scholarly journals Potential reduction in drinking water consumption at the headquarters of the Regional Electoral Court of Pernambuco - TRE/PE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (73) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Rafaely Monte do Prado ◽  
Anna Elis Paz Soares ◽  
Simone Rosa da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Municipal Governments ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
Alternative Sources

Water conservation in buildings includes not only reducing the demand for potable water, but also adopting alternative sources for activities with less noble purposes. Public buildings under the jurisdiction of the Federal, State, and Municipal governments are required to promote actions aimed at the rational use and conservation of water, according to the responsibility established in the Environmental Agenda in Public Administration.In light of the above, this study aims to analyze the potential for reducing drinking water consumption at the headquarters building of the Electoral Regional Court of Pernambuco - TRE/PE through the use of alternative water sources, such as rainwater and condensed water from air conditioners. The methodology began with the characterization of the study site and the consumption of potable water.Subsequently, the technical and economic feasibility of rainwater and condensate water use was investigated, as well as a comparison between the proposed measures. The results obtained indicate that the techniques studied are beneficial, presenting significant potential for reducing the consumption of potable water that would be used for toilet flushing, 63% for rainwater use and 62% for condensate water.In addition, they can also provide annual financial savings of R$8,216.01 and R$8,045.74, respectively. Thus, besides reducing drinking water consumption, the proposed measures also promote the minimization of financial costs, whose capital can be used in the search for continuous improvement of services provided to society.

scholarly journals Alternatives of IoT Irrigation Systems for the Gardens of Arequipa

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (22) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Jose David Esquicha-Tejada ◽  
Juan Carlos Copa-Pineda
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Solenoid Valve ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensors ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common

Due to the problem of drinking water scarcity in different cities around the world, there are innovative proposals to automate garden irrigation in homes, to reduce drinking water consumption. For this research, a sample of 68 inhabitants of the Region of Arequipa - Peru has been surveyed to know the common habits in the irrigation of the gardens. From this data, two systems have been implemented in two average gardens using the Arduino UNO board (integrating with the Ethernet Shield) and the NodeMCU, each proposal integrates soil moisture sensors, water flow sensor, and actuators, such as the solenoid valve and the relay, besides centralizing the information through an IoT System (Home Assistant or Adafruit IO). This has managed to establish a comparison of both, generating a discussion according to the advantages and disadvantages addressed by each proposal and obtaining a saving of potable water in the irrigation of plants.

Specific water consumption for households in 2014

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Per Capita

This water consumption is expressed in liters/capita/day. The consumption of potable water is widely variable, with a large gap between cities. Household consumption per capita varies from 28 to 631 liters per day, a factor of 20. The full data are available online. For more information, visit: www.waterstatistics.org Drinking water Supply

Collected rainfall as a water source in Danish households - what is the potential and what are the costs?

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Mikkelsen ◽  
O. F. Adeler ◽  
H.-J. Albrechtsen ◽  
M. Henze
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Economic Reason ◽  
Toilet Flushing ◽  
Sustainable Water Supply ◽  
Drinking Water Production ◽  
Alternative Water

The water resource, energy and economy aspects of rainwater collection are assessed to evaluate rainfall collection as an alternative option for sustainable water supply. A maximum of 229 million m3/year of rainwater can be collected from Danish roofs, provided that all possible surfaces are used and all rain falling on the surfaces is collected. This is equivalent to 24% of the total present production of drinking water, which is mainly based on groundwater. From household roofs 64.5 million m3/year can be collected if used for toilet flushing and washing of clothes. This is 68% of the actual demand for toilet flushing and washing of clothes in households and 22% of the total water consumption in households, but only 7% of the total present drinking water production in Denmark. From the society point of view there is neither an environmental nor an economic reason to systematically promote rainfall collection on a larger scale in Denmark. Thus it is important to see rainfall collection in a local context, and in each case to evaluate whether there are cheaper alternative water sources or options for minimising the water consumption.

scholarly journals Identification The Application of Water Conservation in Hotel

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 04019
Author(s):  
Kancitra Pharmawati ◽  
Dhuhri Hidayatullah ◽  
Priyadi Wirasakti
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Filtration Unit

Water conservation aspect is a part of Green Building concept. In addition, to save more first clean water consumption, The X Hotel applied water conservation aspect, which are the WAC 3 (Water Recycling), WAC 4 (Alternative Water Resources), and the WAC 5 (Rainwater Harvesting) (GBCI, 2013). The plumbing installation system with water conservation aspects at X Hotel aims to distribute first class clean water, dispose of the wastewater to a treatment site with appropriate water requirements refers to SNI 03-7065-2005 X Hotel required 114,640 m3/day of first class clean water, and 91,71 m3/day of the total wastewater discharge, includes 18,35 m3/day of black water and 73,36 m3/day of gray water. The X Hotel has additional alternative sources of water condensate from air conditioner (AC) about 44,16 m3/day and 52,53 m3 of rainwater, that can be used for water closet and urinal flushing in the public area at the Hotel, after through the anaerobic – aerobic biofilter STP (Sewerage Treatment Plant) and membrane filtration unit. After the calculation, water conservation aspects application can reduce first class clean water needs with an efficiency around 10%.

How to manage the Value of Drinking water by using Extension on the Contingent Valuation Method

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Alternative Sources

This paper examines an explanatory policy in the management of drinking water in Tunisia. Indeed, the price variable, while is considered, in general way, as a confident indicator in the regulation of drinking water consumption, it seems to be insufficient since the management of drinking water is influenced by other set of variables such as: the revenue level of households, the consumption of bottled water, the alternative sources, the household size and, above all, the quality variable, which presents an enormous variability inter- and intra-regions. Through our study, we have shown, that the variation in willingness to pay (WTP) is essentially due to psychological and subjective consideration (the degree of importance of these variables in the scale of preferences of consumers).

An integrated approach to water conservation for large users

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 625-632
Author(s):  
Guenter Hauber-Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Hierarchical Approach ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Sustainable Water Supply ◽  
A Site

Water conservation programs targeted at large users will play an integral role securing water supplies for cities in years to come. A hierarchical approach to water conservation—reducing consumption as a priority, then considering internal re-use of water and replacement of potable water with alternative sources—should be the key principle in sustainable water management. The application of this approach relies on a sound understanding of water consumption at a site: where water is used, why, when and how. This entails smart- and sub-metering of the water supply and detailed analysis of site activities to produce a site water balance. The hierarchical approach can then be applied, and conservation options can be costed to assess financial viability. ‘Packaging’ measures with different payback times together should be considered, along with funding support available. Based on implemented projects in Australia, an estimated 30% of potable water consumption within the commercial and industrial sectors could be saved at attractive payback periods. By adopting this integrated water conservation and management approach the same outcomes can be achieved with less potable water consumption. Appropriate source substitution is a pillar of sustainable water supply, providing water at less environmental, social and financial cost than the alternatives.

scholarly journals Potential for Potable Water Savings Due to Rainwater Use in a Precast Concrete Factory

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 448
Author(s):  
Giovanna Bertuzzi ◽  
Enedir Ghisi
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Rainwater Tank ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Tank Capacity ◽  
Rainwater Quality ◽  
The Ideal

The objective of this paper was to assess the potential for potable water savings due to rainwater use in a precast concrete factory in southern Brazil. The economic feasibility and the rainwater quality were also assessed. The current water consumption, future water demand, and rainwater demand in the factory were estimated. The future demand considered was two times higher than the current water consumption since there were plans to increase the production. Three scenarios were then simulated using the computer programme Netuno. The ideal rainwater tank capacity, the potential for potable water savings, and the economic feasibility analysis for each scenario were estimated. Samples of rainwater were collected in the factory and tested for quality for manufacturing precast concrete. For a rainwater tank capacity equal to 25,000 L, the potential for potable water savings for the first scenario was 55.4%, but the first scenario was considered economically unfeasible. For the same tank capacity, the second and third scenarios presented viable results regarding potable water savings and payback. As for the rainwater quality, it was proven to be adequate for manufacturing precast concrete. The main conclusion was that rainwater can be used to manufacture precast concrete in the factory studied herein.

Drinking water microbiology in a water-efficient building: stagnation, seasonality, and physicochemical effects on opportunistic pathogen and total bacteria proliferation

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 2902-2913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian J. Ley ◽  
Caitlin R. Proctor ◽  
Gulshan Singh ◽  
Kyungyeon Ra ◽  
Yoorae Noh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Water Age ◽  
Water Microbiology ◽  
Degraded Water Quality ◽  
Total Bacteria

The rising trend in water conservation has led to the use of water-efficient fixtures for residential potable water systems, which raises concerns about increasing water age and degraded water quality at the tap.

scholarly journals Potential for Potable Water Savings Due to Rainwater use in a Precast Concrete Factory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Bertuzzi ◽  
Enedir Ghisi
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Rainwater Tank ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Tank Capacity ◽  
Rainwater Quality ◽  
The Ideal

The objective of this paper is to assess the potential for potable water savings due to rainwater use in a precast concrete factory in southern Brazil. The economic feasibility and the rainwater quality were also assessed. The current water consumption, future water demand and rainwater demand in the factory were estimated. The future demand considered was two times higher than the current water consumption since there are plans to increase the production. Three scenarios were then simulated using the computer programme Netuno. The ideal rainwater tank capacity, the potential for potable water savings and the economic feasibility analysis for each scenario were estimated. Samples of rainwater were collected in the factory and tested for quality for manufacturing precast concrete. For a rainwater tank capacity equal to 25,000 litres, the potential for potable water savings for the first scenario was 55.4%, but the first scenario was considered economically unfeasible. For the same tank capacity, the second and third scenarios presented viable results regarding potable water savings and payback. As for the rainwater quality, it was proven to be adequate for manufacturing precast concrete. The main conclusion is that rainwater can be used to manufacture precast concrete in the factory studied herein.

scholarly journals Rainwater Use in the FAMETRO Manacapuru Unit for Non-Potable Purposes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 243-254
Author(s):  
Raionê Taivan Pereira Pena ◽  
Igor Bezerra de Lima ◽  
David Barbosa de Alencar ◽  
Gisele De Freitas Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Constant Form ◽  
Sustainable System ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Life On Earth

Water is the fundamental element for the existence of life on earth is one of the essential natural resources used by humans. The use of alternative sources of water in public and private bodies has been the most constant form in recent years, this time aiming to reduce the demand for drinking water. The management of water use and the search for alternative sources of supply such as rainwater use fall within the context of sustainable development, which proposes the use of natural resources in a balanced way and without harming future generations. Thus, the design of the reservoir for the use of rainwater at the Manacapuru Metropolitan Faculty of Manacapuru - UEA, by the methods provided by the NBR 15527/2007 guidelines were satisfactory. With ten-year rainfall data from 04/2008 to 12/2017, in the municipality of Manacapuru, the volume found for the reservoir to meet the analyzed rainwater demand was 37.17 m³, with a supply of approximately 80% of non-potable water consumption at Manaus Metropolitan Faculty Manacapuru unit. Thus the economic advantages, the implementation of this sustainable system can bring benefits to the environment, so all the water collected will help to minimize the occurrence of floods and the improper consumption of treated water.

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