functional foods (Review article)

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zs. Veres ◽  
É. Domokos-Szabolcsy ◽  
J. Koroknai ◽  
L. Dudás ◽  
I. J. Holb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Foods ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Vegetable Foods

Recently, projects aiming to enhance the consumption of fruits and vegetables are intensified. Experts agree in the principle of fresh vegetable foods being a valid panacea in averting risks of ailments as well as curing immune-insufficiency, inflammations, moreover, certain cancerous processes. It is generally accepted that among substances of biological activity the anti-oxidant compounds such as vitamins C, E and carotenoids, etc. have the major role in this process. Hungarian agriculture has outstanding chances in utilising its natural as well as cultivated plant resources and favourable climatic conditions. It would be, however, necessary to build up a databank of anti­oxidant substances found in fruits and vegetables and including the modifying effects of technology, growing site, variety, etc. The concept of promoting the trade of Hungarian food-specialities as "Hungaricum" needs, urgently, the aid of a databank of that kind. Some of those excellent products are for instance the sour cherry, pepper and onion. They enjoy high priority as "Hungaricum" in the EU and it should be enhanced by intense and consequent research work, which may prove their role as functional foods. The USA is the leading country in research on the anti-oxidant substances of sour cherries, and up to now more than 17 compounds have been found in Hungarian varieties among others. In pepper fruits used as vegetable and source of vitamin C, the analyses are still lacking because research of the past concentrated on the products of milled spice pepper. Onion and garlic are entirely unexplored in this respect. It should be noted that availability of these fresh products in the moderate climate is restricted to a relatively short season. For that reason, some processing and preservation methods are needed in order to use those fruits and vegetables as functional foods all around the year. The scientifically founded endeavour as a solution of the questions mentioned is stimulated by vigorous commercial interests as well as by the urgent needs of the consumers to improve their health.

scholarly journals TECHNOLOGY AND MEASUREMENTS OF MAGNETORESISTANCE IN THIN-LAYERED FERROMAGNETIC STRUCTURES

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
Jakub Kisała ◽  
Karolina Czarnacka ◽  
Mateusz Gęca ◽  
Andrzej Kociubiński
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Constant Magnetic Field ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Field Vector ◽  
Magnetic Sensors ◽  
Layer Structures ◽  
Mems Technology ◽  
Nife Layer ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Neodymium Magnets

The paper presents the technology for obtaining NiFe/Ti/NiFe layer structures in MEMS technology using magnetron purge with the assumption of being used as semi-magnetic sensors. A series of samples was made on a glass substrate with a sandwich structure, where the individual layers were 100 nm NiFe, 10 nm Ti and on top again NiFe with a thickness of 100 nm. Measurements of DC resistance of the obtained structures in a constant magnetic field, which was produced by neodymium magnets and an electromagnet, were carried out. The obtained results confirm the occurrence of phenomena known as the magnetoresistance effect. The influence of the spatial arrangement of structures relative to the constant magnetic field vector was checked and proved.

scholarly journals Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkw. & Dewey - a review, and evaluation of intermediate and pubescent wheatgrass for dryland agriculture in New Zealand

1998 ◽  
pp. 233-241
Author(s):  
B.J. Wills ◽  
G.B. Douglas ◽  
J. Mckenzie ◽  
K.D. Trainor ◽  
A.G. Foote
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Thinopyrum Intermedium ◽  
Dryland Agriculture ◽  
Alternative Species ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Local Use

Intermediate and pubescent wheatgrasses (Thinopyrum intermedium) are potentially useful as dryland forage grasses in New Zealand. The recent literature on their international and local use in pasture and cropping situations is reviewed. Under semi-arid conditions at Bendigo Station over a 13-year period, cv. Luna wheatgrass has spread several metres from the original drill lines and it provides very high ground cover. In terms of dryland soil resource conservation this contrasts with adjacent cocksfoot and, to a lesser extent, lucerne plots which have wide-spaced plants interspersed with litter and much bare ground. In a mixed drilling containing wheatgrass, hairy dorycnium, birdsfoot trefoil and sheep's burnet, the first two species now dominate. At Takapau, central Hawke's Bay, annual yields from intermediate and pubescent wheatgrasses produced over 80% of the yield of 10 New Zealand cultivars in spring, summer and autumn, and 65% in the winter. Of the wheatgrasses, cv. Topar intermediate wheatgrass and a pubescent wheatgrass (unnamed line) were the lowest yielding, whereas cv. Oahe and cv. Mandan produced the highest yields. Cv. Greenleaf pubescent wheatgrass had higher foliar nitrogen content than all other species, but in vitro organic matter digestibility was less than 700 g OM/kg DM. Although the wheatgrasses had satisfactory herbage yield and nutritional value, better alternative species are available for pastoral farming in central Hawke's Bay. On Belfield in the Hakataramea Valley, cv. Rush has been the most vigorous wheatgrass for establishment and it seems to handle cold winds and frost well. Hay made from a wheatgrass/ lucerne mix is considered better than that from the individual species as this can increase production by 40-50%, depending on soil and climatic conditions. Usually only one cut per year is taken from the mixed pasture. Crop maintenance includes the application of 200 kg/ha of sulphur super extra every 3-4 years and the pH is maintained at about 5.9-6.4 by liming. A significant advantage is that no stock health, pest or plant disease problems have been noted as yet with any of the wheatgrass varieties available in New Zealand. Keywords: dryland agriculture, New Zealand, Thinopyrum, wheatgrass

The Feeling for Plants

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-34
Keyword(s):  
Individual Plant ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
The Individual

The garden sentiment is now focused on the individual plant. This "feeling" (also referred to as a sentiment or an enthusiasm) is found in the diverse forms of plants, the uncultivated plant in its natural surroundings, the seasonal progression of plants, and finally the raising and growing of the cultivated plant by the individual.

ALSIKE CLOVER POLLINATION BY HONEY BEES IN THE PEACE RIVER REGION

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pankiw ◽  
C. R. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Bumble Bees ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Peace River ◽  
River Region ◽  
Native Pollinator ◽  
Seed Yields

Pollination studies involving zero, one and three colonies of honey bees per acre, on commercial alsike clover fields ranging in size from 15 to 75 acres, were conducted in 1954, 1955, and 1957 in the Hinton Trail district of the Peace River Region of Alberta. These studies indicated that in large fields one colony of honey bees per acre is sufficient to pollinate alsike clover, consideration being given to competition of other crops and to the climatic conditions. The influence of competing crops was such that 65- to 75-acre fields, with one colony per acre, were similar in honey bee populations and seed production to 15- to 20-acre fields with three colonies per acre. Competing plant species accounted for 15 to 36 per cent of the pollen collected by honey bees. Fields with the higher populations of pollinators matured earlier than fields deficient in pollinators. A population of 3400 honey bees per acre (0.7 bee per sq. yd.) throughout the flowering period resulted in seed sets up to 82 per cent and seed yields to 375 lb. per acre. Check fields, where no honey bees were supplied, ranged in production from 29 lb. per acre, with a low native pollinator count, to 293 lb. where a pollinator equivalent of 1300 bumble bees per acre was observed. Bumble bees worked alsike clover at the rate of 28.6 florets per minute, as compared to 20.0 for leaf-cutter bees and 18.7 for honey bees.

scholarly journals The Assembly of Porphyrin Systems in Well-Defined Nanostructures: An Update

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 4307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Magna ◽  
Donato Monti ◽  
Corrado Di Natale ◽  
Roberto Paolesse ◽  
Manuela Stefanelli
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Internal Electric Field ◽  
Porphyrin Derivatives ◽  
Molecular Building Blocks ◽  
The Individual

The interest in assembling porphyrin derivatives is widespread and is accounted by the impressive impact of these suprastructures of controlled size and shapes in many applications from nanomedicine and sensors to photocatalysis and optoelectronics. The massive use of porphyrin dyes as molecular building blocks of functional materials at different length scales relies on the interdependent pair properties, consisting of their chemical stability/synthetic versatility and their quite unique physicochemical properties. Remarkably, the driven spatial arrangement of these platforms in well-defined suprastructures can synergically amplify the already excellent properties of the individual monomers, improving conjugation and enlarging the intensity of the absorption range of visible light, or forming an internal electric field exploitable in light-harvesting and charge-and energy-transport processes. The countless potentialities offered by these systems means that self-assembly concepts and tools are constantly explored, as confirmed by the significant number of published articles related to porphyrin assemblies in the 2015–2019 period, which is the focus of this review.

scholarly journals Structural insight into industrially relevant glucoamylases: flexible positions of starch-binding domains

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Roth ◽  
Olga V. Moroz ◽  
Antonio Ariza ◽  
Lars K. Skov ◽  
Keiichi Ayabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding ◽  
Polymeric Substrate ◽  
Binding Domains ◽  
Catalytic Mechanisms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insight Into

Glucoamylases are one of the most important classes of enzymes in the industrial degradation of starch biomass. They consist of a catalytic domain and a carbohydrate-binding domain (CBM), with the latter being important for the interaction with the polymeric substrate. Whereas the catalytic mechanisms and structures of the individual domains are well known, the spatial arrangement of the domains with respect to each other and its influence on activity are not fully understood. Here, the structures of three industrially used fungal glucoamylases, two of which are full length, have been crystallized and determined. It is shown for the first time that the relative orientation between the CBM and the catalytic domain is flexible, as they can adopt different orientations independently of ligand binding, suggesting a role as an anchor to increase the contact time and the relative concentration of substrate near the active site. The flexibility in the orientations of the two domains presented a considerable challenge for the crystallization of the enzymes.

scholarly journals Selection of plant species for permanent ground cover in vineyards: Looking for an agronomic and environmental optimum

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
N. Delabays ◽  
A.F. Grogg ◽  
M. Mota ◽  
U. Piantini
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Seed Mixture ◽  
Selection Of

The installation of a permanent ground cover in vineyards offers numerous agronomic (soil protection, soil fertility) and environmental (reduced leaching of nutrients and of plant protection products, reduced use of herbicides, biodiversity) benefits. Nevertheless, such ground covers are not always free of drawbacks (competition for water and nitrogen, increased risk of frost, management). For the growers, the challenge is to manage the green ground covers in such a way as to preserve their advantages while limiting these drawbacks. Among the tools available to the winegrower is the sowing of a seed mixture composed of selected species: a choice depending of the soil and climatic conditions of the parcel, but also of the different, and sometime contradictory, objectives of the grower. This paper lists the agronomic and environmental issues addressed by the installation of a permanent ground cover in vineyards. It describes two concrete situations – ground cover for vineyards integrated in agro-ecological networks and green cover on the row of vines (as alternative to glyphosate) – for which, according to the objectives and the impacts, a choice of plant species is proposed. At last, it presents the trials now carried out to validate and optimize those selections, as well as the first observations and results gathered to date.

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