THE UPPER PALEOLITHIC SITE KORMAN’ 9

Near the village of Korman’ (Sokyryany district, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine) several Palaeolithic sites are known. In the 1960s and 70s, O. P. Chernysh conducted archaeological studies of the site Korman’ IV. In 2012 the new Palaeolithic site named as Korman’ 9 was discovered by the Dniester Palaeolithic expedition of the IA NASU. A preliminary fieldwork season was conducted in 2013. The main research focused on the chronostratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental study of the site. In the approximately 4 metres thick Quaternary deposits (dating to the late Pleniglacial), three Upper Paleolithic levels were observed. The main raw materials used by late Pelistocene humans were local Turonian and Cenomanian flint. The faunal remains in all levels are dominated by reindeer. In level I two fireplaces were recorded. One about 1 m in diameter has a layer of burnt loess at its bottom with a thickness of about 10 cm. The collection of 932 lithic artifacts comprises cores, tools, blanks, chips, and chunks. The primary knapping is characterized by parallel uni- and bi-directional blade, bladelet and microblade production. The tools (n = 92) are dominated by backed bladelets / microblades (n = 69). There is a single endscraper, and the few burins are represented by dihedral burins (n = 2), one bruin on a a break and one on a truncation. Other tools represented are bilaterally retouched points, borer, combination tool and retouched pieces. Additionally, in level I, the following personal ornaments were found: one pendant of amber, one pendant of fox tooth, one pendant of a perforated shell and three shell beads. Level II. A collection of 20 flint artifacts is presented exclusively by the products of primary flaking. In level III, a small number of flint artifacts (n = 67) were recovered, including two cores, one endscraper, and three retouched pieces. The lithic industry of level I, according to the technical-typological characteristic and chronostratigraphic position, can be attributed to the Epi-Gravettian technocomplex. It is possible, that the collection of level II also belongs to the same technocomplex, but due to the small number of finds, the authors refrain from concrete conclusions. Collection of level III on the base of morphological features can be attributed to the Gravettian technocomplex and is currently undated.

Download Full-text

New Evidence of the Late Neopleistocene Peopling of the Lower Ob Valley

Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia ◽

10.17746/1563-0110.2021.49.1.009-020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 9-20

Author(s):

I. D. Zolnikov ◽

A. A. Anoikin ◽

E. A. Filatov ◽

A. V. Vybornov ◽

A. V. Vasiliev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Upper Paleolithic ◽

The Arctic ◽

Northern Eurasia ◽

West Siberian Plain ◽

Faunal Remains ◽

Human Occupation ◽

Large Area ◽

Paleolithic Site ◽

The North ◽

Available Information

This study focuses on the early human occupation of the arctic part of the West Siberian Plain and introduces the finds at the Paleolithic site Kushevat (Shuryshkarsky District, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug), discovered in 2020. Geological and geomorphological characteristics of the Lower Ob region are provided, the chronology of the key Middle and Late Neopleistocene sequences is assessed, and criteria underlying the search for Paleolithic sites in the area are outlined. We describe the discovery and excavations at Kushevat, its stratigraphy and its faunal remains. On the basis of correlation with neighboring key Late Neopleistocene sections with a representative series of absolute dates, the age of the site is estimated at cal 50–35 ka BP. Results of a traceological study of a possibly human-modified reindeer antler are provided. Findings at Kushevat and the available information on the early peopling of northern Eurasia suggest that the boundary of the inhabited part of that region must be shifted ~200 km to the north. The Ob, therefore, is one of the last major Siberian rivers where traces of the Early Upper Paleolithic culture have been found. The discovery of a stratified site in its lower stretch is a milestone in the Paleolithic studies in the region. A large area over which faunal remains are distributed, and the presence of lithics among the surface finds, suggest that Kushevat is a highly prospective site for future archaeological studies of the early stages in the human peopling of the region.

Download Full-text

The Hualong Cave upper Paleolithic site in Dongzhi County, Anhui

Chinese Archaeology ◽

10.1515/char-2013-0007 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anhui Provincial Institute of Cultu

Keyword(s):

Anhui Province ◽

Upper Paleolithic ◽

Human Beings ◽

Paleolithic Site ◽

Late Paleolithic ◽

Siliceous Rock ◽

Animal Bones ◽

Lithic Industry

AbstractThe Hualong Cave Site of Paleolithic Age in Dongzhi County, Anhui Province yielded rich animal fossils, bone implements bearing clear processing traces and use-wears, and more than 100 pieces of stone implements. On the animal fossils, the animal gnawing marks and artificial cutting traces were found together; the stone implement assemblages and the preservation features of the animal fossils implied that these animal bones were utilized by the human beings, but these human beings were not hunters but scavengers eating remnants of the preys left by the predator animals. The stone implements of Hualong Cave Site were mainly made of siliceous rock and the choppers took smaller proportion than scrapers, showing the characteristics of the lithic industry in the late Paleolithic Age.

Download Full-text

The role of lithic bipolar technology in Western Iberia’s Upper Paleolithic: the case of Vale Boi (southern Portugal)

10.31235/osf.io/43e2y ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Pedro Ezequiel Horta ◽

João Cascalheira ◽

Nuno Bicho

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Upper Paleolithic ◽

Analytical Models ◽

Resource Exploitation ◽

Functional Identification ◽

Paleolithic Site ◽

Bipolar Technology ◽

Lithic Artifacts

Scaled or splintered pieces are one of the most common lithic artifacts type in Upper Paleolithic assemblages throughout Europe, especially in its westernmost regions. Despite this, and even after one century of being identified there is still no consensus on how to define, analyze or interpret these tools. In western Iberia, there is a clear lack of comprehensive studies regarding this type of artifacts at a regional scale. In this paper, we present a first techno-morphological analysis of a sample of scaled pieces from the Upper Paleolithic site of Vale Boi. Our first aim was to build upon existing analytical models in order to identify function and possible reduction strategies for these artifacts. Our second goal was to critically evaluate the role of these artifacts within western Iberia’s Upper Paleolithic. Our results showed that functional identification of scaled pieces is still not clear. By comparing our data with other author’s we found that current models could not be applied to the archaeological record, as the attribute variability is too high. Furthermore, in this region, we found that higher frequencies of bipolar technology can be found related to residential sites due to both functional and cultural patterns. While we still cannot define a specific function for these artifacts (intermediate pieces or wedges for working hard raw materials or cores for the extraction of chips and small bladelets), it is clear that they had a major role in the variability and intensification of resource exploitation during the Upper Paleolithic in western Iberia.

Download Full-text

Os artefactos líticos talhados do litoral de Vila Nova de Gaia: caracterização genérica, contextualização geoarqueológica, problemas e perspectivas

Estudos do Quaternário / Quaternary Studies ◽

10.30893/eq.v0i15.143 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 99-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sérgio Monteiro-Rodrigues ◽

Alberto Gomes ◽

João Pedro Cunha-Ribeiro

Keyword(s):

Last Glacial Period ◽

Level Ii ◽

De Se ◽

Lithic Industry ◽

Minimum Age ◽

Level I ◽

High Degree ◽

The City ◽

Very High ◽

The Last Glacial

O litoral de Vila Nova de Gaia, a sul da cidade do Porto, constitui um trecho geoarqueológico ímpar para o estudo da ocupação quaternária da fachada ocidental da Ibéria. Neste trabalho apresentam-se algumas características tecno-tipológicas das indústrias líticas do litoral de Vila Nova de Gaia e avançam-se hipóteses sobre os respetivos contextos cronoestratigráficos, litoestratigrágicos e geoarqueológicos. De acordo com observações mais ou menos pontuais realizadas durante as últimas três décadas sugere-se que:a) A indústria lítica mais antiga parece associar-se ao nível marinho I (20-30 m a.n.m.a.m.), podendo ter sido posteriormente remobilizada na sequência de processos coluvionares. A presença de bifaces e de machados de mão entre os artefactos identificados remete-a para o Acheulense;b) A ocorrência de bifaces muito boleados em depósitos coluvionares que recobrem o nível marinho II (10-20 m a.n.m.a.m.), sugere que o seu contexto primário terá sido o referido depósito marinho;c) na base do depósito do nível marinho III da Praia da Aguda ocorrem artefactos líticos enquadráveis no Acheulense (presença de bifaces e de machados de mão);d) nas coluviões sobre os níveis marinhos I e II existem artefactos muito eolizados – aparentemente posteriores às formações marinhas e anteriores à génese das coluviões – e artefactos sem qualquer alteração física – possivelmente coevos dos processos de coluvionamento. Aspetos técnicos e tipológicos observados nestes dois conjuntos artefactuais permitem avançar a hipótese de se relacionarem, respetivamente, com o último período glaciar (idade mínima) e com o Holocénico. The carved lithic artefacts from the littoral of Vila Nova de Gaia: generic characterization, geoarchaeological contextualization, problems and perspectives - The coast of Vila Nova de Gaia, south of the city of Porto, constitutes a unique geoarchaeological stretch for the study of the quaternary occupation of the western facade of Iberia. This work presents some techno-typological characteristics of the lithic industries from Vila Nova de Gaia coastline and hypotheses concerning their chronostratigraphic context are presented. According to general observations carried out during the last three decades it is suggested that:a) The earliest lithic industry seems to be associated with marine level I (20-30 a.s.l.); however, it may have been subsequently remobilized by colluvial processes. The presence of handaxes and cleavers among the artefacts connect this assemblage with the Acheulean;b) The presence of rolled handaxes in colluvial deposits overlying marine level II (10-20 m a.s.l.) suggests that their primary context may have been the mentioned marine level;c) At the bottom of the marine level III deposit from Praia da Aguda (< 10 m a.s.l) there are lithics of Acheulean age (presence of handaxes and cleavers);d) In the colluvial deposits overlying marine levels I and II there are lithic artefacts with a very high degree of aeolisation – apparently younger than the marine formations and older than the colluvial processes – and artefacts with no patina – possibly synchronous of the colluvia. Technical and typological features observed in these two sets suggest that the first one may date from the last glacial period (minimum age) and the second one from the Holocene.

Download Full-text

EVALUASI PELATIHAN TEKNIK PENANAMAN CEMPAKA BERDASARKAN TEORI THE FOUR LEVELS KIRKPATRICK

Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi ◽

10.17977/um052v12i2p64-70 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 64

Author(s):

Arif Irawan ◽

Hanif Nurul Hidayah ◽

A. Wildah

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Level Ii ◽

Before And After ◽

Post Test ◽

Training Activities ◽

Level 1 ◽

Level I ◽

Four Levels ◽

Well Level ◽

Level 2

Abstrak. Cempaka merupakan jenis kayu yang memiliki keterikatan erat dengan budaya masyarakat suku Minahasa karena digunakan dalam pembuatan rumah adat. Pasokan bahan baku kayu cempaka sudah semakin terbatas karena keberadaannya sudah semakin berkurang. Salah satu hal yang dapat dilakukan untuk mendukung kegiatan pengembangan cempaka adalah melalui penyebarluasan informasi melalui kegiatan pelatihan teknik penanaman cempaka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan evaluasi kegiatan pelatihan tenik penanaman cempaka berdasarkan teori The Four Levels yang dikembangkan oleh Kirkpatrick pada level I dan II. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara terhadap seluruh peserta kegiatan pelatihan dari 3 (tiga) kabupaten (Minahasa,Minahasa Utara, dan Minahasa Selatan) dengan jumlah peserta masing-masing kabupaten adalah berjumlah 15 orang. Data untuk evaluasi pada level 1 ditabulasi dan selanjutnya dianalisis secara deskriptif. Evaluasi pada level 2 dilakukan dengan membandingkan data hasil kuesioner pre test dan post test menggunakan uji t sampel berhubungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan tenik penanaman cempaka dapat terlakasana dengan baik (evaluasi level 1). Pelatihan mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan peserta yang ditandai dengan adanya peningkatan nilai hasil evaluasi dari kuesioner sebelum dan setelah pelatihan sebesar 22 persen di Kabupaten Minahasa; 20 persen di Kabupaten Minahasa Utara, dan 13 persen di Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan (evaluasi level II).Abstract. Cempaka (Elmerrillia sp.) is a type of woods that has a close attachment to the culture of the Minahasa community because it is used in the making of traditional houses. The supply of cempaka wood raw materials has become increasingly limited because its existence has diminished. One of the things that can be done to support the preservation of cempaka is with the dissemination through training in cempaka planting techniques. This study aims to evaluate the training activities of cempaka planting techniques based on The Four Levels theory developed by Kirkpatrick at level I and II. Data collection was carried out by interviewing all training participants from 3 (three) districts (Minahasa, North Minahasa, and South Minahasa) with 15 participants in each district. Data for evaluation at level 1 were tabulated and then analyzed descriptively. Evaluation at level 2 is carried out by comparing the results of the pre-test and post-test questionnaire using the corresponding sample t test. The results showed that the training in cempaka planting techniques was carried out well (level 1 evaluation). The training was able to increase participants' knowledge which was marked by an increase in the value of the evaluation results from the questionnaire before and after the training by 22 percent in the Minahasa District; 20 percent in North Minahasa District, and 13 percent in South Minahasa District (level II evaluation).

Download Full-text

Výsledky revízneho výskumu mladopaleolitickej lokality v Moravanoch nad Váhom-Podkovici (Slovenská republika)

Přehled výzkumů ◽

10.47382/pv0621-07 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 11-28

Author(s):

Bibiána Hromadová ◽

Adrián Nemergut ◽

Laurent Klaric ◽

Martina Moravcová Ábelová ◽

Martin Vlačiky

Keyword(s):

Field Research ◽

Upper Paleolithic ◽

Faunal Remains ◽

Paleolithic Site ◽

The North ◽

Multidisciplinary Analysis ◽

New Material ◽

Cultural Layers ◽

Cultural Classification ◽

Stone Industry

The Paleolithic site in Moravany nad Váhom-Podkovica is located in the north-eastern part of the Moravian settlement area and is among the most famous Upper Paleolithic sites in Slovakia. It is a key site of the Willendorf-Kostenkian and the so-called shouldered Point Horizon in Central Europe. Despite decades of research, interest during the previous century and the numerous existing – but lost or scattered – collections, the context of the finds and the characteristics of the cultural layers remain almost unknown. Modern research methods and the absence of the relevant chrono-cultural classification of the assemblages led to reopening the field research. This research aims to review and reassess the results of older excavations, to identify the exact location of the site and the conditions of the preservation of the layers. The goal is also to collect new material suitable for multidisciplinary analysis and dating as most of the old collections have been scattered. The new excavations conducted at the site in 2016 and 2019 brought interesting results, such as a preserved anthropogenic layer with an evident structure filled with datable material. This article presents the methodology and the results of this work with a focus on the first mineralogical evaluations, the analysis of faunal remains and an overview of the stone industry.

Download Full-text

Results of the integrated study of a large stone tool from the Upper Paleolithic site Suren I

Camera praehistorica ◽

10.31250/2658-3828-2021-1-8-24 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 8-24

Author(s):

Natalia Skakun ◽

◽

Laura Longo ◽

Vera Terekhina ◽

Irina Pantyukhina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Lower Layer ◽

Upper Paleolithic ◽

Stone Tool ◽

Processing Plant ◽

Paleolithic Site ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Crimean Peninsula ◽

Plant Raw Materials ◽

Large Stone

The materials of many Paleolithic sites in Eurasia contain large stone objects. As a rule, they retain their natural shape without any signs of artificial modification. However, the presence of characteristic use-wear features (polishing, linear traces, micro- and macrodeformations) unambiguously indicates that these stones served as tools. Multidisciplinary research, including an experimental and traceological approach, as well as analysis of organic micro-residues, make it possible to distinguish among the unmodified stone tools those that were used for processing plant raw materials. One of such tools is a large stone found in the lower layer of the Upper Paleolithic site Suren I** (Crimea). The results obtained in the course of the study suggest that the inhabitants of the site used plant materials in their household activities, as well as allow us to describe in detail the ways of adaptation of ancient people to the natural environment of the Crimean peninsula.

Download Full-text

SIFAT MEKANIK PAPAN GYPSUM DARI SERBUK LIMBAH KAYU NON KOMERSIAL

Jurnal Riset Industri Hasil Hutan ◽

10.24111/jrihh.v6i2.1231 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Saibatul Hamdi

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Wood Particle ◽

Quality Standards ◽

Gypsum Board ◽

Average Value ◽

Wood Particles ◽

Sawn Timber ◽

Materials Used ◽

Artocarpus Elasticus ◽

Ficus Glomerata

The purpose of this research is to know the mechanical strength of gypsum board by utilizing waste sawn wood. Raw materials used consist of flour, gypsum,wood particles, boraks and kambang (Goniothalamus sp), wood tarap (Artocarpus elasticus REINW) and lua (Ficus glomerata ROXB). Wood particle 40 mesh and 60 mesh, concentrations boraks of 1 and 2 and the percentage particles of gypsum sawn timber is 300, 400 and 500%. The results showed that the average value Modulus of Rufture (MoR) in lua wood ranges from 12.55 – 14,47 kgcm2, wood kambang 25.10-31,11 kgcm2 and wood tarap 19.20- 24,18 kgcm2. As for Modulus of Elasticity (MoE) on the lua 1129,80- 2092,70 kgcm2, wood kambang 2512,37-3971,32 kgcm2 and tarap 2050,63-2691,09 kgcm2. Gypsum board are mechanical properties do not meet quality standards created SNI 03-6434-2000.Keywords: sawdust, lua, kambang, tarap, gypsum, mechanical

Download Full-text

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES CONTENT IN THE LEAVES AND FRUITS OF A ROWAN-TREE (SORBUS AUCUPARIA FRUCTUS) AND ASSESSMENT OF PROSPECTS IN MEDICINE AND PHARMACY

Global problems of modernity ◽

10.26787/nydha-2713-2048-2020-1-10-11-12-58-62 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 58-62

Author(s):

Chernichkina A.D.

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

Plant Raw Materials ◽

Mountain Ash ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Materials Used ◽

Active Substances ◽

Pectin Substances

A large number of biologically active substances, organic acids, tannins, and pectin substances were detected during the study of fruits, leaves, and pulp of the fruits of mountain Ash. The content of these substances in leaves and pulp will significantly expand the arsenal of medicinal plant raw materials used. Given the wide distribution of mountain Ash in the territory of the Russian Federation, harvesting leaves from the same plants after harvesting the fruit and using pulp will make it possible to obtain new phytopreparations.

Download Full-text

Mutual Influence Study of Food Acids and Polysaccharides of Different Nature on the Sensory Perception of Low-Calorie Sweet Dishes

Food Industry ◽

10.29141/2500-1922-2020-5-2-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 71-78

Author(s):

Ekaterina Minnikhanova ◽

Nataliya Zavorokhina ◽

Anna Gilina

Keyword(s):

Mutual Influence ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Sucrose Solution ◽

Complex Mixture ◽

The Body ◽

Sensory Characteristics ◽

Apple Pectin ◽

Low Calorie ◽

Functional Reserves ◽

Materials Used

Abstract The inclusion of polysaccharide thickeners in the recipes of sweet dishes increases the functional reserves of the body, contributes to the preservation of health and the prevention of diseases. The purpose of the research is to study the sensory characteristics of polysaccharides of various nature when combined with food acids, to develop a recipe for a basic mixture of low-calorie meals for public catering. The authors analyzed citric, lactic and succinic acids in combinations with polysaccharides of various nature. Organoleptic tests were evaluated by a touch panel. The organization of the tasting analysis corresponded to GOST ISO 6658-2016; the consistency was determined according to GOST 31986-2012, GOST ISO 11036-2017, GOST ISO 8588-2011. The optimal organoleptic combinations of the presented food acids and complex additives of sweeteners (CDP) were identified, which included aspartame, sodium saccharinate, Sucralose, sweetness coefficient – 340: the mixture with citric acid had a long pleasant aftertaste without foreign tastes and the best taste characteristics. Using the “A-not A” method, we found that the sample with the addition of CDP is identical to the sucrose solution. In the second part of the study, polysaccharides were added to model samples of acids with complex sweeteners; the best sensory characteristics were obtained by model samples consisting of a mixture of low-esterified Apple pectin with lactic acid and KDP. The technology of obtaining a stable elastic jelly using low-esterified Apple pectin has been developed, since the complex mixture of sweeteners and food acids does not have a dehydrating effect. Developed a dry mix recipe that can serve as a basic development, low-calorie sweet products for catering and has a variance of use of lactic and succinic acids, depending on the flavor characteristics of the raw materials used and its corrective ability.

Download Full-text