DIDUKH YA.P., VYNOKUROV D.S. SPATIAL-TEMPORAL CHANGES OF BIOCLIMATE FACTORS IN EUROPE

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-76
Author(s):  
Ya.P. Didukh ◽  
D.S. Vynokurov
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Climatic Research Unit ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Highly Correlated

Based on the data from Worldclim 2.0 and the Climatic Research Unit, calculations of bioclimatic hydrothermal indicators were carried out. It is pointed out that the following factors determine the development and distribution of biota, and are used for the synphytoindication method: thermoregime, cryoregime, continentality, ombroregime. Thermoregime is based on mean annual temperatures and FAR, which are highly correlated. They also are connected with the vegetative period. It was found that the higher the latitudes and the more continental climate, the sharper the changes in average annual temperatures, as well as accordingly the vegetation period is longer. Cryoregime is one of the most significant limiting factors that determine the distribution of species, their ontogenetic cycle, the peculiarities of their phenology etc. We used average January temperatures to calculate it. It has been suggested that the change in cryoclimate led to the expansion of maple. It has an advantage over hornbeam, linden and oak because its phenological features have changed. Continentality and ombroregime affect the distribution of communities at the landscape level. We used the Gorchinsky index to calculate the continentality and the de Martonne index to calculate the ombroregime. Their change for some types of habitats contributes to the expansion of their distribution, and for others – to their reduction. As a result, there is a zonal replacement of some types of habitats by others (forests-steppes-deserts). Instead, for azonal types of habitats (aquatic vegetation, eutrophic swamps, meadows), these factors are not limiting. Corresponding maps have been created that reflect 30-year time intervals (1901-1929, 1930-1959, 1960-1989 and 1990-2019) and regional changes within Europe. A rather significant change is recorded at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries (1990-2019), which is associated with climate warming. Temporal and regional changes are multidirectional (in nature, gradient and magnitude). Correlations between them and bioclimatic parameters have been established. This serves as a basis for assigning Ukraine to four types of bioclimate (sub-humid suboceanic – forest and forest-steppe zones; subarid subcontinental – steppe zone, mountainous – Carpathians and mountain-sub-Mediterranean – Mountain Crimea). Each of them is characterized by qualitative differences. When developing appropriate forecasts for the development and changes of biota and ecosystems, it is necessary to take into account these features.

scholarly journals Особливості біології та шкідливості вічкової галиці (Thomasiniana Oculiperda Rubs.) і захист від неї саджанців яблуні в розсаднику Лісостепу України

2015 ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Ю. П. Яновський ◽  
С. В. Cуханов ◽  
В. П. Гричанюк
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Effective Temperature ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Lower Threshold ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Leaf Curling ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Pest Infestation

Наведено результати досліджень з уточнення біо-логічних особливостей вічкової галиці (Thomasinianaoculiperda Rubs.) у розсаднику яблуні в зоні ЛісостепуУкраїни. Встановлено, що зимують личинки в грунтіна глибині 4–5 см, відродження яких спостерігаєтьсяв кінці першої–на початку другої декади квітня, азалялькування – в кінці другої – на початку третьоїдекади квітня. Літ дорослих самок відбувається удругій половині травня – першій половині червня. Че-рез 8–10 днів з’являються личинки, які пошкоджують29,8–37,7 % защеплених бруньок («вічок»). За веґета-ційний період шкідник розвивається у трьох поколін-нях. Для розвитку одного покоління шкідника необ-хідна сума ефективних температур від 274,3°С до290,6°С (нижній поріг складає 15,6°С). Вивчено тех-нічну ефективність застосування препаратів у захис-ті цієї культури від шкідника. Встановлено, що длязниження її шкідливості необхідно застосовуватиінсектициди «Моспілан», РП (0,2 кг/га), «Каліпсо» 480SC, КС (0,25 л/га), «Сумітіон», КЕ (2,5 л/га), «Гло-віс», СК ( 1,5 л/га), «Дурсбан» 480, к.е. (2,0 л/га), «Зо-лон» 35, к.е. (3,0 л/га), «Ланнат» 20, РК (1,2 л/га) та«Пірінекс» 480, КЕ (2,0 л/га). The results of studies were showed to clarify the biological peculiarities, harmfulness of apple leaf curling midge of apple trees’ sapling and efficacy of insecticides in control of pest infestation in Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. It is established, that larva overwinters in the soil on the depth of 4-5 cm, their revival is observed at the end of 1st till the end of second decade of April and pupation – in late second – early third decade of April. Adult female’s  flights take place in the second decade of May – first decade of June. In 8–10 days larva appears, which damage 29,8–37,7 % of grafting buds.  During the vegetation period the pest is developing by three generations. For one generation of pest’s development need the sum of effective temperature from 274,3°С to 290,6°С (the lower threshold of the temperature is 15,6°С).         The technical efficiency of products application in protection of this crop against this pest is studied. It is established that for decreasing of its harmfulness it needed to apply the following insecticides Mospilan, RP (0,2 kg/hа), Calipso 480 SC, (0,25 l/hа), Sumition, КЕ (2,5 l/hа), Hlovis  СК ( 1,5 l/hа), Dursban 480, SC (2,0 l/hа), Zolon 35, KE (3,0 l/hа), Lannate 20,RК  (1,2 l/hа) and Pirineks 480, КЕ (2,0 l/hа).

scholarly journals Use of remote Earth sensing for agro-ecological estimation of soil cover structures and optimisation of agriculture in the forest-steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk territory

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Yuliya V. Gorbunova ◽  
Tatyana N. Demyanenko ◽  
Valentina V. Chuprova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Earth Remote Sensing ◽  
Soil Structures ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Adaptive Landscape Agriculture

The possibilities of using data of Earth remote sensing for the construction of a geomorphological profile for the purpose of agroecological assessment of soil cover patterns and subsequent land typification as a basis for the design of adaptive landscape agriculture in the Krasnoyarsk Territory are considered. The geomorphological profile illustrates the features of the relief and regularities in the distribution of soil structures with a certain set of agro-ecological conditions and limiting factors that determine the choice of agro-technologies and farming systems.

scholarly journals New cultivar of soybean Gorinskaya

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
N. I. Kashevarov ◽  
R. I. Polyudina ◽  
D. A. Potapov
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
State Register ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Variety Testing ◽  
Number Of Branches

The paper presents results of research into breeding of the new soybean cultivar Gorinskaya by the methods of hybridization and individual selection. Soybean varieties SibNIIK-315 (female parent) and Fiskebi V (male parent) were used as a starting material. The studies were carried out in the forest-steppe zone of the Western Siberia (Novosibirsk region). Soybean Gorinskaya belongs to the Manchu subspecies. The plants have a light brown (reddish) pubescence of the stem, leaves, beans. The growth pattern and the type of apex is intermediate, the number of branches is 1–3, the angle of branching is 20–30 degrees, the bush is compressed. The height to the first branch is 6–10 cm, the attachment height of the lower pod is 10–13 cm. The beans are distributed evenly throughout the plant. The length of the stem is 55–75 cm, the number of internodes on the stem is 12–15. The inflorescence is a small-flowered raceme of 3-5 flowers. The corolla is purple in color. The pods are slightly curved with a pointed tip; when ripe, they acquire a brown color. The seeds are elongated-oval, greenish-yellow in color, without pigmentation. The seed hilum is brown. The cultivar is the grain variety for use. The yield in the competitive variety testing reached 29.4 c / ha. The mass of seeds per plant is 10–12 g, the mass of 1000 seeds is 150–160 g. The number of seeds per pod is 2-3; the average number of pods per 1 productive node is 2-3. The protein content in seeds is 35-38, fat – 17-19%. Duration of the vegetative period is 100-105 days. The cultivar is medium resistant to diseases, cold, drought, and soil salinity. In 2018, the Gorinskaya soybean variety was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements Approved for Use in the Russian Federation for the East Siberian region.

scholarly journals The content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in leaves of undergrowth species in hornbeam-oak forest stands of the forest-steppe zone in Western Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Zaïka ◽  
Taras Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Pigment Complex ◽  
Western Ukraine

Abstract In this study, the biosynthesis of the plastid pigments chlorophyll a and b was examined for the most common shrubs in hornbeam-oak forest stands of the Western forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. The characteristics of the pigments’ biosynthesis were determined in terms of plant species, vegetation period and growth conditions (under canopy cover and out in the open). The gathered data on the changes of the pigment complex with respect to the examined variables confirms the sensitivity of plastid pigment biosynthesis to environmental factors.

scholarly journals Number and taxonomic structure of blood-sucking insects community in the forest-steppe zone of Tyumen Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-546
Author(s):  
T. A. Khlyzova
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
The Impact

The abundance level of blood-sucking Diptera is, to a large extent, determined by natural and climatic conditions and hydrological regime of rivers, and is subject to significant fluctuations. In order to assess the impact of meteorological conditions of the season on the abundance of blood-sucking Diptera, the abundance ratio of horseflies, mosquitoes, blackflies and midges in the forest-steppe zone of Tyumen Region for 2006, 2013-2017 was compared. The study was performed in the surroundings of Isetskoye Village and Barkhatovo Village in Isetsky District of Tyumen Region. This area belongs to the province of Tobol forest-steppe. The study area is located on the left bank of Iset river. The forest-steppe zone is located in the south of the region. The region has very cold winters, the average temperature in January is -18-20ºС. The summer season lasts about 125 days, the average temperature in July is +19-20ºC. Spring and autumn seasons are short. The region is characterized by late frosts in spring until the end of the first decade of June and early autumn, and sometimes in late August. Analysis of data obtained showed that of the six seasons studied the largest gnus abundance was registered in 2014, the minimum abundance was in 2006. The abundance level and the individual components ratio of «GNUS» complex were subject to significant changes depending on the season, in 2006 and 2014, the blackflies were mostly collected, and in 2013, 2015-2017 – mosquitoes. Meteorological and hydrological conditions of winter and spring seasons have the greatest impact on the level of insect populations of «gnuts» complex. Seasonal fluctuations in abundance of blackflies was 3 times, midges ‒ 9, horseflies and mosquitoes ‒ 10. The main limiting factors for the mass development of blood-sucking Diptera in the forest-steppe zone of Tyumen Region are hard and dry winters that cause insect death at the pre-imaginal stages of development, as well as huge temperature swings in spring and summer and small areas of breeding grounds.

scholarly journals The number of insects of midges complex and ratio of its various components in the forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
T. A. Khlyzova
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Preimaginal Stages

The purpose of the research is comparing abundance levels of blood-sucking dipterans in the forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen Region for 8 years with different meteorological conditions.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in 2006 and 2013–2019 in vicinity of the villages of Isetskoe and Barkhatovo, Isetsky District, Tyumen Region. Tabanid flies were collected and counted using funnel-shaped traps permanently on the same pasture on a regular basis once every 5–7 days during the entire emergence period. When counting the number of mosquitoes, midges and sandflies, we used a net with removable bags. Each count included 10 sweeps with a motion of the figure eight "around itself" in 10 replications.Results and discussion. The abundance of blood-sucking dipterans is largely determined by natural and climatic conditions and a hydrological regime of rivers, and is liable to significant fluctuations. The maximum abundance of gnats was recorded in 2014, the minimum in 2006. In comparing the average number for seasons with maximum and minimum abundance, a difference of 3.7 times was found. The abundance level and ratio of individual components of the midges complex depending on the season also underwent significant changes. In collected insects, midges dominated in 2006 and 2014, and mosquitoes in 2013 and in 2015–2019. Meteorological and hydrological conditions in winter and spring had the biggest impact on the abundance level of insects of the midges complex. Fluctuations in the abundance were 9 times for mosquitoes, 20 times for tabanid flies, and 39 times for midges and sandflies depending on the season. The main limiting factors for mass development of blood-sucking Diptera in the forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen Region are hard and dry winters which cause death of some insects at the preimaginal stages in development, as well as sharp changes in air temperature in the spring-summer period and small areas of breeding places.

scholarly journals The Typicality of Hydrothermal Conditions of the Forest Steppe and Their Influence on the Productivity of Crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-95
Author(s):  
Andrii Butenko ◽  
Dmytrо Litvinov ◽  
Natalia Borys ◽  
Olena Litvinova ◽  
Ihor Masyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Analysis of changes in hydrothermal conditions of growing crops in the forest steppe zone of Ukraine over a period of 2004–2016 showed that by the average monthly air temperature more than a half of the years under study and by rainfall nearly a third of the researched period differed significantly from the average long-term value and were close to extreme weather. Statistical analysis of long-term indicators of the air temperature regime is evidence of a steady trend towards an increase in average annual air temperature with significant fluctuations in indices in separate periods from 7.9 ± 2.9 to 10.0 ± 2.5oС and a decrease in the amount and instability of natural moisture entry. The influence of weather conditions on the formation of productivity of spiked cereals (winter and spring wheat, spring barley) and maize was assessed at the current agrometeorological risks in the forest steppe of Ukraine. Based on the correlation-regression analysis, mathematical models were created that reproduce the dependence of grain yields upon the complex weather conditions of the growing season, the impact of which reached 60–70%. The conditions of eight years (2006–2008, 2011–2014 and 2016), when the hydrothermal index for the vegetation period was 1.13–1.76, turned out to be optimal by hydrothermal indicators to harvest maize yield at 5.83–9.47 t/ha. However, the years of 2005, 2009–2010 and 2015 were unfavorable as they received precipitation by 120 mm lower than a norm or 36% of the norm. The rainfall by 37–61% lower than a norm in June–July and grain yield 3.12–6.51 t/ha were also characteristic of the years mentioned above.

scholarly journals Impact of climat changes on agro-climatic indices of the vegetative period of main agricultural crops

2017 ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
A. N. Polevoy ◽  
L. E. Bozhko ◽  
E. A. Barsukova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Climatic Scenarios ◽  
Thermal Indicators

Article in question investigates indicators of the moisture-temperature regime for the period of 1986 - 2005 (base period) and compares them to their expected changes calculated for different scenarios of climate change GFDL-30 %, A1B, A2, RCP4,5 and RCP8,5 for the period of 2021 - 2050 on the territory of Ukraine. Calculations reviled that most abrupt changes in moisture-temperature indicators in different soil-climatic zones of Ukraine can be expected in case of scenarios GFDL-30 %, А1В and А2. In case of scenarios of climate change RСР4,5, RСР8,5 thermal indicators are expected to be at the level of multilevel averages in all natural and climatic zones of Ukraine, except for Southern Steppe, where they are expected to grow. The greatest changes in all areas are expected under scenario GFDL-30 %, and they will increase from north to south. Under scenario А1В the greatest difference between calculated values and average multi-year values will be observed in the Forest-Steppe zone and in the Southern Steppe. Under scenarios RCP4,5 и RCP8,5 significant changes in the temperature regime are predicted only for the south and east of Ukraine. At the same time, according to the scenario of RCP4.5, a significant increase in seasonal winter air temperatures is forecasted. Analysis of the results of calculations for different climatic scenarios of water availability indicators for different natural and climatic zones of Ukraine for the period from 2021 to 2050 reviled that the most drastic changes in the climatic parameters of humidification are expected in the case of the scenarios GFDL-30 %, A1B and A2. In case of climate change scenarios RCP4.5, RCP8.5, no quick changes in the distribution of precipitation over the territory of Ukraine should be ex-pected. The greatest amount of precipitation for the year and in average for the seasons of the year is projected for the western regions of the country, the least one - for the southern regions. At the same time, for most regions the trend to increase the amount of precipitation is most likely in the case of the development of the GFDL-30 %, A1B and A2 scenarios. However, according to the scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, rainfall is expected to decline for the year as a whole and especially in the summer season in comparison with the actual for 1986 - 2005.

Irrigation regime and water consumption of potatoes in the Republic of Bashkortostan, depending on the reclamation condition of lands

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Guzel Gumerova ◽  
Georgiy Gulyuk ◽  
Dmitry Kucher ◽  
Anatoly Shuravilin ◽  
Elena Piven
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
The Republic

Data of long-term researches (2015–2018) in southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan, is justified theoretically and experimentally the mode of irrigation of potatoes on leached chernozems of unsatisfactory, satisfactory and good ameliorative condition of irrigated lands. For the growing periods of potatoes with different heat and moisture supply, the number of watering, the timing of their implementation, irrigation and irrigation norms are established. On lands with unsatisfactory meliorative state the number of irrigation depending on weather conditions of potato vegetation period varied from 0 to 3 (1.5 on average) with average irrigation norm – 990 m3/ha. With satisfactory meliorative state of lands the number of irrigation on average increased from 0 to 4 (2.3 on average) with irrigation norm – 1305 m3/ha. On lands with good meliorative state the number of irrigation was the highest – from 1 to 5 (3 on average) with average irrigation irrigation norm is 1653 m3/ha. It was noted that in the dry periods of potato vegetation the greatest number of watering was carried out (3–5 watering), and in the wet periods (2017) watering was not carried out except for the area with a good reclamation state, where only one irrigation was carried out by the norm of 550 m3/ha. Water consumption of potato was studied in dynamics as a whole during the growing season and the months of the growing season depending on weather conditions of vegetation period and land reclamation condition of irrigated lands, as well as in the control (without irrigation). The lowest total water consumption was in the area without irrigation and averaged 226.8 mm. In irrigated areas, its values increased to 319-353.4 mm. The average daily water consumption varied from 2.12 to 3.3 mm. The highest rates of potato water consumption were observed in June and July, and the lowest – in May and August. In the total water consumption of potatoes on the site without irrigation, the largest share was occupied by atmospheric precipitation and in addition to them the arrival of moisture from the soil. Irrigation water was used in irrigated areas along with precipitation, the share of which was 30.2–46.1 %.

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