scholarly journals Preliminary evaluation of associated viruses in production systems of cape gooseberry, purple passion fruit, and rose

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 390-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Cutler ◽  
Juliane Langer ◽  
Susanne Von Bargen ◽  
Orlando Acosta-Losada ◽  
Fánor Casierra-Posada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Purple Passion Fruit ◽  
Cape Gooseberry

Plant viruses may pose a threat to crops in Colombia. To evaluate the potential risk of yield losses due to plant virus infection, a literature analysis followed by a first field study was carried out focusing on purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims), cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.), and ornamental rose (Rosa sp.), which are important Colombian exports. Over the past three years, plant material was collected from 21 farms in Cundinamarca and Boyacá, Colombia, two regions that are in close proximity to El Dorado International Airport, the country’s largest air freight terminal. Plants were visually inspected and subsequently tested by bioassay and serological methods. Overall, in the samples investigated by the two diagnostic methods, plant viruses were detected. Detected viruses belong to the genus Poty-, Tobamo-, Nepo-, Ilar-, and Tospovirus. The extent of the distribution and occurrence of these viruses in each crop has to be determined in a representative field study. Such a monitoring program could be supported by a standardized farmer interview. The development of suitable plant virus diagnostic and managements tools is the focus of a cooperation project between German and Colombian universities, the Colombian Agricultural Institute (ICA), the Colombian Corporation of Agricultural Investigation (AGROSAVIA) and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT).

scholarly journals Plant Viruses Infecting Solanaceae Family Members in the Cultivated and Wild Environments: A Review

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Hančinský ◽  
Daniel Mihálik ◽  
Michaela Mrkvová ◽  
Thierry Candresse ◽  
Miroslav Glasa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Virus ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Ecological Interface ◽  
Solanaceae Family

Plant viruses infecting crop species are causing long-lasting economic losses and are endangering food security worldwide. Ongoing events, such as climate change, changes in agricultural practices, globalization of markets or changes in plant virus vector populations, are affecting plant virus life cycles. Because farmer’s fields are part of the larger environment, the role of wild plant species in plant virus life cycles can provide information about underlying processes during virus transmission and spread. This review focuses on the Solanaceae family, which contains thousands of species growing all around the world, including crop species, wild flora and model plants for genetic research. In a first part, we analyze various viruses infecting Solanaceae plants across the agro-ecological interface, emphasizing the important role of virus interactions between the cultivated and wild zones as global changes affect these environments on both local and global scales. To cope with these changes, it is necessary to adjust prophylactic protection measures and diagnostic methods. As illustrated in the second part, a complex virus research at the landscape level is necessary to obtain relevant data, which could be overwhelming. Based on evidence from previous studies we conclude that Solanaceae plant communities can be targeted to address complete life cycles of viruses with different life strategies within the agro-ecological interface. Data obtained from such research could then be used to improve plant protection methods by taking into consideration environmental factors that are impacting the life cycles of plant viruses.

scholarly journals TEORES E ACÚMULOS DE NUTRIENTES EM MUDAS DE MARACUJAZEIROS SOB SALINIDADE HÍDRICA E USO DE URINA DE VACA

Nativa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-475
Author(s):  
José Lucínio de Oliveira Freire ◽  
Gislaine dos Santos Nascimento ◽  
Ana Karoliny De Assis Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Purple Passion Fruit

A produção de mudas é uma das etapas mais importantes em sistemas produtivos de frutos, sendo a sua boa nutrição mineral um dos atributos que podem resultar em bom índice de qualidade. Objetivou-se avaliar a concentração e os acúmulos de macronutrientes e sódio em mudas de maracujazeiros produzidas com aplicação de urina de vaca e águas salinas. O experimento foi conduzido, em estufa de cobertura plástica, no Instituto Federal da Paraíba – campus Picuí, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, no arranjo fatorial 2×2×2, correspondente a duas espécies de maracujazeiro (amarelo e roxo), dois níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (0,5 dS m-1 e 3,5 dS m-1) e aplicação de urina oxidada de vaca a 0,0% e 5,0% e três repetições. Foram analisados os teores e os acúmulos de macronutrientes foliares (N, P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ e S) e sódio. A irrigação com águas salinas de até 3,5 dS m-1 produz efeitos negativos nos teores de P e Na+ e positivos na concentração de N, Ma2+ nos tecidos foliares de mudas de maracujazeiros amarelo e roxo. Os teores foliares de N, Mg2+ e Na+ em mudas de maracujazeiro-amarelo são superiores aos de maracujazeiro-roxo A aplicação de urina oxidada de vaca diluída em água a 5,0% na produção de mudas de maracujazeiros amarelo e roxo irrigadas com águas de elevada salinidade, por apresentar efeitos negativos nos teores de K+ nos tecidos foliares, indica que o insumo pode não eliminar os efeitos dos sais às plantas na fase de mudas. O uso de urina oxidada de vaca afeta, positivamente, os teores foliares de N em mudas de maracujazeiros. O acúmulo de macronutrientes (P, K+ e Ca2+) em folhas de mudas de maracujazeiros é maior quando irrigadas com águas de baixa salinidade.Palavras-chave: Passiflora spp; estresse salino; nutrição de plantas. NUTRIENTS CONTENTS AND ACCUMULATIONS IN PASSION FRUIT SEEDLINGS UNDER WATER SALINITY AND USE OF COW URINE ABSTRACT:Seedling production is one of the most important stages in fruit production systems, and its good mineral nutrition is one of the attributes that can result in a good quality index. The objective was to evaluate the concentration and accumulations of macronutrients and sodium in passion fruit seedlings produced with the application of cow urine and saline water. The experiment was carried out in a plastic-covered greenhouse at the Federal Institute of Paraíba - Picuí campus, Brazil, in a completely randomized experimental design, in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, corresponding to two species of passion fruit (yellow and purple), two levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (0.5 dS m-1 and 3.5 dS m-1) and application of oxidized cow urine at 0.0% and 5.0% and three repetitions. The levels and accumulations of leaf macronutrients (N, P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and S) and sodium were analyzed. Irrigation with saline water up to 3.5 dS m-1 produces negative effects on the levels of P and Na+ and positive on the concentration of N, Ma2+ in the leaf tissues of yellow and purple passion fruit seedlings. The leaf contents of N, Mg2+ and Na+ in yellow passion fruit seedlings are higher than those of purple passion fruit. The application of oxidized cow urine diluted in 5.0% water in the production of yellow and purple passion fruit seedlings irrigated with water high salinity, due to its negative effects on K+ content in leaf tissues, indicates that the input may not eliminate the effects of salts on plants in the seedling phase. The use of oxidized cow urine positively affects leaf N levels in passion fruit seedlings. The accumulation of macronutrients (P, K+ and Ca2+) in leaves of passion fruit seedlings is greater when irrigated with low salinity water.Keywords: Passiflora spp; salt stress; plant nutrition.

scholarly journals Application of Oxford Nanopore Technology to Plant Virus Detection

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1424
Author(s):  
Lia W. Liefting ◽  
David W. Waite ◽  
Jeremy R. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Virus ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Plant Virus Detection ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Oxford Nanopore ◽  
Virus Diagnostics ◽  
Post Entry ◽  
Read Accuracy

The adoption of Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing as a tool in plant virology has been relatively slow despite its promise in more recent years to yield large quantities of long nucleotide sequences in real time without the need for prior amplification. The portability of the MinION and Flongle platforms combined with lowering costs and continued improvements in read accuracy make ONT an attractive method for both low- and high-scale virus diagnostics. Here, we provide a detailed step-by-step protocol using the ONT Flongle platform that we have developed for the routine application on a range of symptomatic post-entry quarantine and domestic surveillance plant samples. The aim of this methods paper is to highlight ONT’s feasibility as a valuable component to the diagnostician’s toolkit and to hopefully stimulate other laboratories towards the eventual goal of integrating high-throughput sequencing technologies as validated plant virus diagnostic methods in their own right.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Purple Passion Fruit, Passiflora edulis f. edulis, Based on Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers Discovered through Genotyping by Sequencing

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Nohra Castillo Rodríguez ◽  
Xingbo Wu ◽  
María Isabel Chacón ◽  
Luz Marina Melgarejo ◽  
Matthew Wohlgemuth Blair
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Passiflora Edulis ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Purple Passion Fruit

Orphan crops, which include many of the tropical fruit species used in the juice industry, lack genomic resources and breeding efforts. Typical of this dilemma is the lack of commercial cultivars of purple passion fruit, Passiflora edulis f. edulis, and of information on the genetic resources of its substantial semiwild gene pool. In this study, we develop single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for the species and show that the genetic diversity of this fruit crop has been reduced because of selection for cultivated genotypes compared to the semiwild landraces in its center of diversity. A specific objective of the present study was to determine the genetic diversity of cultivars, genebank accession, and landraces through genotyping by sequencing (GBS) and to conduct molecular evaluation of a broad collection for the species P. edulis from a source country, Colombia. We included control genotypes of yellow passion fruit, P. edulis f. flavicarpa. The goal was to evaluate differences between fruit types and compare landraces and genebank accessions from in situ accessions collected from farmers. In total, 3820 SNPs were identified as informative for this diversity study. However, the majority distinguished yellow and purple passion fruit, with 966 SNPs useful in purple passion fruits alone. In the population structure analysis, purple passion fruits were very distinct from the yellow ones. The results for purple passion fruits alone showed reduced diversity for the commercial cultivars while highlighting the higher diversity found among landraces from wild or semi-wild conditions. These landraces had higher heterozygosity, polymorphism, and overall genetic diversity. The implications for genetics and breeding as well as evolution and ecology of purple passion fruits based on the extant landrace diversity are discussed with consideration of manual or pollinator-assisted hybridization of this species.

scholarly journals Softening of Processed Plant Virus Infected Cucumis sativus Fruits

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1451
Author(s):  
Anne-Katrin Kersten ◽  
Sabrina Scharf ◽  
Martina Bandte ◽  
Peer Martin ◽  
Peter Meurer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Mechanical Inoculation ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Texture Properties ◽  
Textural Changes

Texture softening of pickled cucumbers does not meet consumers’ quality expectations and leads to economic losses. The factor(s) triggering this phenomenon is still unknown. We investigated the importance of plant viruses such as Cucumber green mottle mosaic tobamovirus (CGMMV) and Zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus (ZYMV) in the context of softening of pickles. Cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus) were infected by mechanical inoculation, grown under greenhouse conditions and tested positive for the viral infection by ELISA. The severity of virus infection was reflected in yield and symptom expression. Histological and morphological alterations were observed. All fruits were pasteurized, separately stored in jars and subjected to texture measurements after four, six and 12 months. CGMMV-infections were asymptomatic or caused mild symptoms on leaves and fruit, and texture quality was comparable to control. At the same time, fruits of ZYMV-infected plants showed severe symptoms like deformations and discoloration, as well as a reduction in firmness and crunchiness after pasteurization. In addition, histological alterations were detected in such fruits, possibly causing textural changes. We conclude that plant viruses could have a considerable influence on the firmness and crunchiness of pickled cucumbers after pasteurization. It is possible that the severity of symptom expression has an influence on texture properties.

scholarly journals Novel Functional Genomics Approaches: A Promising Future in the Combat Against Plant Viruses

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (10) ◽  
pp. 1231-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent N. Fondong ◽  
Ugrappa Nagalakshmi ◽  
Savithramma P. Dinesh-Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Functional Genomics ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Virus Control ◽  
Local Lesions ◽  
Short Palindromic Repeat ◽  
Interfering Rna

Advances in functional genomics and genome editing approaches have provided new opportunities and potential to accelerate plant virus control efforts through modification of host and viral genomes in a precise and predictable manner. Here, we discuss application of RNA-based technologies, including artificial micro RNA, transacting small interfering RNA, and Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat–associated protein 9), which are currently being successfully deployed in generating virus-resistant plants. We further discuss the reverse genetics approach, targeting induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING) and its variant, known as EcoTILLING, that are used in the identification of plant virus recessive resistance gene alleles. In addition to describing specific applications of these technologies in plant virus control, this review discusses their advantages and limitations.

scholarly journals Virus and virus-like diseases of grapevine in Hungary

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lázár ◽  
Gy. D. Bisztray
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
The World

Viruses and viroids are submicroscopic infectious particles which can cause disease symptoms on grapevine. These parasites are depending completely on the energy metabolism of the plant cell. To enter the host cell plant viruses depend on injuries or on transmission via invertebrates (insects, nematodes, etc.). Viruses are classified by many characters including particle morphology, host range and information content of the genome. At present about 70 viruses including 7 viroids infecting grapevine are known. In single or mixed infections they are potentially detrimental to the quality and quantity of grape production in any growing area of the world. Some viruses can cause severe economic damage in vineyards. In Hungary many important viruses and viroids have been detected in grape. This review summarises characteristics of viruses and the results of detection and characterization of virus and virus like diseases of grapevine in Hungary. The identification of the causal agent, its transmission, geographical distribution and the development of the diagnostic methods are also discussed.

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