scholarly journals A Computational Architecture for Inference of a Quantized-CNN for Detecting Atrial Fibrillation

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
pp. 135-149
Author(s):  
Andrés F Jaramillo-Rueda ◽  
Laura Y Vargas-Pacheco ◽  
Carlos A Fajardo
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Computational Architecture ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Level Parallelism

Atrial Fibrillation is a common cardiac arrhythmia, which is characterized by an abnormal heartbeat rhythm that can be life-threatening. Recently, researchers have proposed several Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to detect Atrial Fibrillation. CNNs have high requirements on computing and memory resources, which usually demand the use of High Performance Computing (eg, GPUs). This high energy demand is a challenge for portable devices. Therefore, efficient hardware implementations are required. We propose a computational architecture for the inference of a Quantized Convolutional Neural Network (Q-CNN) that allows the detection of the Atrial Fibrillation (AF). The architecture exploits data-level parallelism by incorporating SIMD-based vector units, which is optimized in terms of computation and storage and also optimized to perform both the convolutional and fully connected layers. The computational architecture was implemented and tested in a Xilinx Artix-7 FPGA. We present the experimental results regarding the quantization process in a different number of bits, hardware resources, and precision. The results show an accuracy of 94% accuracy for 22-bits. This work aims to be the basis for the future implementation of a portable, low-cost, and high-reliability device for the diagnosis of Atrial Fibrillation.

scholarly journals RGCA: a Reliable GPU Cluster Architecture for Large-Scale Internet of Things Computing Based on Effective Performance-Energy Optimization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuling Fang ◽  
Qingkui Chen ◽  
Neal N. Xiong ◽  
Deyu Zhao ◽  
Jingjuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Computing System ◽  
Gpu Cluster ◽  
Cluster Architecture ◽  
Level Parallelism

This paper aims to develop a low-cost, high-performance and high-reliability computing system to process large-scale data using common data mining algorithms in the Internet of Things computing. Considering the characteristics of IoT data processing, similar to mainstream high performance computing, we use a GPU cluster to achieve better IoT services. Firstly, we present an energy consumption calculation method (ECCM) based on WSN. Then, using the CUDA Programming model, we propose a Two-level Parallel Optimization Model (TLPOM) which exploits reasonable resource planning and common compiler optimization techniques to obtain the best blocks and threads configuration considering the resource constraints of each node. The key to this part is dynamic coupling Thread-Level Parallelism (TLP) and Instruction-Level Parallelism (ILP) to improve the performance of the algorithms without additional energy consumption. Finally, combining the ECCM and the TLPOM, we use the Reliable GPU Cluster Architecture (RGCA) to obtain a high-reliability computing system considering the nodes’ diversity, algorithm characteristics, etc. The results show that the performance of the algorithms significantly increased by 34.1%, 33.96% and 24.07% for Fermi, Kepler and Maxwell on average with TLPOM and the RGCA ensures that our IoT computing system provides low-cost and high-reliability services.

scholarly journals IoT Platform for Energy Sustainability in University Campuses

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Pedro Moura ◽  
José Ignacio Moreno ◽  
Gregorio López López ◽  
Manuel Alvarez-Campana
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Energy Sustainability ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Iot Platform

University campuses are normally constituted of large buildings responsible for high energy demand, and are also important as demonstration sites for new technologies and systems. This paper presents the results of achieving energy sustainability in a testbed composed of a set of four buildings that constitute the Telecommunications Engineering School of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. In the paper, after characterizing the consumption of university buildings for a complete year, different options to achieve more sustainable use of energy are presented, considering the integration of renewable generation sources, namely photovoltaic generation, and monitoring and controlling electricity demand. To ensure the implementation of the desired monitoring and control, an internet of things (IoT) platform based on wireless sensor network (WSN) infrastructure was designed and installed. Such a platform supports a smart system to control the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) and lighting systems in buildings. Furthermore, the paper presents the developed IoT-based platform, as well as the implemented services. As a result, the paper illustrates how providing old existing buildings with the appropriate technology can contribute to the objective of transforming such buildings into nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEB) at a low cost.

A High-Performance Free-Standing Zn Anode for Flexible Zinc-Ion Batteries

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenxi Gao ◽  
Jiawei Wang ◽  
Yuan Huang ◽  
Zixuan Li ◽  
Jiyan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Zinc Ion ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Energy Device ◽  
Zn Anode ◽  
Significant Attention

Zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted significant attention owing to their high safety, high energy density, and low cost. ZIBs have been studied as a potential energy device for portable and...

Electrostatic bellow muscle actuators and energy harvesters that stack up

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (51) ◽  
pp. eaaz5796
Author(s):  
I. D. Sîrbu ◽  
G. Moretti ◽  
G. Bortolotti ◽  
M. Bolignari ◽  
S. Diré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Artificial Muscle ◽  
Pressure Head ◽  
Robotic Systems ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Out Of Plane

Future robotic systems will be pervasive technologies operating autonomously in unknown spaces that are shared with humans. Such complex interactions make it compulsory for them to be lightweight, soft, and efficient in a way to guarantee safety, robustness, and long-term operation. Such a set of qualities can be achieved using soft multipurpose systems that combine, integrate, and commute between conventional electromechanical and fluidic drives, as well as harvest energy during inactive actuation phases for increased energy efficiency. Here, we present an electrostatic actuator made of thin films and liquid dielectrics combined with rigid polymeric stiffening elements to form a circular electrostatic bellow muscle (EBM) unit capable of out-of-plane contraction. These units are easy to manufacture and can be arranged in arrays and stacks, which can be used as a contractile artificial muscle, as a pump for fluid-driven soft robots, or as an energy harvester. As an artificial muscle, EBMs of 20 to 40 millimeters in diameter can exert forces of up to 6 newtons, lift loads over a hundred times their own weight, and reach contractions of over 40% with strain rates over 1200% per second, with a bandwidth over 10 hertz. As a pump driver, these EBMs produce flow rates of up to 0.63 liters per minute and maximum pressure head of 6 kilopascals, whereas as generator, they reach a conversion efficiency close to 20%. The compact shape, low cost, simple assembling procedure, high reliability, and large contractions make the EBM a promising technology for high-performance robotic systems.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Trends of Research on New Energy Vehicle Reliability Based on the Web of Science

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Zhao ◽  
Siqi Wang ◽  
Xiaoyue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Research Field ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Charging System ◽  
New Energy ◽  
New Energy Vehicle

In order to satisfy the increasing energy demand and deal with the environmental problem caused by the conventional energy vehicle; the new energy vehicle (NEV), especially the electric vehicle (EV), has attracted increasing attention and the corresponding research has developed rapidly in recent years. The electric vehicle requires a battery with high energy density and frequent charging. In order to ensure high performance of the electric vehicle; the reliability of its charging system is extremely important. In this paper; an overview of the research on electric vehicle charging system reliability from 1998 to 2017 is presented from a bibliometric perspective. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the current research climate and the emerging trends from the following four aspects: basic characteristics of publication outputs; including annual publication outputs and document types; collaboration analysis of countries/territories; institutions and authors; co-citation analysis of cited authors and cited references; co-occurrence analysis of subjects and keywords. By using CiteSpace; the collaboration relationship; co-citation and co-occurrence networks are shown clearly. According to the analysis results; studies in this research field will keep developing rapidly in the near future and several future research directions are proposed in the conclusions.

A HIGH THROUGHPUT, LOW COST ASSEMBLY APPROACH FOR LED IMS PACKAGES TO HEAT SINK USING ADVANCED THERMAL INTERFACE MATERIALS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 000627-000632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapan K. Bhattacharya ◽  
Fei Xie ◽  
Han Wu ◽  
Kelley Hodge ◽  
Keck Pathammavong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Sink ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermal Interface Material ◽  
Thermal Interface Materials ◽  
Thermal Interface ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
High Adhesion ◽  
Machine Cycle

The objective of this study is to design and fabricate a high reliability LED Insulated Metal Substrate (IMS) package to complex heat sink attachment using an advanced thermal interface material (TIM). The assembly consists of LED IMS parts bonded to a heat spreader/sink using an advanced TIM and a corner bond material to quickly and accurately secure the LEDs in position. The corner bond adhesive is snap cured for fast machine cycle times while the high performance, high adhesion TIM materials cure throughout the rest of the assembly operation. This approach allows high accuracy LED bonding without the need for alignment pins or fasteners to anchor to the IMS. The IMS attached to the heat sink is then electrically interconnected with a thin flex substrate on top of the IMS. This approach is expected to replace the current mechanical fastners and low strength silicone TIM materials and reduce the cycle time and overall placement cost which are key drivers especially for the automotive industry.

scholarly journals A Newly Designed Modular ZnBr2 Single Cell Structure

Batteries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Zongqiang Pang ◽  
Yutao Gong ◽  
Ming Yuan ◽  
Xin Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Symmetrical Structure

We describe a ZnBr2 single cell which has a highly modular symmetrical structure. With designed polyethylene shell frames, membrane frame and composite titanium-carbon felt electrodes, it has a higher energy density and is more flexible compared with traditional flow batteries. We repeatedly tested its performance, which showed good tightness, high reliability and a high energy efficiency of 75%. Due to the special symmetrical structure and modular design, it is easy to assemble and disassemble, which makes it suitable as a test platform for electrodes, membranes and electrolyte performance testing. The designed modular flow cell has low cost and high energy density, and can provide good guidance for flow battery research.

Low-cost high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors based on Co2AlO4@MnO2 nanosheets and Fe3O4 nanoflakes

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2096-2104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Li ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Xiao Ying Liu ◽  
Shi Jin Zhu ◽  
Jia Qi Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Asymmetric Supercapacitors ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Mno2 Nanosheets ◽  
Increasing Demand

The development of portable and wearable electronics has promoted the increasing demand for high-performance power sources with high energy/power density, low cost, lightweight, as well as ultrathin and flexible features.

scholarly journals Anytime ECG Monitoring through the Use of a Low-Cost, User-Friendly, Wearable Device

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6036
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Randazzo ◽  
Jacopo Ferretti ◽  
Eros Pasero
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Cardiac Health ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

Every year cardiovascular diseases kill the highest number of people worldwide. Among these, pathologies characterized by sporadic symptoms, such as atrial fibrillation, are difficult to be detected as state-of-the-art solutions, e.g., 12-leads electrocardiogram (ECG) or Holter devices, often fail to tackle these kinds of pathologies. Many portable devices have already been proposed, both in literature and in the market. Unfortunately, they all miss relevant features: they are either not wearable or wireless and their usage over a long-term period is often unsuitable. In addition, the quality of recordings is another key factor to perform reliable diagnosis. The ECG WATCH is a device designed for targeting all these issues. It is inexpensive, wearable (size of a watch), and can be used without the need for any medical expertise about positioning or usage. It is non-invasive, it records single-lead ECG in just 10 s, anytime, anywhere, without the need to physically travel to hospitals or cardiologists. It can acquire any of the three peripheral leads; results can be shared with physicians by simply tapping a smartphone app. The ECG WATCH quality has been tested on 30 people and has successfully compared with an electrocardiograph and an ECG simulator, both certified. The app embeds an algorithm for automatically detecting atrial fibrillation, which has been successfully tested with an official ECG simulator on different severity of atrial fibrillation. In this sense, the ECG WATCH is a promising device for anytime cardiac health monitoring.

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