scholarly journals Tata Ruang Kosmologis Masyarakat Adat Kampung Naga berbasis Naskah Sunda Kuno

LOKABASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Elis Suryani Nani Sumarlina ◽  
Rangga Saptya Mohamad Permana ◽  
Undang Ahmad Darsa
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
The World ◽  
Human World ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Ideal

Cosmologically, humans are seen as the microcosm of the universe whose entire life must always carry out all the torments or teachings of the Sanghyang Darma. That is the ideal human who can reach eternal heaven or nirvana according to the Sanghyang Raga Dewata (SRD) manuscript, one of the lontar manuscripts and the ancient Sundanese language of the sixteenth century AD. The cosmological concept of spatial Sundanese society, based on several Sundanese manuscripts of the XVI century AD, is triad, triune or triumvirate. Sundanese people have a view of parallels between the macrocosm and the microcosm, between the universe and the human world. This order seeks to find the meaning of the world according to its existence. This paper presents the cosmological layout of the Kampung Naga indigenous people, based on the Ancient Sundanese XVI century AD, which is examined through descriptive analysis research methods, and philological and cultural studies methods. The cosmological concept of the Kampung Naga community is closely related to the concept known as Tri Tangtu Di Bumi, which includes ‘tata wilayah', 'tata wayah', and 'tata lampah', all of which are interconnected with one another, according to their customs and traditions. AbstrakSecara kosmologis, manusia dipandang sebagai mikrokosmosnya jagat raya, seluruh kehidupannya harus selalu menjalankan segala siksa atau ajaran Sanghyang Darma.  Itulah manusia ideal yang kelak dapat mencapai surga abadi atau nirwana menurut naskah Sanghyang Raga Dewata (SRD), salah satu naskah lontar beraksara dan berbahasa Sunda kuno abad ke-16 Masehi. Konsep tata ruang masyarakat Sunda secara kosmologis, berdasarkan beberapa naskah Sunda abad  ke-16 Masehi, bersifat tiga serangkai, tritunggal atau triumvirate. Masyarakat Sunda memiliki pandangan tentang kesejajaran antara makrokosmos dan mikrokosmos, antara jagat raya dan dunia manusia. Dalam tatanan ini, berupaya mencari makna dunia menurut eksistensinya. Tulisan ini menyajikan kosmologis tata ruang masyarakat adat Kampung Naga, berbasis naskah Sunda Kuno abad ke-16 Masehi, yang dikaji melalui metode penelitian deskriptif analisis, dan kajian filologi dan budaya. Konsep kosmologis masyarakat Kampung Naga seperti itu, berkaitan erat dengan konsep yang dikenal dengan sebutan Tri Tangtu di Bumi, yang meliputi ‘tata wilayah’, ‘tata wayah’,  dan‘tata lampah’, yang ketiganya saling berhubungan satu sama lain, sesuai dengan adat dan tradisi mereka.

scholarly journals The symbol of «heart» in the linguophilosophical concept of H. Skovoroda

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 211-217
Author(s):  
Lilia Ruskulis ◽  
◽  
Inna Rodionova ◽  
Rymma Maiboroda ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Actions ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
The World ◽  
Human World ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Ideal

The article examines the linguistic and philosophical research of H. Skovoroda – a symbolic perception and interpretation of the world around. It was found out that the thinker sought to allegorically interpret the Bible, which he perceived as the only reliable source of happiness, he believed that the world of the Bible is the ideal otherness of the human world (microcosmos) and the universe (macrocosmos). The authors of the article analyzed one of the brightest symbols of the linguist – the symbol of the heart, which is the basis of all human actions, bad and good thoughts, the place where thoughts and feelings are born and grow, where the truth opens, this symbol is the center of human moral actions, his inherent thinking and will.

Symbolic Macroconcept of the Universe in the Aspect of the First Cognitive Sign in Russian Linguoculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-101
Author(s):  
Marina V. Pimenova ◽  
◽  
Aigul A. Bakirova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Part ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The World ◽  
Symbolic Meanings ◽  
New Type ◽  
Human World ◽  
Internal Volume ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Universe Structure ◽  
The Universe

The article analyzes the cognitive signs of the macroconcept universe in Russian linguoculture. The relevance of the research is determined by the prospect of studying a new type of mental structures - symbolic macroconcepts. The purpose of the article is to describe the specifics of the macroconcept universe structure formation from the standpoint of the definition of syncretic primordial signs. The main methods in the work are the historical and etymological analysis of the studied macroconcept representative, descriptive and interpretive methods. During the study, seven motivating signs of the macroconcept universe were noted: 'earth', 'live', ‘world’，‘inhabit’，‘inhabited’，‘settlement’，‘light’. All identified motivating signs are syncretic symbolic primordial signs 'house' (conceptum, according to V. V. Kolesov). Motivating signs express two main symbolic meanings of Russian linguoculture: home is a place where people live, settle; home is the world of people and all living beings, this world-light (unlike that world-light where the souls of the dead go: that world-light is located in the sky), it is built on earth. The macroconcept universe is objectified by erased metaphors of a closed space (in particular, the metaphor of a key), which has an internal volume, center-middle, limits, parts, edges, corners, people live in this house, they live and exist in it, it is inhabited and settle down in Russian linguoculture. The model of the universe in the Russian language picture of the world is three-parted: the middle part in it represents the human world, in which the principle of anthropocentrism is manifested - a person measures space and chooses himself as a reference point. The syncretic primary sign ‘house’ unites in itself all the motivating signs of the studied macroconcept, keeping their relevance to our days. Keywords: macroconcept, motivating signs, first sign, language picture of the world, linguoculture, comparative studies

scholarly journals La división cósmica de las labores terrenales. Interacción entre humanos y no-humanos en los campos de cultivo ette

Tabula rasa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Camilo Niño Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Shifting Cultivation ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Slash And Burn ◽  
The World ◽  
Sacred Forests ◽  
Cultivation Techniques ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Game Animals

The simplicity commonly attributed to the Ette of northern Colombia disappears once the borders of human society are crossed and the relations maintained with other inhabitants of the world emerge. The existence of different ontological orders and the density of the network that bring together humans and non-humans is particularly notable in the cultivated fields. These indigenous people transform sacred forests into profane gardens and profane gardens into wastelands through an original combination of shifting cultivation techniques, including slash-and-mulch, slash-and-burn and fallow. While triggering those processes, they establish relationships of domination, reciprocity and subordination with rain deities and forest spirits, wild trees and crops, and, among other entities, game animals and bestial creatures. Far from being a set of knowledge and practices aimed towards the satisfaction of material needs, agriculture is permeated by the modes of identification and relatedness that shape the universe thought of and experienced by the Ette.

Machines

On Purpose ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 42-60
Author(s):  
Michael Ruse
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Real Change ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Revolution

This chapter discusses the Scientific Revolution that is dated from the publication of Nicolaus Copernicus's On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres in 1543, the work that put the sun rather than the earth at the center of the universe to Isaac Newton's Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy in 1687, the work that gave the causal underpinnings of the whole system as developed over the previous one hundred and fifty years. Historian Rupert Hall put his finger precisely on the real change that occurred in the revolution. It was not so much the physical theories, although these were massive and important. It was rather a change of metaphors or models—from that of an organism to that of a machine. By the sixteenth century, machines were becoming ever more common and ever more sophisticated. It was natural therefore for people to start thinking of the world—the universe—as a machine, especially since some of the most elaborate of the new machines were astronomical clocks that had the planets and the sun and moon moving through the heavens, not by human force but by predestined contraptions. In a word, by clockwork!

scholarly journals The King in Shakespeare's artistic universe: a metaphysical aspect

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 93-110
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav A. Letin ◽  
◽  
Grigory A. Dobrynin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Christian Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
The Ideal

The article shows the place of the sovereign's image in Shakespeare's artistic universe. The aim of this study is to analyse the place and role of the monarch in Shakespeare's artistic universe in the metaphysical context of the Renaissance worldview. The study is based on the texts of Shakespeare' s tragedies, comedies and «romantic» plays. The paper regards the figure of the ruler in comparison with his marginal antagonist, the fool, in terms of antinomianism of Christian culture. The narrative and motif-based analysis establishes the places of the sovereign and the fool (and his invariants) in the metaphysical space of Shakespeare's 'theatre of the world' and reveals the set of their specific external and internal characteristics. Cultural studies of Shakespeare's representations of this antinomian couple reveals the tragic guilt of the ruler who gives in to passions (ambition, lust, anger), as a result of which the monarch's ability to maintain order is lost. The disruption of world harmony in the space of Shakespeare's plays is considered in three aspects: spatial, family and existential. This, in turn, is reflected at the metaphysical level, causing natural anomalies and cataclysms. In accordance with this, the article highlights the specificity of the motifs related to this antinomic pair: harmony, sanity, honour (the king); disharmony, madness, sensuality and death (the fool). The authors identify how the king and the fool interact in the context of marginalisation of the ruler's persona. The metaphysical chaos of existence, the result of the power crisis, leads to the fact that the fool and the king swap places in Shakespeare's artistic universe following the game of elements, the game of costumes, the game of words. The paper concludes that the image of the king, occupies one of the key places in Shakespeare's artistic universe. In the gallery of sovereigns created by Shakespeare, the Renaissance image of the ideal ruler is presented in the context of the tendencies of the next historical and cultural epoch – the Baroque.

scholarly journals Augmenting Students’ Speaking Skill Through Vlog as an Innovation in Learning

Syntax Idea ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 1782
Author(s):  
Ainan Salsabila
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Research Methods ◽  
Creative Potential ◽  
Research Article ◽  
The World ◽  
Speaking Skill

In this era of globalization, technology media has become an important role that can be used in the world of education. Especially vlog can be used as content to explore creative potential for everyone to augment speaking skills. Vlog defines as the documentation using video component as a medium media to record that they want to talk about it. The purpose of this research article of the innovation in learning through vlog is to augment students’ confidence speaking skill in their classroom. The data of this research used case study in the form of descriptive analysis using qualitative research methods. Data collection techniques were collected by observation of eight grader graduate in SMP Darul Ulum Depok. The results of this research revealed that after the students conducted the vlog, the students successfully in the criteria points for improving speaking skill and they more enjoy in speaking performance. Besides, the use innovation through vlog can enhanced students’ fluency, pronunciation, vocabulary, and good performance.

scholarly journals LANDASAN FILOSOFIS PEMBERDAYAAN KOMUNITAS ADAT TERPENCIL

Sosio Informa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rusmin Tumanggor
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
World View ◽  
The World ◽  
The Universe

Peoples had equality of living right. To moved, to creation, to critics, to request or to reject, obedient or denial, to defend our self in all of situation to fulfill the opinion of living need. This condition must be democratic protection. The bone as much white, the blood as much red, to ramble and to buried around in the surface of the world. World view of Manado, “all of peoplesalways friendship”, World view of Melayu “The world where to stand, there the sky to uphold”. To share joys and sorrows, utopist of Indonesia. The meaning of lived reality everybody separated with the differences, especially for the indigenous people. So, we must build their solidarity to improve their live and leave the backward. The concept of philosophy based on the universe components.Key Words : philosophy, empowerment, indigenous people

Introduction

1991 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Keyword(s):  
Way Of Life ◽  
Loving Kindness ◽  
Moses Maimonides ◽  
The World ◽  
Virtuous Life ◽  
Active Intellect ◽  
Guide Of The Perplexed ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Ideal

This introductory chapter provides an overview of Moses Maimonides’ discourse. Was the ideal of human perfection theoretical or practical? For Maimonides, it appears, the ultimate vision vouchsafed man is not a union with the active intellect, nor with the spiritual forms; it is contemplation of God’s governance in the world, of the orderly structure of the universe. True human perfection, then, is achieving, according to one’s capacity, apprehension of God and knowledge of his providence as expressed in creation and in his governance of the world. Having attained this apprehension, the way of life of this person will be assimilation to divine actions, and this comes about by always pursuing loving-kindness, righteousness, and judgement. Maimonides’ Guide of the Perplexed ends on this motif of assimilation to divine actions. Representing contrasting viewpoints and interpretations, this book discusses the contrast between Maimonides’ ideal of human perfection as intellectual fulfilment achieved in solitude and his extolling a virtuous life pursued within society.

The Lyre and the Cloak

2020 ◽  
pp. 243-276
Author(s):  
Emma Gee
Keyword(s):  
Ideal World ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Complete Synthesis ◽  
The World ◽  
Spherical Universe ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Ideal

This chapter studies Plato’s Phaedo. In the Phaedo, the afterlife journey and the synoptic vision of the universe are collapsed into one another. In the myth of the dialogue, we are all, all the time, said to be on an underworld journey, since we live in the “creases” of the earth, not on its surface. At the same time, the True Earth of the Phaedo mirrors in its shape the spherical universe of the vision, as we also see it in the Spindle of Necessity in Plato’s Republic, and in the flight of souls around the universe in Plato’s Phaedrus. The Phaedo is a true geography of soul, in that the fate of the soul is integrated with the shape and motive forces of the earth seen as a whole. What we have in the Phaedo is a complete synthesis of the mythical underworld with the “geographic” earth. Tartarus (Phaedo 111e7–112e3) is the lowest point of the world, but it is also the center of the sphere. The result of Plato’s assimilation of the underworld, the landscape of the soul, with the “scientific” earth, is that earth and soul become analogous. They can be studied in the same way. In the ideal world, the universe itself is our eschatology.

scholarly journals Konstruksi Masyarakat Jawa Kuno terhadap Transgender Perempuan pada Abad ke 9-14 M

AMERTA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Muhamad Alnoza ◽  
Dian Sulistyowati
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
The Past ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
The World ◽  
Bisexual And Transgender ◽  
Human World ◽  
Trans Women ◽  
Important Position

Abstract. The Construction of Ancient Java Community Towards Transgender Women in The 9th-14th Centuries. Transwomen in Indonesia are easily recognized by one's physical appearance. The survey stated that 89.3% of LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) groups have experienced discrimination and violence. The views of the Indonesian people towards transgender women today are influenced by the perspectives and constructions of society in the past. This paper is to reconstruct how the perspective of the ancient Javanese society towards trans women. Thepurpose of this research is to find the origin of the current Indonesian people's view of transgender women from past references. This study uses a descriptive analysis approach through the stages of data collection, analysis, and interpretation. It can be seen that the construction of society during the Javanese era considered transgender people as a group of people with disabilities. In addition to these constructions, for the royal group, trans women are part of the king's servants who have magical and political powers. Thus, trans women had an important position and privileges in the ancient Javanese kingdom. The position of transgender women can also be understood as an archipelago tradition, which places transwomen as a link between the human world and the world of gods, as can be found in bissu in South Sulawesi. Abstrak. Golongan transpuan di Indonesia mudah dikenali melalui penampilan fisik seseorang. Survei menyebutkan bahwa 89,3% kelompok LGBT (lesbian, gay, biseksual, dan transgender) telah mengalami diskriminasi dan kekerasan. Pandangan masyarakat Indonesia terhadap transpuan dewasa ini dipengaruhi oleh perspektif dan konstruksi masyarakat pada masa lalu. Tulisan ini dimaksudkan untuk merekonstruksi bagaimana perspektif masyarakat Jawa Kuno terhadap transpuan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mencari permulaan pandangan masyarakat Indonesia saat ini terhadap transpuan dari referensi masa lampau. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskripsi analisis melalui tahap pengumpulan data, analisis, dan interpretasi. Dapat diketahui bahwa konstruksi masyarakat pada masa Jawa Kuno menganggap transpuan sebagai golongan disabilitas. Di samping konstruksi tersebut, bagi golongan kerajaan, transpuan merupakan bagian dari abdi raja yang memiliki kekuatan magis dan politis. Dengan demikian, transpuan memiliki posisi yang penting dan hak-hak istimewa dalam kerajaan zaman Jawa Kuno. Posisi transpuan tersebut juga dapat dipahami sebagai suatu tradisi khas Nusantara, yang menempatkan transpuan sebagai penghubung dunia manusia dan dunia dewa, sebagaimana dapat dijumpai pula pada bissu di Sulawesi Selatan.

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