Dual disorders in individuals under treatment for both alcohol and cocaine: Madrid study on the prevalence of dual disorders

Salud Mental ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Palomo ◽  
Francisco Arias ◽  
Néstor Szerman ◽  
Pablo Vega ◽  
Ignacio Basurte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Dual Disorders ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Axis I

Introduction. Descriptive data about co-occurrence of alcohol and cocaine consumption is scarce, despite its important prevalence. Dual disordes shows high prevalence in clinical samples, and patients report worse evolution and need more health services. Objective. To compare psychopathology in patients in treatment with lifetime alcohol and cocaine (Alc + Coc) substance use disorder (SUD) with subjects with alcohol but not cocaine (Alc) lifetime SUD and cocaine but not alcohol (Coc) SUD. Method. The sample consisted of 837 outpatients from Madrid, Spain, under treatment in substance misuse or mental health units. Two analyses were made: we compared subjects in the Alc + Coc (n = 366) to the Alc group (n = 162), and then to the Coc group (n = 122). Socio-demographic variables were addressed by interview. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used to evaluate Axis I disorders and the Personality Disorder Questionnaire (PDQ) to evaluate Personality Disorders (PD). Results. Compared to Alc group, patients in the Alc + Coc group were younger, had different socio-demographic characteristics, had more proportion of cannabis and opioid SUD, had less proportion of major depressive disorder, obsessive and depressive PD, more proportion of antisocial PD and lower suicide risk. Compared to the Coc group, they had more cannabis SUD and lower opioid SUD, showed higher prevalence of bipolar disorder, general anxiety disorder, paranoid, histrionic and dependent PD. Discussion and conclusion. We present a cross-sectional study describing comorbidity of dual disordes on treatment-seeking concurrent alcohol and cocaine problematic users. This concurrence showed different dual disordes prevalence profile than single users in some specific mental disorders.

scholarly journals A study on nomophobia and its correlation with sleeping difficulty and anxiety among medical students in a medical college, Telangana

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 2074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagapraveen Veerapu ◽  
Ravi Kumar Baer Philip ◽  
Hanisha Vasireddy ◽  
Sowmya Gurrala ◽  
Swathi Tapaswi Kanna
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Athens Insomnia Scale

Background: Social media and digital communication have become a part of life. Many things were made easy through online connectivity. The mobile phones not only connects people at anytime, anywhere and with anybody, but also movable and portable. Mobile phones when used extensively may cause a number of physical and psychological problems. Nomophobia (NO-MObile phone-PHOBIA) is one of the psychological problems related to exclusive use of mobile phone. It is the fear/anxiety of being away from mobile phone contact. The objectives are to study grading of nomophobia and to find out any correlation exits between nomophobia and sleeping difficulty and anxiety among medical students.Methods: A cross sectional study is conducted for duration of 6 months among medical students using semi-structured questionnaire. Nomophobia questionnaire (NMP-Q) is used to assess nomophobia, Athens insomnia scale is used to assess sleeping difficulty and general anxiety disorder- 7 Item scale is used to assess general anxiety.Results: The study showed that out of 364 students, 62 (17%) have mild, 234 (64.3%) have moderate and 68 (18.7%) have severe nomophobia. There is a weak positive correlation between nomophobia and sleeping difficult and anxiety.Conclusions: There problem of nomophobia is alarming; there is a need to reduce nomophobia, and to evolve effective strategies to enhance human interaction.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Anxiety and Associated Factors among Pharmacy Students in Saudi Arabia: a Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Samreen ◽  
Nasir A. Siddiqui ◽  
Ramzi A. Mothana
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The University

Background and Objective. Anxiety is an emotional and behavioral disorder that may disturb the student’s quality of learning and its outcome. This study is aimed at assessing the prevalence and associated factors among pharmacy students at a university in Saudi Arabia. Methods. We used a cross-sectional design, and data collection was carried out over a period of two months from September 2018 to November 2018 using paper-based self-administered questionnaires. The General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale was used to measure and classify anxiety among the study participants. Results. The prevalence of anxiety among pharmacy students was 49% (83 students); 44 students (25.9%) had mild anxiety, while 24 (14.1%) students had moderate anxiety, and 15 (8.8%) severe anxiety. There were statistically significant differences in anxiety scores according to faculty type ( p = 0.2 ) and nutritional status ( p = 0.4 ). Conclusion. The findings of this study revealed that half of the pharmacy students suffered from anxiety incidence during their studies at the university. However, the majority of them are experiencing mild to moderate. This may have a significant impact on academic performance and necessitates special attention.

scholarly journals Assessment of Community Psycho-behavioral Responses during the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doaa Mohamed Magdy ◽  
Ahmed Metwally ◽  
Omar Magdy
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background: The novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) is a public health emergency of international concern resulting in adverse psychological impacts during the epidemic.The aim of this study: To examine the public’s knowledge and psychological impact during the outbreak of (2019-nCoV) and the extent to which various precautionary measures have been adopted.Materials & Methods: From 1 to 10 April 2020, we conducted an online survey. The online survey collected information on demographic data, precautionary measures against (2019-nCoV), self-health evaluation, knowledge and concerns about (2019-nCoV) and appraisal of crisis management. Psychological impact was assessed by General Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale. The designed questionnaire was answered by participants, and the collected data were statistically analyzed.Results: This study included 1200 respondents. In total, 80% of respondents rated the psychological impact; 18% reported minimal anxiety; 34% reported mild anxiety and (48%) with moderate anxiety symptoms. A large proportion (74%) believed that they were very or somewhat likely to contract (2019-nCoV) while only 35% believed they were unlikely to survive if they contracted the disease. (58%) of the respondents, practiced the precautionary measures directed against person to person droplet spread.Respondents with moderate level of anxiety were most likely to take comprehensive precautionary measures against the infection. In addition, older, female, more educated people as well as those who are more likely to contract infection.Conclusions: During the outbreak, more than half of the respondents rated the psychological impact as moderate anxiety. Thus, the psychological needs during the outbreak should be addressed appropriately. Our results highlight the need to promote protective personal health practices to interrupt the transmission of the (2019-nCoV) in the community must take into account. Therefore, educational public programs about preventive measures should be targeted at the identified groups with low current uptake of precautions.

scholarly journals Jordanian ostomates' health problems and self-care ability to manage their intestinal ostomy: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 679-696
Author(s):  
Rami A Elshatarat ◽  
Inas A Ebeid ◽  
Khadega A Elhenawy ◽  
Zyad T Saleh ◽  
Ahmad H Abu Raddaha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Questionnaire Score ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
And Training

Background Ostomates have several physical, psychological and social health problems. These problems negatively impact the ostomates' quality of life. Aims This study aims to identify Jordanian ostomates' health problems and their self-care ability to manage their ostomies. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit 168 Jordanian patients with intestinal ostomies. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect the data. Results On average, the participants’ physiological ostomy-related problem scores were 8.76 ± 2.37 (out of 13 problems) and the total score of self-care ability to manage their ostomies was 16.56 ± 2.62 (out of 24). About 22% of the participants had ‘moderately severe’ to ‘severe’ depression (nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire score ≥15) and 33.9% had ‘moderate’ to ‘severe’ anxiety (seven-item General Anxiety Disorder questionnaire score ≥10). About half of the participants had exposure to teaching and/or training about ostomy care. About 85% of participants were willing to attend health education and training programmes about ostomy care. There was a significant correlation between high ostomates’ self-care ability to manage their ostomies and a low number of physiological health problems ( r = −0.67, p = 0.04), a low depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 9) score ( r = −0.54, p = 0.039) and a low anxiety (seven-item General Anxiety Disorder questionnaire) score ( r = −0.71, p < 0.027). Conclusions Health teaching and training about intestinal ostomy management, psychosocial support, follow-up assessment and treatment for ostomy-related problems are recommended for all ostomates.

scholarly journals Association between SARS-CoV-2 infection, exposure risk and mental health among a cohort of essential retail workers in the USA

2020 ◽  
pp. oemed-2020-106774
Author(s):  
Fan-Yun Lan ◽  
Christian Suharlim ◽  
Stefanos N Kales ◽  
Justin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Health State ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
General Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Retail Workers

ObjectivesTo investigate SARS-CoV-2 (the virus causing COVID-19) infection and exposure risks among grocery retail workers, and to investigate their mental health state during the pandemic.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2020 in a single grocery retail store in Massachusetts, USA. We assessed workers’ personal/occupational history and perception of COVID-19 by questionnaire. The health outcomes were measured by nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) results, General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).ResultsAmong 104 workers tested, 21 (20%) had positive viral assays. Seventy-six per cent positive cases were asymptomatic. Employees with direct customer exposure had an odds of 5.1 (95% CI 1.1 to 24.8) being tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after adjustments. As to mental health, the prevalence of anxiety and depression (ie, GAD-7 score >4 or PHQ-9 score >4) was 24% and 8%, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, those able to practice social distancing consistently at work had odds of 0.3 (95% CI 0.1 to 0.9) and 0.2 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.99) screening positive for anxiety and depression, respectively. Workers commuting by foot, bike or private cars were less likely to screen positive for depression (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.7).ConclusionsIn this single store sample, we found a considerable asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection rate among grocery workers. Employees with direct customer exposure were five times more likely to test positive for SARS-CoV-2. Those able to practice social distancing consistently at work had significantly lower risk of anxiety or depression.

Detection of blaVIM and blaIMP Carbapenemase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Clinical Samples in Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Zolfaghari
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
High Level

Background and Aims: The prevalence of carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strains has been recently reported worldwide. Therefore, accurate and rapid detection of carbapenemase-producing isolates is essential. So, this study aimed to detect blaVIM and blaIMP carbapenemase-producing strains using the modified Hodge test (MHT) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, P. aeruginosa  strains were collected from clinical samples (blood, urine, wound, and other liquids body) in Firoozgar and Shahid Motahari Hospitals in Tehran and Velayat Hospital in Rasht Province, from May to December 2018. After identifying the isolates using the standard microbial tests, carbapenemase-producing strains were isolated by the modified hodge test. After that, the detection of blaVIM and blaIMP genes was performed by RT-PCR technique. Results: One hundred P. aeruginosa were isolated from different clinical samples. Among these, 74 (74%) isolates were considered as carbapenemase positive using MHT. The frequencies of blaVIM and blaIMP genes were obtained as 83% and 11%, respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate a high level of resistance to most of the antibiotics tested and a high prevalence of blaVIM gene in P. aeruginosa strains.

scholarly journals Sexual dysfunction in females with depression: a cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishnankutty Sreelakshmy ◽  
Rajmohan Velayudhan ◽  
Deepak Kuriakose ◽  
Rema Nair
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Comorbidities ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Death Wishes

Abstract Introduction Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in depression albeit common is strikingly understudied. The condition, if addressed properly, can be readily cured, improving the quality of life of the patient. Methods A consecutive sample of drug-naïve married female patients with depression was assessed. Depression was diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I). Depression severity was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), and sexual dysfunction, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Results Sexual dysfunction was found in 90% of the patients in our study. Patients with medical comorbidities showed a significant decrease in the desire subset of the FSFI (Mann-Whitney U=11.0, p=0.009), however there was no significant association with other subsets. Patients who expressed passive death wishes had higher scores on all indicators of sexual function and a significantly higher score in the orgasm subset of the FSFI (Mann-Whitney U=11.0, p=0.009). Conclusion The study showed a high prevalence of FSD in depressed females regardless of type and severity of depression. Depression with medical comorbidities was associated with a significant decrease in desire. Patients who expressed passive death wishes showed improved sexual function and significantly better orgasm.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Anxiety among Paramedic Students in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Alzahrani ◽  
Abdulrahman Bayazeed ◽  
Alhussain Alzahrani ◽  
Faisal Alkahtani ◽  
Saeed Alzahrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Demand ◽  
General Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background: Anxiety disorders are the most common of all psychiatric illnesses and result in considerable functional impairment and distress. The stressful nature and hard work demand of studying and practicing paramedics makes them more prone to psychiatric illnesses one of which is Anxiety. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of anxiety among paramedic students in Saudi Arabia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Paramedic students of third and fourth year from Emergency Medical Services of College of Applied Medical Sciences at all KSAU-HS branches in Jeddah, Riyadh and Al-Ahsa’a in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected in May 2020. The study utilized the General Anxiety Disorder -7 (GAD-7) test to screen for anxiety and assess its severity level in paramedic students. Results: There were a total of 181 participants, of which 133 (73.5%) were male students, and with almost all participants being unmarried (99.4%). For GAD-7 test, 32.6% had no anxiety, while the most had mild anxiety (43.1%), and 14.9% had moderate anxiety, with the fewest (9.4%) had severe anxiety.Conclusion: Significant levels of anxiety were reported among the students and most of them showed excessive levels of worrying and nervousness, which affected their academically and occupationally. Hopefully, more researches are required to assess the prevalence of anxiety among paramedic practitioners. Addressing the problem at an earlier stage will positively affect the students who will become practitioners in the future.

scholarly journals An Assessment of the Level of COVID-19 Anxiety among Pregnant Women in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 5869
Author(s):  
Kinga Janik ◽  
Urszula Cwalina ◽  
Grażyna Iwanowicz-Palus ◽  
Mateusz Cybulski
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Expectant Mothers

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused general anxiety worldwide. Pregnant women are at a much higher risk of developing the infection due to multiple changes that occur in the body during this period. The consequences of the disease can be dramatic not only for the expectant mothers, but also for their unborn children. SARS-CoV-2 infection is generally known to cause serious concerns about future health and life. The data on the severity of COVID-19 pandemic-related anxiety in pregnant women are insufficient. The aim of the study was to assess the level of COVID-19-related anxiety among pregnant women in Poland. Materials and Methods: The study included 173 pregnant women who volunteered for the research. The research was conducted by means of an online diagnostic survey containing an original questionnaire and the following standardized tools: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI), and General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Results: Women hospitalised during pregnancy differed statistically significantly in terms of STAI-X1 scores. Primiparas obtained statistically significantly higher SHAI scores than multiparas. Women with higher education had higher SHAI scores. In the GAD-7 scale, 13.3% of respondents obtained a score suggesting a suspected generalised anxiety disorder. Conclusions: Pregnant women are concerned about both developing COVID-19 and the consequences of infection for themselves and their unborn children. The study demonstrated anxiety of varying severity (depending on the tool used). Hospital stay during pregnancy is an additional stressor in expectant women. Further studies are needed to assess the level of COVID-19-related anxiety to assess this phenomenon in Poland in more detail.

scholarly journals Screening for Anxiety Disorders Among Schoolchildren with Asthma

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Jasmina R. Milovanovic ◽  
Katerina Dajic ◽  
Anđelka Stojkovic ◽  
Aleksandra Tomic Lucic ◽  
Slobodan M. Jankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Asthma Control ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThe aim of this study was to perform screening for anxiety disorders among children with asthma and to reveal factors associated with general anxiety disorder and its specific forms.This was a cross-sectional study conducted among out-patients with asthma during routine visits to pediatricians. They were screened for anxiety disorders using SCARED self-reported questionnaire. Additional data were collected using specially designed questionnaire as well as the patient files. Statistical analysis was performed by the SPPS software using descriptive statistics and logistic regression.Study population consisted mostly of schoolchildren (n=58), 8-12 years old, and adolescents (13-17 years) (n=13). Approximately 33.8% respondents were positive for general anxiety disorder. The most common were separation anxiety and social anxiety, recorded among 49.3% and 32.4% of patients, respectively. Generalized anxiety and panic/somatic disorder were recorded in the same percentage of patients (21.3%), while avoiding school was the least frequent (14.08%). Influence of numerous factors was tested, but only the following showed significant effects: peak expiratory flow test was associated with general anxiety disorder, patient’s age and gender with PD, and living place, asthma control according to GINA and age on GAD. Parent’s smoking was associated with SAD, age and patient’s weight status with SPH, and GINA asthma control with SA.These findings suggest that anxiety disorders are common among children and adolescents with asthma. Various factors can be associated with general anxiety disorder and its specific forms, but some of them being preventable as avoiding smoking in the family.

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