scholarly journals Stability of Anthocyanins from Commercial Black Currant Juice under Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alija Uzunović ◽  
Edina Vranić
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Stability

Anthocyanins are effective antioxidants but they have also been proposed to have other biological activities independent of their antioxidant capacities that produce health benefits. Examples range from inhibition of cancer cell growth in vitro, induction of insulin production in isolated pancreatic cells, reduction of starch digestion through inhibition of a-glucosidase activity, suppression of inflammatory responses as well as protection against age-related declines in cognitive behavior and neuronal dysfunction in the central nervous system. However, to achieve any biological effect in a specific tissue or organ, anthocyanins must be bioavailable; i.e. effectively absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) into the circulation and delivered to the appropriate location within the body. In this study, we assess the stability of anthocyanins from commercial Black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) juice using an in vitro digestion procedure that mimics the physiochemical and biochemical conditions encountered in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The main objective of this work was the evaluation of stability of anthocyanins during in vitro digestion in gastric and intestinal fluid regarding whether appropriate enzyme (pepsin or pancreatin) was added or not. Anthocyanins present in commercial black currant juice remain stable during in vitro digestion in gastric fluid regardless whether pepsin was added into the medium or not. Also, they remain stable during in vitro digestion in simulated intestinal fluid without pancreatin. The stability studies of anthocyanins in the intestinal fluid containing pancreatin indicated reduced stability, which also mainly contribute to slight reduction of total anthocyanins content (1,83%-) in commercial black currant juice.

Therapeutic Potential of Vitamin C: An Overview of Various Biological Activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 605-612
Author(s):  
Lata Rani ◽  
Neelam Sharma ◽  
Sukhbir Singh ◽  
Ajmer Singh Grewal
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Age Related

Vitamins are vital nutrients that are required for different body functions properly, and they are provided to the body externally through diet. Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is an essential nutrient that is required for the proper running of different body functions. It is a water-soluble vitamin and lost during the processing of food. The main sources of vitamin C are citrus fruits (kakadu plum, acerola cherries, guavas, kiwi, lemon, lychees, kale, oranges, peaches, tomatoes, black currant, thyme, parsley, rose hips, kale and strawberries), green leafy vegetables (chilli peppers, tomato, sweet yellow peppers, parsley, brussel sprouts, potatoes, mustard spinach and broccoli), fortified cereal and some animals. Vitamin C deficiency leads to scurvy, which mainly affects older, malnourished adults. Vitamin C acts as a strong antioxidant, and this property enriches various biological activities. It is believed that high dose of vitamin C may help in reducing the risk of various diseases like cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, blood pressure, respiratory syndromes, common cold, reproduction, cognitive diseases, skin problems, age-related muscular degeneration, cataract and may enhance immunity. This mini-review article has been planned to discuss sources, deficiency symptoms, daily requirements, therapeutic potential, and various biological activities of vitamin C. Various therapeutic and pharmacological activities of vitamin C will be discussed in detail with suitable examples.

scholarly journals The Formation of Chitosan-Coated Rhamnolipid Liposomes Containing Curcumin: Stability and In Vitro Digestion

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Ce Cheng ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
Liqiang Zou ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Salt Addition ◽  
High Transformation ◽  
Liposomal Delivery ◽  
The Stability

There is growing interest in developing biomaterial-coated liposome delivery systems to improve the stability and bioavailability of curcumin, which is a hydrophobic nutraceutical claimed to have several health benefits. The curcumin-loaded rhamnolipid liposomes (Cur-RL-Lips) were fabricated from rhamnolipid and phospholipids, and then chitosan (CS) covered the surface of Cur-RL-Lips by electrostatic interaction to form CS-coated Cur-RL-Lips. The influence of CS concentration on the physical stability and digestion of the liposomes was investigated. The CS-coated Cur-RL-Lips with RL:CS = 1:1 have a relatively small size (412.9 nm) and positive charge (19.7 mV). The CS-coated Cur-RL-Lips remained stable from pH 2 to 5 at room temperature and can effectively slow the degradation of curcumin at 80 °C; however, they were highly unstable to salt addition. In addition, compared with Cur-RL-Lips, the bioavailability of curcumin in CS-coated Cur-RL-Lips was relatively high due to its high transformation in gastrointestinal tract. These results may facilitate the design of a more efficacious liposomal delivery system that enhances the stability and bioavailability of curcumin in nutraceutical-loaded functional foods and beverages.

Food supplement “carrageenan” and its effect on the organism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.E. Luneva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Experimental Part ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Physiological Processes

Food additives are positioned as harmless, although, their components affectthe physiological processes associated with the permeability of the wall of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and intestinal microbiota. This article describes thecarrageenan supplement and its effects on the body in in vitro and in vivo experiments. The experimental part is devoted to analysis of the intestinalmicrobiota of laboratory rats with the consumption of the carrageenan dietary supplement in the amount of about 4,4 % of the standard feed.

The stability of dsRNA during external applications - an overview.

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
Ivelin Pantchev ◽  
Goritsa Rakleova ◽  
Atanas Atanassov
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Rna Stability ◽  
Research Community ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Plant Feeding ◽  
First Results ◽  
The Stability

Abstract The research community is deeply convinced that RNA is unstable in the environment. Its roots rise from numerous failed attempts to isolate functional cellular RNA molecules. Further support had originated from the fast turnover of RNA in the cells. The situation changed recently with the discovery that externally applied dsRNA can produce targeted gene silencing in plant-feeding insects. First results have demonstrated that external dsRNA can successfully pass the insect gastrointestinal tract and reach its final destination within the body cells. This was somewhat unexpected and sparked new interest in RNA stability in the environment and its fate in the insect organism. In this brief review we make an attempt to summarize current knowledge and to propose a model of how dsRNA can perform its function under these settings.

scholarly journals Effects of Pulsed Electric Field-Assisted Osmotic Dehydration and Edible Coating on the Recovery of Anthocyanins from In Vitro Digested Berries

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Oliveira ◽  
Urszula Tylewicz ◽  
Marco Dalla Rosa ◽  
Thomas Andlid ◽  
Marie Alminger
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Osmotic Dehydration ◽  
Pulsed Electric Field ◽  
Edible Coating ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Berry Fruits ◽  
Shelf Stable ◽  
The Impact

Berry fruits, such as strawberries and blueberries, are rich sources of anthocyanins. Several studies have been made on the impact of non-thermal treatments on safety, shelf-life and nutritional characteristics of such products, but the effects of these processes on anthocyanin stability during digestion in the gastrointestinal tract are still not completely clear. The aim of this study was to assess the recovery of anthocyanins after simulated gastrointestinal digestion of (1) strawberry samples, pre-treated with pulsed electric field (PEF) at 100 or 200 V·cm−1, prior to osmotic dehydration (OD), and (2) blueberry samples coated with chitosan and procyanidin. After digestion, a significantly higher content of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and malvidin-3-O-glucoside was quantified by LC-MS/MS in processed strawberry and blueberry samples, compared with the controls. The highest recovery of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside was detected in digested strawberry samples osmotically dehydrated with trehalose. The recovery of malvidin-3-O-glucoside was highest in digested blueberries coated with chitosan and stored for 14 days, compared with untreated samples or samples coated with chitosan and procyanidin. Our study shows the potential of mild PEF treatments combined with OD, or the use of edible coating, to obtain shelf-stable products without substantially affecting the composition or the stability of anthocyanins during digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract.

G-CSF and Erythropoietin Stability in Amniotic Fluid during Simulated in vitro Digestion Conditions

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 310-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darlene A Calhoun ◽  
Brooke E Richards ◽  
Jason A Gersting ◽  
Sandra E Sullivan ◽  
Robert D Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Preterm Neonate ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Human Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Time Zero ◽  
Simulated Digestion ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stimulating Factor ◽  
Degree Of Degradation

Objective: To determine the stability of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and erythropoietin (Epo) in human amniotic fluid and recombinant G-CSF (Neupogen) and Epo (Epogen) in simulated amniotic fluid to digestions at pH concentrations of 3.2, 4.5, and 5.8 to assess their bioavailability to the neonate. Design: A simulated amniotic fluid containing Neupogen and Epogen was subjected to in vitro conditions that mimicked preprandial and postprandial neonatal intestinal digestion. Human amniotic fluid was tested using identical digestion conditions as well as human amniotic fluid to which Epogen and Neupogen had been added. Main Outcome Measures: The percentages of G-CSF/Epo and Neupogen/Epogen remaining after 1 and 2 hours of simulated digestions were compared with those at time zero, and concentrations at 2 hours were compared with those at 1 hour and time zero. Results: In simulated amniotic fluid at pH 3.2, significant degradation of G-CSF was observed at 1 hour (p = 0.03). No differences were observed at 1 or 2 hours for either pH 4.5 (p = 0.30 and 0.11, respectively) or pH 5.8 (p = 0.20 and 0.49, respectively). Human amniotic fluid exhibited significant degradation pH 3.2 (p = 0.04) and pH 4.5 (p < 0.05) at 1 hour; no difference was noted at pH 5.8 at 1 hour (p = 0.34). When additional Neupogen was added to human amniotic fluid, significant degradation was observed at pH 3.2 (p < 0.05) and pH 4.5 (p = 0.03) at 1 hour; no difference was noted at 1 hour at pH 5.8 (p = 0.11). In simulated amniotic fluid at pH 3.2, significant degradation of Epo occurred at 1 hour (p < 0.05). There were no differences at 1 hour for pH 4.5 (p = 0.50) or pH 5.8 (p = 0.17). Human amniotic fluid exhibited significant degradation at pH 3.2 (p < 0.05) and pH 4.5 (p < 0.05) at 1 hour; no difference was noted at 1 hour at pH 5.8 (p = 0.34). When additional Epogen was added to human amniotic fluid, significant degradation was observed at pH 3.2 (p = 0.001) and pH 4.5 (p = 0.003); no difference was noted at 1 hour at pH 5.8 (p = 0.31). Conclusions: G-CSF/Epo in human amniotic fluid and Neupogen/Epogen in simulated amniotic fluid are preserved to varying degrees during simulated digestion conditions. The degree of degradation of both cytokines was time- and pH-dependent. Measurable quantities of G-CSF and Epo are biologically available when swallowed by the fetus or a preterm neonate.

scholarly journals Anti-adipogenic and anti-obesity activities of purpurin in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells and in mice fed a high-fat diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo Nam ◽  
Seok Hyun Nam ◽  
Sung Phil Kim ◽  
Carol Levin ◽  
Mendel Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Fat ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Triglyceride Accumulation ◽  
In Cells

Abstract Background The body responds to overnutrition by converting stem cells to adipocytes. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown polyphenols and other natural compounds to be anti-adipogenic, presumably due in part to their antioxidant properties. Purpurin is a highly antioxidative anthraquinone and previous studies on anthraquinones have reported numerous biological activities in cells and animals. Anthraquinones have also been used to stimulate osteoblast differentiation, an inversely-related process to that of adipocyte differentiation. We propose that due to its high antioxidative properties, purpurin administration might attenuate adipogenesis in cells and in mice. Methods Our study will test the effect purpurin has on adipogenesis using both in vitro and in vivo models. The in vitro model consists of tracking with various biomarkers, the differentiation of pre-adipocyte to adipocytes in cell culture. The compound will then be tested in mice fed a high-fat diet. Murine 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells were stimulated to differentiate in the presence or absence of purpurin. The following cellular parameters were measured: intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), membrane potential of the mitochondria, ATP production, activation of AMPK (adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase), insulin-induced lipid accumulation, triglyceride accumulation, and expression of PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ) and C/EBPα (CCAAT enhancer binding protein α). In vivo, mice were fed high fat diets supplemented with various levels of purpurin. Data collected from the animals included anthropometric data, glucose tolerance test results, and postmortem plasma glucose, lipid levels, and organ examinations. Results The administration of purpurin at 50 and 100 μM in 3T3-L1 cells, and at 40 and 80 mg/kg in mice proved to be a sensitive range: the lower concentrations affected several measured parameters, whereas at the higher doses purpurin consistently mitigated biomarkers associated with adipogenesis, and weight gain in mice. Purpurin appears to be an effective antiadipogenic compound. Conclusion The anthraquinone purpurin has potent in vitro anti-adipogenic effects in cells and in vivo anti-obesity effects in mice consuming a high-fat diet. Differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells was dose-dependently inhibited by purpurin, apparently by AMPK activation. Mice on a high-fat diet experienced a dose-dependent reduction in induced weight gain of up to 55%.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Copolymeric Resveratrol Conjugates

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Jing Ng ◽  
Heather A. E. Benson ◽  
David H. Brown ◽  
Yan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Micelle Formation ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
The Body ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Cardioprotective Drug

Resveratrol (RSV), naturally found in plants, is known to have health benefits and has been proposed as a potential anticancer and cardioprotective drug. However, due to its molecular structure, it undergoes rapid metabolism in the body resulting in low bioavailability. Novel polymeric methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (mPEG-PCL) RSV conjugates with varying PCL chain lengths have been synthesised and formulated into micelles and/or nanoparticles for preliminaryin vitrostability studies. RSV conjugated with mPEG2000-PCL9500 was found to have improved solubility and stability of RSV as compared to RSV alone. The length of the PCL chain was found to affect the micelle formation, hence the stability in physiological buffers and rat plasma.

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