scholarly journals Decentralised Local Governance and Poverty Reduction in Post-1991 Ethiopia: A Political Economy Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Yeshtila Wondemeneh Bekele ◽  
Darley Jose Kjosavik
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Governance System ◽  
The Government ◽  
Self Rule

After 1991, Ethiopia has introduced an ethnic federal governance system constituting nine regional states and two autonomous city administrations, Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa. The restructuring of the state seemingly led to the decentralisation of power to the regions and Woreda (district authority) levels local governance structure in 1995 and 2002 respectively. The purpose of this article is to examine the practices of decentralised local governance in Ethiopia in general and the local governance performance at the level of peasant association (Kebele) in particular. The article also analyses the link between the local governance and poverty based on three indicators: decentralisation and self-rule (DSR), local capacity for planning (LCP), and effectiveness of local governance system (ELGS). Data was collected from eight selected Kebeles of three different regional states through household survey, qualitative interviews and focus group discussions. The study shows that while the power and control of the central government is well established, the Kebeles lack the capacity and resources to deliver development. The LCP at Kebele level is weak because of organisational incapacity and institutional constraints related to DSR. The ELGS is also poor since Kebeles do not have any fiscal rights and administrative power for the reasons associated with DSR and LCP. The government has been implementing poverty reduction strategies using productive safety net programmes and farmer training centres. These, however, have not had the desired outcome due to organisational and institutional incapacitation of Kebele administrations.

scholarly journals Management of Distribution Programs "Non Cash Food Aid" in Rembang District

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Melly Anggraeni ◽  
Hardi Warsono ◽  
Ida Hayu Dwimawanti
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Food Aid ◽  
Electronic Money ◽  
The Future ◽  
Government Mandates ◽  
The Government

In the context of poverty reduction, the Government mandates the distribution of Non-Cash Food Assistance. Non-Cash Food Aid, hereinafter abbreviated as BPNT, is a policy of the Central Government in the form of food social assistance in the form of non-cash given to Beneficiary Families (KPM) every month through electronic accounts and is only used to buy food in E-warong in collaboration with banks. In BPNT distribution management in Rembang Regency, the planning aspect begins with the data collection and validation of population data, with the aim of channeling BPNT on target. Organizing is done in coordination between the Ministry of Social Affairs, Social Services, Women's Empowerment and Family Planning District. Rembang, BNI, and e-warong agents in each district. The implementation was carried out in stages, by distributing non-cash assistance of Rp 110,000.00 per family. Supervision is carried out in coordination with BNI, because the distribution system uses electronic money. The obstacle faced is that there are still residents who are eligible for assistance, but have not been distributed by BPNT. So in the future there needs to be up to date data validation. In the future, the distribution will be more on target.

scholarly journals Role of social safety net programmes for ensuring food security and reducing poverty in char area of Jamalpur district in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
SA Badhan ◽  
S Haque ◽  
M Akteruzzaman ◽  
N Zaman ◽  
K Nahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
The Government

The study has been conducted to assess the social safety net programmes for ensuring food security and poverty reduction in char area of Jamalpur district, Bangladesh during the period of July-August in 2016. Survey method was used to collect primary data from Madargonj upazila of Jamalpur district. A total of 60 sample households were selected purposively for collecting data where 25 were under old age allowance, 15 were widow allowance and 20 were VGF/VGD card holders. Descriptive and tabular analysis was used to achieve the major objectives of the study. There are many Safety Net Programmes launched in the study area, like old age allowance, widow allowance, VGD/VGF, test relief, food for works and so on. The findings showed that after getting the allowance, the food consumption pattern, health, etc. are improving. Before joining SSNPs, about 77% people were food insecure but now the value is 68% and their calorie intake is 1834 kcal. The food security index became 0.79 and the food insecure household fall short of required calorie intake by 18 percent. It has been found that about 55% respondents are living below the poverty line but the joining to the SSNP, their situation is improving. Finally, it can be said that the SSNPs are much effective and could be a successful poverty alleviation strategy for the Government of Bangladesh. Progressive Agriculture 30 (1): 75-85, 2019

scholarly journals COVID-19 in China: Power, Transparency and Governance in Public Health Crisis

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Jinrui Zhang ◽  
Ruilian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Public Health Crisis

Public health crises are the “touchstone” to test the ability of national public health crisis governance. The public health crisis in the new era presents new characteristics: systematic, cross-border and uncertainty. The governance dilemma of a public health crisis generally emphasizes the joint participation and communication of different subjects, which is suspected of overlapping and redundancy, and lacks the auxiliary support of major public health crisis events. It dispels the significance of government-level cooperation. The essence of the public health crisis governance system is the chain law of stimulus–response. In combination with COVID-19 development in China, we track down the main reasons for the temporary disruption and the government’s response to this major public health crisis. We mainly examine the tension between the centralization of power in China’s governance structure and the effectiveness of local governance, and the control of local governments in information disclosure. The response to a public health crisis and the optimization of a decision-making mechanism should build tension between the centralization of power and effectiveness of local governance. It is suggested that government should disclose and share information to the public timely and pay more attention to the core value of order in crisis management.

Peluang dan Ancaman Otonomi Desa Pasca Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Muhadam Labolo
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
The State ◽  
Local State ◽  
First Principle ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Governance System ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Village

The changes about Village policy provide both opportunities and threats to the development of village autonomy. Opportunities for the development of village autonomy are at least normatively gaining a foothold from two important principles of recognition and subsidiarity. The first principle as a form of recognition of village existence in various forms has actually been introduced through Law Number 22 Year 1999 and 32 Year 2004 which corrects efforts to uniform the lowest government entity of the village under another name. The second principle is the juridical consequence of the 1945 Constitution article 18B paragraph (2) where the state not only recognizes, also respects special and special units as long as it is still there and well maintained. This principle allows the state to allocate resources to the village even though the village is no longer subordinate to the state (mini bureaucracy) as the practice of Law 5/1979 through local state government paradigm. With the resources referred to the village at least have the opportunity to develop the original autonomy (self governing community) and not solely under the control of local governance system (local self-government). The allocation of resources from the government, provincial and district / city and the opening of access in the effort of developing village autonomy is not impossible to increase the tension in the village through abuse of authority and the potential of horizontal conflict. Village autonomy can ultimately contain threats if a number of important requirements can not be fulfilled given the culture, structure and environment that affect the village is much more dominant than the supradesa itself is quite distant with the community.Keywords: village autonomy, opportunities, threats

scholarly journals The Fundamental Institutions of China's Reforms and Development

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1076-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenggang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Subnational Governments

China's economic reforms have resulted in spectacular growth and poverty reduction. However, China's institutions look ill-suited to achieve such a result, and they indeed suffer from serious shortcomings. To solve the “China puzzle,” this paper analyzes China's institution—a regionally decentralized authoritarian system. The central government has control over personnel, whereas subnational governments run the bulk of the economy; and they initiate, negotiate, implement, divert, and resist reforms, policies, rules, and laws. China's reform trajectories have been shaped by regional decentralization. Spectacular performance on the one hand and grave problems on the other hand are all determined by this governance structure. (JEL O17, O18, O43, P21, P25, P26)

Governance of autonomous universities: case of Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakchai Jarernsiripornkul ◽  
I.M. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Governance Structure ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Institutional Governance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
The Government ◽  
The University

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the governance system of autonomous universities in an emerging economy, i.e., Thailand. The authors examine the degree of freedom that Thai autonomous universities enjoy and the process that they follow in instituting their governance system. Design/methodology/approach The authors use case study method of research where units of analysis are 16 public autonomous universities. Data are collected directly from the Universities and available documents and through interviews with ten informants from five universities. Data are analysed using the triangulation method before presenting findings. Findings The authors find that Thai autonomous universities had different degree of readiness when they were granted autonomy status by the government. According to their Acts, the universities can specify their own governance pattern, leadership recruitment, revenue management, budgeting and personnel management. With the strengthening role and accountability, the university councils have enjoyed wider space of actions in institutional governance. Size and composition of the councils differ. Big and more mature universities tend to have more members and their councils comprise more outside experts than the small ones. Thai autonomous universities’ governance structure is in the pattern of corporate-like structure. Participatory process is applied in the university decision making. Big universities are strategically directed towards being research universities, while small and newly established universities are striving to expand to health science education. In academic governance, there is an academic board which helps the council to handle academic standards and give academic related recommendations. The launch of Education Criteria for Performance Excellence Framework to standardise the country’s higher education system has become controversial and is said to lessen the universities’ degree of academic freedom. In financial autonomy, the study finds that most universities are still dependent on government budget. Originality/value This case study depicts the governance system of autonomous universities in Thailand, which is one of the emerging countries. Taken into account that existing literature regarding university governance, especially in the emerging countries is limited, the study, which eventually proposes recommendations for lifting these universities’ governance performance, should be able to contribute fruitful knowledge in the area.

A participatory local governance approach to social innovation: A case study of Seongbuk-gu, South Korea

2021 ◽  
pp. 239965442110057
Author(s):  
Sangmin Kim
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Governance System

As the concept of social innovation gains increasing credence in the public consciousness, a number of questions have become increasingly prominent in the relevant discourse: what does social innovation mean at the local level? How can social innovation be promoted? In particular, what kinds of social and institutional arrangements are needed to facilitate socially innovative activities and practices in neighborhoods and communities? To address these questions, this paper first outlines the related theories and literature as an overview of the notion of social innovation. Next, to provide an example of a promising approach to social innovation at the local level, the paper develops a theoretical discussion on the interface between local social innovation and participatory local governance arrangements, and proposes a process model of local social innovation as an analytical framework for a case study of a district-level initiative in Seongbuk-gu in Seoul, South Korea. By examining the governance structure and socially innovative strategies utilized in this locality, the case study demonstrates how the local participatory governance system can furnish an enabling environment for socially innovative ideas and strategies. Lastly, along with a look at some of the unique aspects of the case, the paper discusses contributions of this study to the theory and practice of social innovation, along with implications for other cases that may consider the governance approach to social innovation.

scholarly journals Dissemination of Environmental Information in the E-Governance system: World Trends and Experience for Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Viktor Ladychenko ◽  
Olena Chomakhashvili ◽  
Olena Uliutina ◽  
Julia Kanaryk
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Population ◽  
National Level ◽  
Environmental Information ◽  
Governance System ◽  
The Government

The UN E-Government Survey 2016 on «E-Government in Support of Sustainable Development» offers a brief overview of e-government trends in the world. According to the survey, more and more governments are using information technology to provide services and engage people in decision-making processes in rural areas in their countries. Talking about the emerging economies in East Europe, the Ukrainian economy is growing faster with 50% of population living in rural areas, which develops incredible pressure on the government to give more focus on many ways of environmental safety of Ukraine. Ukraine is predominantly rural country and in order to improve the environmental conditions it is important that both central and local governments carried out national environment information activity. Modern information technology helps to disseminate environmental information in rural areas and is a major provider of information opportunities for the rural population. By 2020 Ukrainian government has a goal to achieve interaction at all levels by electronic mode. There are various electronic databases that are already functioning at the national level such as the Real Estate Register, Public Cadastral Map, etc. that can help the Ukrainian government to achieve greater transparency and successful governance. However, access to such registers is currently not possible for regional communities. Therefore, disposing of environmental information, avoiding environmental threats to the local population and enhancing the effectiveness of local governance is a goal for local governments. This paper offers a modern vision of information technologies in the field of natural resources management. E-government projects and ways to solve problems in the sphere of dissemination of information in rural areas in order to improve e-governance in contemporary Ukraine were explored. Keywords: Environmental information, information human rights, sustainable development, EU environmental policy

scholarly journals In chasing the status as the Province of Jakarta Special Region after the movement of the capital city to East Kalimantan Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Purba Hutapea
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Capital City ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
National Capital ◽  
The Status ◽  
Administrative Area ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Special Region

The Government of of Indonesia plans to move the Capital City from Jakarta to East Kalimantan Province. The problem is what is the status of the administration of Jakarta Province after it no longer bears the status as the capital city of Indonesia. Does Jakarta Province still have the right to obtain status as a provincial region even though the government structure is not divided into municipal and regency areas, or the existing administrative area must be made an autonomous region and then legally qualify as a provincial region ?. Research Methods using qualitative descriptive methods. Based on the politics of decentralization contained in the 1945 Constitution, regarding the formation of special regions and reviews several laws which form the legal basis for granting special regions in Indonesia, or what is theoretically known as asymmetric decentralization. If the national capital is moved to East Kalimantan, the ex Jakarta Province still qualifies as a province that has special autonomy as the Province of Jakarta Special Region, because the history and role of the city of Jakarta on national government in the past cannot be forgotten. Therefore, the governance structure in the form of one level of autonomy is maintained, and the central government can surrender or delegate greater authorities for the management of economic, trade and service sectors, such as the Nusantara Bonded Zone, including the establishment of special economic zone, so that it can play a role as a locomotive of the national economy.

scholarly journals Critical Factors in Central Government Information and Data Governance - Empirical Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 248-261
Author(s):  
Chuan-Chun WU ◽  
Hsin-Chung CHU
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Structured Data ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Data Governance ◽  
Internal Organization ◽  
Data Application ◽  
The Government

Along with the development of information and communications technology being popular, types of data become rich and multiple, the analysis scope changes from structured data to non-structured data without sorting context, and the data volume becomes huge and is continuously growing. When data application cases and value benefit are gradually noticed in past years, government agencies realize that data could develop the value through cross-boundary collaboration, rather than simple relying on internal processing and analyses, and the collaboration process allows the government cultivating to apply data with added-value and establish evidence-based governance. Aiming at employees in public sectors in the central government of Taiwan, total 320 copies of questionnaire are distributed and 247 valid copies are retrieved, with the retrieval rate 77% . The research results are summarized as below: (1) Regarding the curiosity and expectation of data analysis of the government, either directors of agencies or key case officers, with the expectation of applying the possessed data with added value, do not simply regard data as dead records, but attempt to apply data to solve specific public issues; (2) In addition to inducing the curiosity about data application in the internal organization, success cases of other agencies could facilitate the action of an organization participating in the project for expanding to central and local levels or cross-units inducing the agencies with similar businesses engaging in the project as well as accelerate project influence through experience sharing and reinforce the confidence of other units in information and data governance; (3) Information and data governance could benefit the government shaping positive image to interpret outcomes through data for the reference of future policies, strengthen the industrial and academic research energy of the business, as well as enhance public trust and agency transparency through cooperation with experts. According to the results to propose suggestions, it is expected to provide related policy suggestions for the government examining the internal organization from management to execution about the preparation for data governance and the reference for top decision-makers planning data application strategies, applying data to public-private collaboration, and improving existing data governance structure.

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