scholarly journals Perkembangan Teknologi Komunikasi dan Sumbangannya kepada Pentadbiran British dan Masyarakat di Negeri-Negeri Selat 1902-1938

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-125
Author(s):  
Kuan Wei Koh ◽  
◽  
Zubaidah V. P. Hamzah ◽  
Azlizan Mat Enh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technology ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Administration System ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Transmission Of Information ◽  
Efficient Communication ◽  
Colonial Office

The Development of the Communication Technology and Its Contributions to the British Administration and Society in Straits Settlements 1902-1938 ABSTRACT A communication system is an important element in facilitating the administration as well as providing communication facilities to the local community. The economic development and changes in the British administration system in the Straits Settlements led the British administration to introduce a modern communication system in the Straits Settlements to facilitate the transmission of information. Most of the previous research on communication is focusing on the development of the transportation system as compared to the communication system. Hence, the objective of this study is to identify the efforts taken by the British in developing communication technology in the Straits Settlements dan its contributions to the administration and the local community. The methodology used for this study is qualitative. The analysis is based on the historical method by making primary sources the main source of analysis. Among the files that were referred to are colonial files CO273 Colonial Office: Straits Settlements Original Correspondence and CO275 Colonial Office: Straits Settlements Sessional Papers. This research shows that there are various efforts taken by the British in the Straits Settlements to develop a perfect and efficient communication system. This includes efforts to improvise the telephone and telegraph facilities by upgrading existing cables of communication. The telephone and telegraph cables were added all over the Straits Settlements which subsequently widened the network of communication to the other Malay States. Wireless technology was also introduced in Singapore and Penang to provide communication that is modern and sophisticated during that era. The transformation in the communication system in the Straits Settlements has contributed to the smooth running of the administration as well as bringing social and economic benefits. Keywords: Communication technology, British administration, Straits Settlements, social service, disseminating information.

scholarly journals The Trade of Sago in Ambon, 1880-1900

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-154
Author(s):  
Putri Maya Masyitah ◽  
Endang Susilowati ◽  
Singgih Tri Sulistiyono
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Commercial Crop ◽  
The Government ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
The 19Th Century

During the late 19th century, sago in Ambon turned out not only to be a subsistence crop used as a staple food, but also as a commercial crop. Historical sources shown that sago became one of the important commodities in trade in the 19th century, as one of the commodities that affected the economy of the Ambonese people and the colonial government. Sago became a prominent commodity when the spices trade decreased. So, there is commercialization process of sago as an important trade commodity. In this connection, this article examines several issues, the sago became a strategic commodity and the role of sago in the Ambonese economy during 1880-1900. It is analyzed by using the historical method, which emphasized on primary sources based on official reports in the form of colonial publications. According to the study, between 1880 -1900 it was known that the local community and colonial government traded the sago. One interesting thing is that aside from being a staple food, sago is also used as a currency that is bartered with other commodities that have the same value. For the colonial government, sago became a commercial commodity that was quite productive, even having become an export commodity to various countries, such as Singapore and Europe. The colonial government sold sago in various forms such as bundles, basketry, slabs, flour, and grains. In addition, the government also rents sago lands to Christians and Muslims merchants for a specified period and cost.

SENTRALISASI ISLAM MARJINAL

2017 ◽  
pp. 83-112
Author(s):  
Lukmanul Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Primary Sources ◽  
Historical Criticism ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
Ibn Khaldun ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Third ◽  
Work First

This paper aims to analyze the thoughts of Hamka in Malay Islamic Nysties Historiography. The method used is historical method, especially historiography approach. Characteristic of Hamka's work; First, writing techniques; Not using footnotes, style of language; Simple, alive, and communicative. The sources used by Hamka can be grouped into three groups; Primary sources, historical books composed by Muslim authors themselves; Second, the second source of material is the Dutch and British writers' writings on Indonesia and the Malay Land; Third, the third source of material materials that allegedly most of the writers of Islamic history in Indonesia did not get it. While from the Method of Historical Criticism, according to Hamka there are two ways to write history among Muslims; First collecting all the facts wherever it comes from, no matter whether the facts make sense or not, what needs to be taken care of is where this history is received. Second, judging the facts and giving their own opinions, after the facts were collected, this is the system used by Ibn Khaldun.

AD EXEMPLUM SUSTAINABLE ACCOMMODATION PRACTICES ON THE BULGARIAN BLACK SEA COAST

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katina Popova ◽  
◽  
Miroslava Malcheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Sea Coast

Tourism in Bulgaria is a cross cutting sector of particular importance for unemployment and poverty eradication. As a source of foreign exchange earnings and direct investments it ensures viable medium and long-term economic benefits for both the destination and the local community. In recent years, the sustainable development of tourism on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast is seriously threatened, mainly due to the consequences of mass sea tourism, the short-sighted use of available resources and the territorial concentration of accommodation facilities. The aim of the present study is to establish the achievements of the hospitality business on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast in terms of sustainability and environmentally friendly lifestyle.

scholarly journals Utilization of Information and Communication Technology in Coordination Between the National Library with the Provincial Library

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Dimas A. Gammayani ◽  
Irham Hanif Nabawi ◽  
Muhammad Irsyad Alfatih
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Participatory Approach ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
National Library ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Economical Benefit ◽  
Information And Communication

Changes are rapidly occur in this world, especially developments in the field of information and communication technology. Man must be able to adjust quickly to keep up. Developments in information and communication technology has made it easier for people in work. Utilization of information and communication technology are expected to make work performed by humans is more effective and efficient. National Library of Indonesia mandated by Law No. 43 of 2007 as an adviser to all types of libraries throughout Indonesia. In carrying out the task, the National Library should coordinate with local government including the provincial government, represented by the provincial library which can be said to represent the provincial government in the affairs of the library. National Library of Indonesia in coordination with the provincial library has been facilitated by information and communication technology such as telephone, fax and internet. In addition, coordination can also be done through conventional correspondency or direct face to face. This study tried to define which communication system that is commonly used by the National Library of Indonesia when coordinating with the provincial library and the reasons that lie behind them. The method used in this research is descriptive with a participatory approach, the researchers and respondents are equal and shared a mutual cooperation. This research indicates that face-to-face coordination is more preferred, because face-to-face coordination offers a social and economical benefit.

scholarly journals Proficient Car Parking System Based on Cluster Head Routing Protocol Utilizing IEEE 802.15.4

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (06) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Razi Iqbal ◽  
Sharif Arif ◽  
H.H.R Sherazi
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technology ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Power Efficient ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Efficient Communication ◽  
Parking System ◽  
The Coordinator

The paper discusses a proposed model for car parking system based on cluster head routing protocol utilizing a low cost and power efficient communication technology, ZigBee (IEEE 802.15.4). The model is designed in a way that car parking is divided into different clusters and each cluster has a head which acts a messenger for transmitting information to other heads and the coordinator of the network. Each cluster head is a ZigBee Host (Router) which collects the information of car presence in the parking slot. This information is then passed to the coordinator of the network which is used to display the information of available parking slots in a specific car parking area. Since there is only one coordinator in the network, so heads can transmit information to the coordinator using multi-hop communication if direct communication is not possible. Several simulations were performed to gauge the efficiency of the proposed model, and results show that the proposed model is reliable in communication and efficient in its operation.

scholarly journals Community perception of heritage values regarding a global monument in Ghana: Implications for sustainable heritage management

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justice Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Local People ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
The People ◽  
Limited Opportunity

Purpose Scholarly discourses regarding heritage values for sustainable heritage management abound in heritage literature but appear elitist as they tend to exclude the perspectives of the people at the lower echelons of society. The study explored the values ascribed to a global heritage monument by the people living around a global heritage site in Ghana and the implications of their perceptual values for sustainable heritage management. Design/methodology/approach This study used the qualitative design. It was guided by Costin’s heritage values, community attachment theory and values-based approach to heritage management. Data was gathered from the local people living close to the heritage site, and the staff of Museums and Monuments Board at the heritage site. Data were gathered through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews and analysed using the thematic approach and most significant stories. Findings The results revealed that the local people were aware of the economic, aesthetic, historic, symbolic and informational values of the heritage monument but showed little attachment to the monument. The main reasons for the low attachment were the limited opportunity for them to participate in the management of the monument, and the limited opportunity for direct economic benefits from the heritage asset. Research limitations/implications A comprehensive understanding of heritage monument management that reflects the perspectives and values of the local people is imperative. Practical implications United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation and Ghana Museums and Monuments Board could consider a more community-inclusive heritage management framework that takes cognizance of local values and perspectives to ensure sustainable heritage management and development. Social implications The values and perspectives of the local community matter in heritage management. The heritage authorities need to engage more with the community people and educate them on the best practices regarding the sustainable management of World Heritage Sites. Originality/value This paper argues that the management of global heritage sites should not be elitist in orientation and character. It should respect the principle of community participation for inclusive development.

scholarly journals The Ombudsman Institution as a mechanism of accountability in public administration: The case of GermanyKamu yönetiminde hesap verebilirlik mekanizması olarak Ombudsmanlık Kurumu: Almanya örneği

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 2735
Author(s):  
Sefa Usta ◽  
Abdulvahap Akıncı
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Administration System ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Accountability Mechanism

In the formation of a transparent and accountable public administration system and an understanding of administration, such institutions like the Ombudsman have important functions. The Ombudsman Institution, which undertakes an effective role in the solution of the problems experienced between the state and the citizen, has important responsibilities to institutionalize human rights and democratization, reduce the bad administration practices and most importantly, make the accountability mechanism the built-in in public administration. The Ombudsman Institution, which has been formed with different names in many countries in the world, has been established in Germany with the name of “the Defense Ombudsman,” and it carries out its activities under this framework.The main objective of the study is to examine the Ombudsman Institution as an extension of accountability mechanism in public administration and to asses “the Defense Ombudsman Institution”, which operates in Germany. Under the study prepared for this purpose, it is treated the concept of accountability in public administration with its general terms and examined the Ombudsman Institution, departing from the case of Germany. The study is terminated with an overview and a chapter of conclusion.In the study, it has been benefited from the scientific methods of descriptive analysis and critical review of the literature and set out from the secondary sources written about the subject and the primary sources like constitutional and legal regulations that are the basis of the Ombudsman Institution in Germany. ÖzetŞeffaf ve hesap verebilir bir kamu yönetimi sisteminin ve yönetim anlayışının oluşumunda Ombudsmanlık benzeri kurumlara önemli işlevler düşmektedir. Devlet ve vatandaş arasında yaşanan sorunların çözümü noktasında etkili bir rol üstlenen ombudsmanlık kurumuna, insan haklarının ve demokratikleşmenin kurumsallaşmasında, kötü yönetim uygulamalarının azaltılmasında ve en önemlisi kamu yönetiminde hesap verebilirlik mekanizmasının yerleşik hale gelmesinde önemli sorumluluklar düşmektedir. Dünyada birçok ülkede farklı adlarla oluşturulmuş olan Ombudsmanlık Kurumu, Almanya'da Savunma Ombudsmanlığı ismiyle kurulmuş ve faaliyetlerini yürütmektedir.Çalışmanın temel amacı, kamu yönetiminde hesap verebilirlik mekanizmasının bir uzantısı olarak Ombudsmanlık kurumunun incelenerek, Almanya'da faaliyet gösteren "Savunma Ombudsmanlığı Kurumu"nun değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmasıdır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda hazırlanan çalışma kapsamında, kamu yönetiminde hesap verebilirlik kavramı genel hatlarıyla ele alınmakta, Ombudsmanlık Kurumu Almanya örneğinden hareketle irdelenmektedir. Çalışma genel bir değerlendirme ve sonuç kısmıyla nihayetlendirilmektedir.Bu kapsamda hazırlanan çalışmada, betimsel analiz yönteminden ve eleştirel literatür taramasından yararlanılmış, konu ile ilgili yazılmış ikinci kaynaklardan ve Almanya'da Ombudsmanlık Kurumu'nun dayanağı olan anayasal ve yasal düzenlemeler gibi birincil kaynaklardan faydalanılmıştır.

scholarly journals The history of the creation of lasers and analysis of the impact of their application in the material processing on the development of certain industries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-149
Author(s):  
Artemii Bernatskyi ◽  
Vladyslav Khaskin
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Laser Technology ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Stable Growth ◽  
Patent Wars ◽  
The Impact

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the history of the creation of the laser as one of the greatest technical inventions of the 20th century. This paper focuses on establishing a relation between the periodization of the stages of creation and implementation of certain types of lasers, with their influence on the invention of certain types of equipment and industrial technologies for processing the materials, the development of certain branches of the economy, and scientific-technological progress as a whole. In preparing the paper, the generally accepted methods, which are widely used in the preparation of historical research works, have been applied: the historical method – for the study and interpretation of the texts of primary sources and the search for other evidence used for research, as well as for the presentation of historical events associated with the development of laser technology; the historical-genetic method – for studying the genesis of specific historical phenomena and analyzing the causality of changes in the development of laser technology; the historical-critical method – for displaying cause-and-effect relationships, reconstructing events that influenced the development of laser technology; the method of historical periodization. The variety of different possible options for the use of lasers did not allow placing all the collected materials within the framework of one paper, and therefore, the authors have decided to dwell on the facts, which, in the opinion of the paper’s authors, are the most interesting, significant, poorly studied, and little known. The paper discusses the stages of: invention of the first laser; creation of the first commercial lasers; development of the first applications of lasers in industrial technologies for processing the materials. Special attention is paid to the “patent wars” that accompanied different stages of the creation of lasers. A comparative analysis of the market development for laser technology from the stage of creation to the present has been carried out. It has been shown that the modern market for laser technology continues to develop actively, as evidenced by the continued stable growth of laser sales over the past 10 years. This indicates that the demand for laser technology is inextricably linked with the development of high technology production and scientific-technological progress. The analysis has shown that recently, the trends in the use of laser technology have changed; in particular, their industrial and medical applications are decreasing, while there is an increase in their use in the fields of sensor production and communication.

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