scholarly journals Spermatological characteristics of mosaic and non-mosaic forms of Klinefelter syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
M. I. Shtaut ◽  
T. M. Sorokina ◽  
L. F. Kurilo ◽  
V. B. Chernykh
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Klinefelter Syndrome ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Semen Volume ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Mosaic Form ◽  
Immature Cells ◽  
Group 1

The study objective is to compare of ejaculate parameters in mosaic, non-mosaic Klinefelter syndrome (KS).Materials and methods. Eighty-five patients with KS were examined. The group 1 included 75 patients between the ages of 17 and 39 with non-mosaic KS (47,XXY), the group 2 included 10 males between the ages of 22 and 57 years with mosaic KS: 47,XXY/46,XY (n = 9), 48,XXY,der(X)/47,XXY/46,XY (n = 1).Results. KS patients semen volume was 1.9 ± 1.3 (0.1–5.5) ml in non-mosaic KS patients (47,XXY) and 1.5 ± 1.2 (0.05–4.00) ml in patients with a mosaic form of a KS, respectively, рН semen – 7.8 ± 0.5 (6.5–9.0) and 7.8 ± 0.2 (7.5–8.1), sperm count – 0.27 ± 1.42 (0.00–12.50) and 0.12 ± 0.28 (0.00–0.90) million/ml, respectively. The viscosity was increased (>20 mm) at 41 % non-mosaic KS (group 1) and 22 % of mosaic KS (group 2) patients. The ejaculate sediment was investigated by quantitative karyological analysis of immature germ cells. The germ cells in 42 % samples of the ejaculate of the patients with a classical form of a KS and in 20 % samples of the ejaculate of the patients with a mosaic form was found. That indicates a partial preservation of spermatogenesis.Conclusion. The degree of spermatogenesis depletion in KS patients widely varied, ejaculate and germ cell parameters in the ejaculate sediment weren’t significantly different. Presence of few sperms (cryptozoospermia) and immature cells in the ejaculate sediment point to partial preservation of spermatogenesis. 

scholarly journals Sperm DNA fragmentation in men of different age

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
S. Sh. Khayat ◽  
E. E. Bragina ◽  
E. A. Arifulin ◽  
E. M. Lazareva ◽  
T. M. Sorokina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Sperm Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Dna Breaks ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Fragmented Dna ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The study objective is to analyze the content of spermatozoa with single and double-stranded DNA breaks in different age groups.Materials and methods. The level of DNA fragmentation was studied in 300 ejaculate samples obtained from 266 sub- or infertile men. The group 1 included 150 samples obtained from 131 patients under the age of 45 (21–44 years), the group 2 included 150 samples obtained from 135 patients above the age of 45 (45–68 years). Mean ages were 34.8 ± 3.9 and 48.6 ± 3.1 years, respectively. The number of sperm with fragmented DNA was evaluated using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method on ejaculate smears. The number of spermatozoa with >15 % of fragmented DNA was considered elevated. Standard semen analysis was performed in 117 and 97 men from the groups 1 and 2, respectively.Results. The number of sperm with fragmented DNA varied in ejaculated samples from 1.5 to 64.5 %. Mean number of sperm with DNA breaks in the group 1 (12.0 ± 6.0 %) was significantly lower than in the group 2 (16.1 ± 8.3 %, p <0.05). Mean sperm count in the ejaculate of the group 1 (267.0 ± 198.7 million) was significantly higher than in the group 2 (201.0 ± 162.9 million, p = 0.02).Conclusion. We revealed that in men over the age of 45 years, the percentage of spermatozoa with DNA fragmentation is higher than in men under 45 years of age, it may indirectly indicate an increased level of reactive oxygen species in the seminal plasma in older patients. 

scholarly journals SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS IN HIV-INFECTED MEN

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
F. N. Selimova ◽  
S. G. Perminova ◽  
E. V. Mityurina ◽  
N. V. Kozyrina
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Sperm Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Semen Volume ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Group 1

The goal of the study was to evaluate the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the semen characteristics in HIV-infected men.Materials and methods. A prospective case-control study enrolled 66 HIV-infected male patients who presented for fertility assessment. Group 1 included 51 male patients treated with ART; Group 2 included 15 males who were not receiving ART. 97 and 25 semen samples were analyzed, respectively. HIV status was assessed based on the data regarding the stage and phase of the disease, viral load, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ counts and the ART duration.Study results. At enrollment in the study, the duration of HIV infection in Group 1 was longer than that in Group 2 (the difference being statistically significant): 5 years (2–9 years) versus 2,5 years (0,4–4,5), respectively (р=0,0004). Median duration of treatment in Group 1 was 1,5 years. The most common type of abnormal semen morphology in ART-treated patients was teratozoospermia (40%), and the percentage of abnormally shaped spermatozoa in this group was higher compared to Group 2 (the difference being statistically significant): 97 (96–98) versus 96 (94,5–96,5); р=0,006). Group 1 demonstrated a negative relationship between the count of abnormally shaped spermatozoa and CD4+ cell count (r=–0,362; р=0,026), disease duration (r=0,173; р=0,173) and sperm count (r=–0,242; р=0,020), progressively motile (category B) sperm count (r=–0,241; р=0,024). The ART duration showed an inverse correlation with the progressively motile sperm count (category B) (r=–0,224; р=0,036). Group 2 demonstrated a statistically significant positive relationship between the CD4+ cell count, the semen volume (r=0,778; p=0,014), and the count of progressively motile (category B) spermatozoa (r=0,667; р=0,05). We also revealed a statistically significant inverse relationship between the viral load and the semen volume (r=–0,669; р=0,035). Sperm DNA fragmentation was found to be higher in HIV-infected patients treated with ART compared to HIV-infected men not receiving ART (15,8% (12,4–23,0) and 14% (10,9–20,5); р=0,533), respectively. Thus, HIV-infected patients treated with ART demonstrated abnormal sperm morphology (increased abnormal sperm count), decreased sperm motility and increased sperm DNA fragmentation level. The percentage of abnormally shaped sperm was higher in patients with lower CD4+ cell counts. In patients with a long history of HIV infection, the sperm count decreases and the count of immotile spermatozoa increases. HIV-infected individuals who are not receiving ART and have high viral loads show decreased semen volume. This value increases upon an increase in the CD4+ cell count.

scholarly journals Impact of percutaneous embolization versus subinguinal microsurgical ligation on semen parameters in primary varicocele patients: comparative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haytham M. Nasser ◽  
Ahmed Hussein ◽  
Gad M. Behairy ◽  
Mostafa Abdo
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Count ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Male Factor ◽  
Percutaneous Embolization ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background Varicocele is an abnormally dilated pampiniform plexus of the veins within the spermatic cord and is considered the most common correctable cause of male factor infertility. Many approaches are described for treatment either surgical (tradition inguinal, subinguinal, and laparoscopic) or non-surgical percutaneous embolization. During the period from August 2017 to December 2018, we prospectively analyzed the preoperative and post-operative alteration of semen parameters (at 3 and 9 months) of the data collected from 63 patients with clinically evident varicocele referred to our tertiary hospital. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1, thirty-three patients who underwent subinguinal microsurgical ligation, and group 2, thirty patients who underwent percutaneous embolization. Results Sixty-three patients enrolled in this study were divided in two groups: group 1, patients who underwent surgery, and group 2, patients who underwent embolization; the mean age is 24.6 ± 1.27 years in group 1 and 23.7 ± 2 years in group 2; there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups as regards BMI, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking. Bilaterality was present in 15.2% of group 1 patients and 10% in group 2 patients (P value 0.06). Most of the patients were classified as grades 2 and 3 with no statistical significance regarding severity of the disease. Preoperative semen parameters for patients including sperm count, motility, and abnormal forms showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Post-intervention semen analysis was done twice during follow-up after 3 months and 9 months from the date of intervention. After 3 months, the semen parameters were improved in both groups in spite of the higher sperm count in group 2 but with no statistical significance. After 9 months follow-up, semen analysis showed persistent increase in sperm mobility in group 1 patients in comparison to group 2 patients. Both groups had better improvement in count of normal form with no statistical significant change. Conclusion Improvement of semen parameters while treating primary varicocele by either subinguinal microsurgery approach or percutaneous embolization shows equivalent outcomes.

scholarly journals Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure during Intrauterine Period, Promotes Caspase Dependent and Independent DNA Fragmentation in Sertoli-Germ Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beril Yüksel ◽  
Sevtap Kilic ◽  
Nese Lortlar ◽  
Nicel Tasdemir ◽  
Semra Sertyel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Sertoli Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Intrauterine Life ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objectives. To investigate the effect of cigarette smoke exposure during intrauterine period on neonatal rat testis. Methods. Twenty-five rats were randomized to be exposed to cigarette smoke with the Walton Smoking Machine or to room air during their pregnancies. The newborn male rats (n=21) were grouped as group 1 (n=15) which were exposed to cigarette smoke during intrauterine life and group 2 (n=6) which were exposed to room air during intrauterine life. The orchiectomy materials were analyzed with TUNEL immunofluorescent staining for detection of DNA damage. To detect apoptosis, immunohistochemical analyses with caspase-3 were performed. Primary outcomes were apoptotic index and immunohistochemical scores (HSCORES); secondary outcomes were Sertoli-cell count and birth-weight of rats. Results. Sertoli cell apoptosis was increased in group 1 (HSCORE =210.6±41.9) when compared to group 2 (HSCORE =100.0±17.8) (P=0.001). Sertoli cell count was decreased in group 1 (P=0.043). The HSCORE for the germ cells was calculated as 214.0±46.2 in group 1 and 93.3±10.3 in group 2 (P=0.001) referring to an increased germ cell apoptosis in group 1. The apoptotic indexes for group 1 were 49.6±9.57 and 29.98±2.34 for group 2 (P=0.001). The immunofluorescent technique demonstrated increased DNA damage in seminiferous epithelium in group 1. Conclusions. Intrauterine exposure to cigarette smoke adversely affects neonatal testicular structuring and diminishes testicular reserve.

Effect of Cryotherapy & Active Stretching Together and Active Stretching Alone for Improving Hamstring Flexibility in Asymptomatic Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 342-348
Author(s):  
Nishat Tabassum ◽  
Sanghamitra Jena
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Hamstring Flexibility ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
Post Assessment ◽  
Group 1

Study Objective: To know about the effects of cryotherapy and active stretching together and active stretching alone for improving hamstring flexibility in asymptomatic individuals. Method: 22 subjects were participated in study of the age 18 to 40. Subjects were randomly and equally assigned to static stretching and cryotherapy (group 1) and only active stretching (group 2). Subjects in each group were given stretching and cryotherapy for three weeks. Pre and post assessment of ROM was measured by the KEA, SLR and Sit and reach test. Results: After three weeks of intervention there was a significant difference between pre intervention and post intervention score in both the group but in group 1 showed significant difference between KEA, SLR and SRT variables. Conclusion: Subject who received active stretching and cryotherapy showed better improvement than the control group who received only active stretching. Hence it can be concluded that active stretching along with cryotherapy can improve hamstring flexibility than the active stretching only. Key words: Cryotherapy, flexibility, ROM, active stretching.

scholarly journals 1552. Correlation Between Vancomycin Serum Trough Concentrations and Area Under the Curve in Pediatric Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S566-S567
Author(s):  
Krista Weaver ◽  
Madan Kumar ◽  
Allison Nelson ◽  
Palak Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Serum Trough ◽  
Trough Concentrations ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background Despite years of experience with vancomycin (VAN), the optimal method to monitor VAN therapy in pediatric patients is still unknown. Recent pediatric data indicate serum trough concentrations lower than 10–20 mg/L or 15–20 mg/L based on indication may achieve an AUC24> 400 mg hours/L. The primary study objective was to compare AUC24 to goal VAN serum trough concentrations (STC). Methods A retrospective chart review of pediatric patients who received intravenous VAN June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 was completed. AUC24 was calculated using a trapezoidal method with 2 steady-state serum concentrations. A serum peak concentration was drawn 1 hour and 15 minutes following the end of infusion and an STC was drawn 30 minutes prior to infusion. Results During 25 admissions, 12 patients had a first AUC24 at goal and 13 patients had a first AUC24 below goal. Of 41 AUC24 calculations, 27 AUC24s were ≥400 mg hours/L (group 1), and 14 AUC24s were <400 mg hours/L (group 2). Median AUC24 was 561 mg hours/L for group 1 vs. 344.5 mg hours/L for group 2 (P < 0.001). Correlating Cmin and Ctrough (Ctr) for group 1 and group 2 were 12 mg/L and 13.5 mg/L vs. 6.4 mg/L and 7.3 mg/L, respectively (P < 0.001). Figure 1 shows the pharmacokinetic parameters for each group. Spearman correlation between AUC24 and Cmin was 0.87. Of the 35 subtherapeutic VAN STCs, 20 (57.1%) achieved an AUC24 ≥400 mg hours/L (P = 0.08). Subgroup analysis of AUC24 400–600 mg hours/L showed a median AUC24 of 519 mg hours/L with correlating Cmin and Ctr of 10.6 mg/L and 11.9 mg/L, respectively. The MIC was <1 in 90.9% of cases (Figure 2). The mean VAN dose required to achieve an AUC24 ≥400 mg hours/L was 77.7 mg/kg/day; dosing frequency did not appear to affect AUC24 outcome. Time to culture clearance was 2 days in group 1 and 6.5 days in group 2 (P = 0.24). No cases of nephrotoxicity were identified despite AUC24 values ranging from 265–1294 mg hours/L. Conclusion AUC24 monitoring using a 2-sample trapezoidal method was successfully implemented at this institution. The results of this study align with previous pediatric studies, supporting the use of lower serum trough concentration goals of 10–15 mg/L. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Investigation of the effect of body mass index (BMI) on semen parameters and male reproductive system hormones

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Zeynel Keskin ◽  
Salih Budak ◽  
Evrim Emre Aksoy ◽  
Cem Yücel ◽  
Serkan Karamazak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim: To evaluate the effects of body mass index (BMI) ratio on semen parameters and serum reproductive hormones. Materials and methods: The data of 454 patients who prsented to male infertility clinics in our hospital between 2014 and 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. Weight, height, serum hormone levels and semen analysis results of the patients were obtained. BMI values were calculated by using the weight and height values of the patients and they were classified as group 1 for BMI values ≤ 25 kg/m2, as group 2 for BMI values 25-30 kg/m2 and as group 3 for BMI values ≥ 30 kg/m2. Results: The mean values of BMI, semen volume, concentration, total motility, progressive motility, total progressive motile sperm count (TPMSC), normal morphology according to Kruger, head abnormality, neck abnormality, tail abnormality, FSH, LH, prolactin, T/E2, total testosterone and estradiol parameters of the patients were considered. Patients were divided according to BMI values in Group 1 (n = 165), Group 2 (n = 222) and Group 3 (n = 56). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of all variables between the groups. Conclusions: We analyzed the relationship between BMI level and semen parameters and reproductive hormones, demonstrating no relationship between BMI and semen parameters. In our study, BMI does not affect semen parameters although it shows negative correlation with prolactin and testosterone levels.

scholarly journals The Effect of Metabolic Syndrome upon the Success of Varicocelectomy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ufuk Ozturk ◽  
Nevzat Can Sener ◽  
Ismail Nalbant ◽  
Osman Raif Karabacak ◽  
Mustafa Gurhan Ulusoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Sperm Parameters ◽  
Spermatic Vein ◽  
Motile Sperm ◽  
Spontaneous Pregnancy ◽  
Normal Sperm ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group 1

We aimed to investigate the impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on the varicocele treatment. 101 patients underwent spermatic vein ligation between 2007 and 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Those patients were divided into two groups as without (n: 56, Group 1) or with MetS (n: 48, Group 2). All the patients underwent left microsurgical subinguinal spermatic vein ligation. Groups were compared by the improvement on sperm parameters and spontaneous pregnancy rates at a mean of 19 (±4) months followup. When sperm parameters were compared postoperatively, the significant improvement in total sperm count, motile sperm count percentage, and normal sperm percentage was reported. The groups were compared to each other and the improvement seemed significantly better in Group 1. There was no statistically significant improvement difference in the normal sperm percentage between groups. Spontaneous pregnancy rate after two years was 45% in Group 1 and 34% in Group 2 (). Patients with MetS and varicocele improved after surgery, but not as well as the similar group without MetS. This may help to show that MetS can be a factor for male infertility.

scholarly journals Laparoscopic varicocelectomy in male infertility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Seiler ◽  
Philipp Kneissl ◽  
Claudius Hamann ◽  
Klaus-Peter Jünemann ◽  
Daniar Osmonov
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Count ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Nonobstructive Azoospermia ◽  
Sperm Density ◽  
Reproductive Techniques ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Total Motile Sperm Count ◽  
Group 1

Summary Background The suitability of laparoscopic varicocelectomy for assisted reproductive technology depends on the improvement of semen parameters. The present study analyzed the improvement of semen parameters following laparoscopic varicocele ligation. Material and methods A retrospective study of the laparoscopic varicocele clippings at the Department of Urology of University Hospital of Kiel between the years 2007 and 2019 was conducted. The semen analyses according to WHO standards (sperm count, density, motility and morphology) were conducted before and 12 months after surgery. Screening for surgical complications took place at the time of the follow-up seminal analysis. Included were patients with oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia and/or teratozoospermia (group 1, OAT) or with nonobstructive azoospermia (group 2, NOA). Results This study included data of 27 patients and 22 patients presented preoperative OAT (81%, group 1). Another 5 patients showed NOA (19%, group 2). Data of group 1 showed that semen parameters normalized in 32% of the patients after surgery. Significant improvement in total sperm count (p < 0.005), sperm density (p < 0.005) and total motile sperm count (p < 0.005) was observed. No deterioration of semen parameters was observed. In group 2 we detected spermatozoa in 1 case in the postoperative ejaculate. None of the patients showed complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification, postoperative hydrocele formation or recurrence of varicocele at the time of control spermiogram. Conclusion Laparoscopic varicocelectomy is a valid therapeutic approach to improve semen parameters for further assisted reproductive techniques. Spermatogenesis may be induced for patients with NOA. Normalization of semen parameters can be achieved for patients with OAT.

scholarly journals Otsenka riska padeniy zhenshchin s postmenopauzal'nymosteoporozom, poluchayushchikh al'fakal'tsidol

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
M. V. Strunina ◽  
M. V. Telyushchenko ◽  
A. A. Popov ◽  
N. V. Izmozherova
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Risk Of Falling ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Antiresorptive Agents ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The study objective: to assess the influence of alfacalcidol treatment on risk of falling in real clinical practice. Methods. Prospective cohort study included 46 postmenopausal women aged from 52 to 78, who had high risk of falling, low bone mineral density, glomerular filtration rate from 65 to 30 ml/min, signed informed consent and were naïve to calcium, vitamin D and antiresorptive agents. All patients have participated in Osteoporosis Patients School Classes, received prescriptions for daily 1 mcg alfacalcidol and approved recommendations on lifestyle modifications including diet, exercises and movement patterns. Individual risk of falling was assessed with the help of Guralnik Short Physical Performance Battery Score. Results. There were no new cases of falling and fractures in the cohort during 12 months. During the study period 28 women showed compliance to alfacalcidol 80% or more (group 1), in 15 patients compliance was less than 80% (group 2) and 3 women decided to quit the study. Only group 1 demonstrated significant physical function changes for the better while there were no significant changes in group 2. Conclusion. In a group of postmenopausal women with high risk of falling and fractures, significant positive changes in lower extremity performance and balance tests were registered only in women with 80% or higher compliance to alfacalcidol consumption.

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