scholarly journals The content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in leaves of undergrowth species in hornbeam-oak forest stands of the forest-steppe zone in Western Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Zaïka ◽  
Taras Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Pigment Complex ◽  
Western Ukraine

Abstract In this study, the biosynthesis of the plastid pigments chlorophyll a and b was examined for the most common shrubs in hornbeam-oak forest stands of the Western forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. The characteristics of the pigments’ biosynthesis were determined in terms of plant species, vegetation period and growth conditions (under canopy cover and out in the open). The gathered data on the changes of the pigment complex with respect to the examined variables confirms the sensitivity of plastid pigment biosynthesis to environmental factors.

scholarly journals Vegetation cover and small mammals as the components of biocoenosis in the conditions of the Volga Upland

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Elena Evgenievna Boryakova
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
The Village

The study of the nature reserve oak forest near the village of Pelya-Khovanskaya ecosystem was done in the region of Nizhny Novgorod. The investigated wood is unique for its complex structure. It is situated in the forest-steppe zone, characterized by a high species diversity of small mammals and vegetation, which indicates the complexity of trophic and spatial connections. Several series of sample plots were described: 41 of 2020 m and a number of 11 m sites, totaling 300. Abundance of species by Brown-Blanke scale and the number of specimens of adolescence were specified for each 1 sq. m. plot. Mammals were trapped with the help of trapping grooves and transects method. Vegetation cover is characterized by the presence of a clear intra-differentiation as well as the existence of two basic ecologo-coenotic groups/cores - the nemoral (with Pulmonaria obscura Dum. as the center species of the core) and the meadow-fringe. The most distinct group is formed by forest-shoot species. It can be explained by more forest-steppe rather than nemoral nature of vegetation. Small mammals are represented by the following species: common and small shrews, small forest mouse, yellow-throated and field mice and harvest mouse, vole-housekeeper, common, plowed and red voles, European mole. Two species among them - vole-housekeeper and mouse-baby - are listed in the Red Book of the Nizhny Novgorod Region. Matching burrows of mouse-like rodents with soil richness with nitrogen and humidity, two well-defined peaks are observed. The greatest number of burrows is found in places where the soil is high in nitrogen. Moles were found in areas with a large projective coating of Primula veris: coefficient Spearman rank 0,50. There was a negative correlation of the number of moles and vegetation covering of Pyrethrum corymbosum (-0,46), which is the marker of the driest parts in the forest. In general, the nature reserve oak forest near the village of Pelya-Khovanskaya is of considerable interest, both from botanical and from zoological point of view. Long-term studies of biocoenosis will allow to monitor the facility and to correct the proposed protective measures.

scholarly journals Особливості біології та шкідливості вічкової галиці (Thomasiniana Oculiperda Rubs.) і захист від неї саджанців яблуні в розсаднику Лісостепу України

2015 ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Ю. П. Яновський ◽  
С. В. Cуханов ◽  
В. П. Гричанюк
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Effective Temperature ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Lower Threshold ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Leaf Curling ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Pest Infestation

Наведено результати досліджень з уточнення біо-логічних особливостей вічкової галиці (Thomasinianaoculiperda Rubs.) у розсаднику яблуні в зоні ЛісостепуУкраїни. Встановлено, що зимують личинки в грунтіна глибині 4–5 см, відродження яких спостерігаєтьсяв кінці першої–на початку другої декади квітня, азалялькування – в кінці другої – на початку третьоїдекади квітня. Літ дорослих самок відбувається удругій половині травня – першій половині червня. Че-рез 8–10 днів з’являються личинки, які пошкоджують29,8–37,7 % защеплених бруньок («вічок»). За веґета-ційний період шкідник розвивається у трьох поколін-нях. Для розвитку одного покоління шкідника необ-хідна сума ефективних температур від 274,3°С до290,6°С (нижній поріг складає 15,6°С). Вивчено тех-нічну ефективність застосування препаратів у захис-ті цієї культури від шкідника. Встановлено, що длязниження її шкідливості необхідно застосовуватиінсектициди «Моспілан», РП (0,2 кг/га), «Каліпсо» 480SC, КС (0,25 л/га), «Сумітіон», КЕ (2,5 л/га), «Гло-віс», СК ( 1,5 л/га), «Дурсбан» 480, к.е. (2,0 л/га), «Зо-лон» 35, к.е. (3,0 л/га), «Ланнат» 20, РК (1,2 л/га) та«Пірінекс» 480, КЕ (2,0 л/га). The results of studies were showed to clarify the biological peculiarities, harmfulness of apple leaf curling midge of apple trees’ sapling and efficacy of insecticides in control of pest infestation in Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. It is established, that larva overwinters in the soil on the depth of 4-5 cm, their revival is observed at the end of 1st till the end of second decade of April and pupation – in late second – early third decade of April. Adult female’s  flights take place in the second decade of May – first decade of June. In 8–10 days larva appears, which damage 29,8–37,7 % of grafting buds.  During the vegetation period the pest is developing by three generations. For one generation of pest’s development need the sum of effective temperature from 274,3°С to 290,6°С (the lower threshold of the temperature is 15,6°С).         The technical efficiency of products application in protection of this crop against this pest is studied. It is established that for decreasing of its harmfulness it needed to apply the following insecticides Mospilan, RP (0,2 kg/hа), Calipso 480 SC, (0,25 l/hа), Sumition, КЕ (2,5 l/hа), Hlovis  СК ( 1,5 l/hа), Dursban 480, SC (2,0 l/hа), Zolon 35, KE (3,0 l/hа), Lannate 20,RК  (1,2 l/hа) and Pirineks 480, КЕ (2,0 l/hа).

PRODUCTIVITY OF STANDS AND EVALUATION OF NATURAL RESTORATION IN COASTAL FORESTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ульданова ◽  
Railya Uldanova ◽  
Сабиров ◽  
Ayrat Sabirov
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Coastal Forests ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Insufficient Amount ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Coniferous Ecosystems

Taxation characteristics of stands of coastal forest ecosystem of the Volga region of the Republic of Tatarstan. The generally accepted methods of a research in forest taxation, constant and the temporary trial areas. The researched forest formations: oak, lime, birch, maple, willow, pine, larch. High productivity of pine (Ia-I quality class) and larch (Ia-I), lime (I-II) and birch (Ia-II) plantings. Age of forest stands of a pine - 50-80 years, larches - 48-54 years, lindens - 43-90 years, birches - 33-60 years. Distribution of trees of the prevailing breeds on thickness steps. Statistics of distribution of trees. Differentiation of trees in forest stands (V=19-37%). In plantings a frequent subgrowth of a pine and maple. The insufficient number of subgrowth in the coastal woods. Reasons of weak natural reforestation: the initial stage of forest regeneration process in young plantings; quite powerful forest laying in coniferous ecosystems; distribution of developed heavy sod in birch forests; insufficient amount of light under bed lime phytocenosis, the use of seeds of forest forming breeds by forest fauna; pasturage of the cattle in plantings, adjacent to settlements; the raised recreational load of forest ecosystems; the adverse climatic factors in a forest-steppe zone influencing development of shoots of tree species.

Spatial distribution of trees on light taiga plots before selective thinning

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Gradel ◽  
Ochirragchaa Nadaldorj ◽  
Aleksandr A Altaev ◽  
Aleksandr A Voinkov ◽  
Enkhtuya Bazarradnaa
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Disturbance Regime ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Tree Distribution ◽  
Tree Distributions ◽  
Spatial Tree

Since 2009 the School of Agroecology and Business, Institute of Plant and Agricultural Sciences of the Mongolian University of Life Sciences in Darkhan has established research plots in two research areas in the Selenge aimag. The establishment was conducted in close cooperation with development organisations (FAO, GIZ) and the University of Goettingen. The purpose of the research initiative is to combine capacity development and monitoring of forest structure in the mountain forest steppe zone and taiga zone. Here we report results on the horizontal spatial structure of forest stands. We analysed the spatial distribution of trees on birch and larch plots of the research area «Altansumber» before a selective thinning took place on some plots in 2009. The research area is situated in the mountain forest steppe zone. The forests belong to the light taiga. The selected stands approach a chronosequence. The results showed that the tree distributions were mainly irregular («clumped»).Random spatial tree distribution occurred especially in the medium-aged birch stand. We found no indication of regular tree distributions in any of the plots. We assume that the disturbance regime and successional processes are the driving factors leading to the specific tree distribution pattern on the plots. Due to different regeneration strategies and life span of the dominating species the birch stands and the larch stands seem to differ slightly concerning the chronological occurrence of clumped and random spatial tree distribution. We finally conclude that a better control of the disturbance regime would not only support an undisturbed forest succession to riper forest stands but also result in less forest stands with irregular spatial distribution. This may also have implications on forest productivity.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.15(2) 2015; 91-99

scholarly journals Оценка воздействия препаратов на основе Bacillus Subtilis и Trichoderma Viride на фитосанитарную ситуацию в посевах и продуктивность яровой пшеницы в северной лесостепи Западной Сибири

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
С. Бурлакова ◽  
◽  
М. Егорычева ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
High Level

The study was carried out in laboratory conditions and in the field experiment in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. The protective effect of seed treatment with biofungicides Trichodermin and Sporobacterin in combination with spraying wheat crops with Fitosporin against root rot, the growth effect in the synergism of the biological properties of drugs was studied. It is shown that under the greening growth conditions of wheat, it is possible to replace the combination of chemical treatments with biological ones while maintaining a high level of productivity. The mechanism of influence of some combinations of drugs, revealing the peculiarities of biochemical processes in the cells of flag leaves of plants, on the forecast of productivity at the early stages of plant development has been revealed.

scholarly journals Natural reforestation of Kuzbass dumps

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 00012
Author(s):  
Olga Klimova ◽  
Andrei Kupriyanov
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Populus Tremula ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Invasion Species

We study the restoration of coal mining dumps through reforestation in the forest-steppe zone of Kuzbass. 3 main forest-forming species (Betula pendula, Pinus sylvestris and Populus tremula) and 11 accompanying tree species were involved in the formation of forest stands. The main forest-forming species was Betula pendula. The amount of renewal was found to be 10.7, 3.1 and 1.0 thousand pcs/ha in sites with favourable, moderate favourable and unfavourable environmental conditions, respectively. The level of natural reforestation on dumps in the southern forest-steppe zone can be described as weak. The renewal of the Acer negundo invasion species was determined by a continuous drift of seeds on the dumps; however, its seedlings and young undergrowth did not reach a generative age.

DIDUKH YA.P., VYNOKUROV D.S. SPATIAL-TEMPORAL CHANGES OF BIOCLIMATE FACTORS IN EUROPE

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-76
Author(s):  
Ya.P. Didukh ◽  
D.S. Vynokurov
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Climatic Research Unit ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Highly Correlated

Based on the data from Worldclim 2.0 and the Climatic Research Unit, calculations of bioclimatic hydrothermal indicators were carried out. It is pointed out that the following factors determine the development and distribution of biota, and are used for the synphytoindication method: thermoregime, cryoregime, continentality, ombroregime. Thermoregime is based on mean annual temperatures and FAR, which are highly correlated. They also are connected with the vegetative period. It was found that the higher the latitudes and the more continental climate, the sharper the changes in average annual temperatures, as well as accordingly the vegetation period is longer. Cryoregime is one of the most significant limiting factors that determine the distribution of species, their ontogenetic cycle, the peculiarities of their phenology etc. We used average January temperatures to calculate it. It has been suggested that the change in cryoclimate led to the expansion of maple. It has an advantage over hornbeam, linden and oak because its phenological features have changed. Continentality and ombroregime affect the distribution of communities at the landscape level. We used the Gorchinsky index to calculate the continentality and the de Martonne index to calculate the ombroregime. Their change for some types of habitats contributes to the expansion of their distribution, and for others – to their reduction. As a result, there is a zonal replacement of some types of habitats by others (forests-steppes-deserts). Instead, for azonal types of habitats (aquatic vegetation, eutrophic swamps, meadows), these factors are not limiting. Corresponding maps have been created that reflect 30-year time intervals (1901-1929, 1930-1959, 1960-1989 and 1990-2019) and regional changes within Europe. A rather significant change is recorded at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries (1990-2019), which is associated with climate warming. Temporal and regional changes are multidirectional (in nature, gradient and magnitude). Correlations between them and bioclimatic parameters have been established. This serves as a basis for assigning Ukraine to four types of bioclimate (sub-humid suboceanic – forest and forest-steppe zones; subarid subcontinental – steppe zone, mountainous – Carpathians and mountain-sub-Mediterranean – Mountain Crimea). Each of them is characterized by qualitative differences. When developing appropriate forecasts for the development and changes of biota and ecosystems, it is necessary to take into account these features.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Ecological Plasticity аnd Stability of Some Promising Varieties of Poplars

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
A.P. Tsarev ◽  
◽  
V.A. Tsarev ◽  
R.P. Tsareva ◽  
N.V. Laur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Ecological Plasticity ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Growing Conditions

When developing promising assortments of forest woody plants, it is important to take into account not only their growth and survival in some particular environment, but also their respond to change in growing conditions. In this regard, the purpose of this work is to evaluate the ecological plasticity and stability of some poplar varieties promising for the southeastern part of European Russia and Ukraine using the Eberhart and Russell method. The research was carried out on three testing sites: upland environment of the forest-steppe zone of the Voronezh region; floodplain environment of the dry steppe zone of the Volgograd region; and floodplain environment of the steppe zone of the Donetsk region. Five promising poplar varieties were identified and studied at each of the experimental sites. The indices of survival, growth in height and diameter, trunk volumes, and productivity by wood stocks and average increments are presented for each variety. Due to the average increments change with age, the ontogeny period from 21 to 30 years was chosen for the study, during which the average survival of poplars varies slightly. It was found that Regenerata, which is characterized by average plasticity and the lowest stability, was the most productive of the studied poplar varieties. It can perform high productivity only in the favorable environment. The poplar variety Pioneer demonstrated the least plasticity. Its productivity did not vary too much with change in growth conditions at average ecological stability. The highest plasticity at average ecological stability was observed in the Vernirubens variety. Average plasticity and stability were observed in poplar E.s.-38. The poplar variety Marilandica was also characterized by average plasticity, and high ecological stability. The research results allow using of the studied varieties more rational in different growing conditions, with regard to their environmental characteristics.

scholarly journals Betula pendula Roth. natural regeneration in forest-steppe zone of Tatarstan Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
I.K. Singatullin ◽  
◽  
Sh.Sh. Shakhraziev ◽  
S.G. Glushko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Vegetative Regeneration ◽  
Seed Origin ◽  
Seed Regeneration

A direct dependence of the birch coppice regeneration on the diameter of the tree trunk, felling age, forest growth conditions, seed regeneration, soil and climatic conditions and the degree of soil mineralization has been revealed. It was found that after the dying of a 30-year-old birch due to a drought in 2010, coppice shoots appeared in 10 % of the trees on the studied area. The reasons for vegetative regeneration have been determined, which mainly occurs by the degree of thickness in trees with a trunk diameter of up to 22 cm, or by the category of state in dead wood (70 % of the total number of coppice). The absence of seed birch undergrowth in drying birch plantations was found as a result of the tremendous soil ramping and the predominance of small-leaved lime, aspen undergrowth, Norway maple of seed origin, and seed origin oak, which requires tending. For successful birch seed regeneration under favorable climatic conditions, it is recommended to carry out soil mineralization of at least 50 % of the total area. When carrying out vegetative propagation, it is necessary to cut birch no older than 40 years, and in case of useful properties loss in birch forests over 71 years old in protective forests, we recommend the use of clear cutting but not selective cutting. Keywords: natural renewal, hanging birch, undergrowth, logging, Republic of Tatarstan

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document