scholarly journals Arabographic sources on the history of Dagestan (19th – beginning 20th cent.): paleographic characteristics and general overview.

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
Djamaludin M. Malamagomedov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General System ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Private Collection ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Source Study

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study and introduction into scientific circulation of arabographic written sources in the Avar language of the late 19th – early 20th centuries. Until recently, some of these sources were not known at all, and they were not the subject of scientific research. With the emergence of new sources on the history of the Caucasus, it became necessary to conduct a critical source study of the texts of previously published sources. Materials and methods. The research is based on the study of a number of sources in the Avar language, among which we can single out the most informative and early ones, such as: a). Chronicle "Derbent name" (History of Derbent) from the private collection of M.G. Nurmagomedov; b). The composition of Muhammadrafi (14th cent.), known in the historical literature as "Tarikh Dagestan". in three lists from, private and mosque collections; in). “Tarikhi Jar” (History of Jar) from the collection of Nakkaw Muhammad of Jar; d). One-village chronicle “Tarikh Argvani” (History of Argvani) and “Imam Gazimuhammad” by Hasanilav from Gimri, etc. We will tell you more about them below. As we have already mentioned, some texts of the studied sources have already been the subject of research and were previously published [1; 2; 6; 8; 13; 18;20; 22; 23]. The studies are provided with paleographic descriptions, which, in addition to information about the author and scribe, include basic paleographic information such as the date and place of correspondence, volume, paper, handwriting, language of the manuscript and place of storage. If the author of the essay is known, brief information about his life and work is provided. If the text of the essay was previously published in the Arabic edition, or in another Arabic script, then a comparative comparison of the most important plots and fragments (names, toponymic, date of compilation, etc.) of the text was carried out. After the paleographic part, short annotations were compiled to the source texts, divided into semantic and situational syntagms. Research results. Because of the study, we were able to introduce into scientific circulation new sources on the history of the peoples of the North Caucasus, as well as critically analyze the previously published texts of arabographic sources, taking into account modern source studies. The introduction of new narratives in the Avar language into scientific circulation makes it possible to determine the place and role of local historical works in the general system of arabographic sources on the history of the peoples of Dagestan. The results of the research can be used in compiling a special course for students of universities and colleges on source study and historiography of the peoples of the North Caucasus.

scholarly journals FROM THE HISTORY OF THE OPENING OF VLADIKAVKAZ RAILWAY

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
Ф.С. Киреев
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institutions ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Road ◽  
The North ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
History Of ◽  
Privately Owned

В статье анализируются причины строительства Владикавказской железной дороги и механизм сооружения этой важной железнодорожной артерии. Актуальность темы анализа истории развития железнодорожной сети Северо-Кавказского региона определяется необходимостью подробного изучения проблем ее социально-экономического развития. Строительство Ростово-Владикавказской железной дороги также является примером государственно-частного сотрудничества, которое хорошо себя оправдало. Дорога была построена полностью за счет средств акционеров, среди которых были как крупные промышленники, так и простые обыватели. Находясь в частной собственности, Владикавказская железная дорога хорошо функционировала и развивалась. При этом государство получило важную транспортную артерию, имевшую большое экономическое и военно-стратегическое значение. Немаловажным было и то, что за счет Владикавказской железной дороги был построен ряд социальных объектов – больницы, учебные заведения. В статье также показана заинтересованность общественности Владикавказа и региона в целом в строительстве железной дороги. Различные варианты прокладки пути, строительства станций широко обсуждались как специалистами, так и простыми горожанами. В итоге был выбран наиболее оптимальный путь и месторасположения станции Владикавказ. В свое время, благодаря открытию Владикавказской железной дороги, был дан заметный импульс дальнейшему развитию торговли и промышленности на Северном Кавказе. Последующее расширение транспортных артерий уже в наши дни может существенно оживить экономику Кавказа и России в целом, а также внести свой вклад в деле развития туризма в регионе. В связи с этим и необходимо анализировать историю строительства Владикавказской железной дороги и перенимать лучший опыт прошлого. The article analyzes the reasons for constructing Vladikavkaz railway and the mechanism of constructing this important railway artery. The topic relevance of studying the history of the railway network in the North Caucasus is determined by the necessity for further problem research of its socio-economic development. In its time Vladikavkaz railway had a huge impact on the development of trade and industry in the North Caucasus. The construction of the Rostov-Vladikavkaz railway is also an example of public-private cooperation, which has paid off well. The road was built entirely at the expense of shareholders, among whom were both large industrialists and ordinary people. Being privately owned, the Vladikavkaz railway functioned and developedwell. At the same time, the state acquired an important transport artery of great economic and military-strategic importance. It was also important that a number of social facilities were built at the expense of the Vladikavkaz railway - hospitals, educational institutions. The article also shows the interest of the public in Vladikavkaz and the region as a whole in the construction of the railway. Various options for laying the track, building stations were widely discussed by both specialists and ordinary citizens. As a result, the most optimal route and location of the Vladikavkaz station were chosen. Further expansion of transport arteries today can significantly revive the economy of the Caucasus and Russia as a whole, as well as contribute to the development of tourism in the region. In this regard, it is necessary to analyze the history of constructing Vladikavkaz railway and adopt the best experience of the past.

scholarly journals ON THE HISTORY OF THE RUSSIAN THEATER IN VLADIKAVKAZ .

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.R. DZALAEVA ◽  
К.Р. ДЗАЛАЕВА
Keyword(s):  
North Caucasus ◽  
Periodical Press ◽  
Central State ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Architectural Decision ◽  
North Ossetia ◽  
Russian Theater

Исследование выполнено в рамках Программы фундаментальных научных исследований Президиума РАН «Историческая память и российская идентичность» Представленные документы характеризуют причины и условия возникновения Рус- ского драматического театра во Владикавказе во второй половине XIX в. Материалы фондов Центрального государственного архива РСО-А и Научного архива СОИГСИ, под- твержденные сведениями театральной хроники местной периодической печати, раскры- вают неизвестные страницы истории Русского театра, связанные с его возникновением, финансово-организационными и кадровыми вопросами, строительством и архитектур- ным обликом театрального здания в разные периоды времени. Особое внимание уделяется роли Русского театра в формировании городской общественно-культурной среды Север- ного Кавказа. The presented documents characterize the reasons and conditions for the emergence of the Russian Drama Theater in Vladikavkaz in the second half of the XIXth century. The materials of the funds of the Central State Archive of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania and the Scientific Archive of North Ossetian Institute for Humanitarial and Social Studies, confirmed by the information of the theatrical chronicles of the local periodical press, reveal unknown pages of the history of the Russian Theater, connected with its appearance, its financial and organizational and personnel issues, construction and architectural decision of the theater building at different times. Particular attention is paid to the role of the Russian Theater in the formation of the urban social and cultural environment of the North Caucasus.

scholarly journals ON THE FORMATION OF ETHNOMEDICINE OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS PEOPLES

2022 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Галина Григорьевна Тхагапсова
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
High Effectiveness ◽  
The North ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Formation

Статья посвящена истории формирования этномедицины народов Северного Кавказа. Ставится задача уточнения динамики исторического процесса относительно формирования этномедицины народов Северного Кавказа. Материалы исследований многих авторов по истории медицины подтверждают высокую эффективность лекарского искусства в оказании хирургической помощи, которую отмечали многие наблюдатели в период Кавказской войны. Несомненно, опыт лекарского искусства на Кавказе имеет весьма древнюю историю. Он накапливался эмпирическим путем и, передаваясь от отца к сыну, формировал династии лекарей, имевшие свой опыт и свои секреты врачевания. Не исключается взаимовлияние культур народов, в частности арабской медицины, которая способствовала формированию врачей традиционной арабской школы медицины. Таким образом, народных целителей можно разделить на два типа: чье лечение содержало доисламские и исламские методы. Отмечается, что именно народные лекари с доисламским опытом сопровождали войска в походах и показали высокую эффективность своих методов, получив заслуженную оценку многих врачей в годы Кавказской войны. The paper is devoted to the history of formation of ethnomedicine of the peoples of the North Caucasus. The task is to clarify the dynamics of the historical process regarding the formation of ethnomedicine of the peoples of the North Caucasus. The research materials of many authors on the history of medicine confirm the high effectiveness of medicinal art in the provision of surgical care, which was noted by many observers during the Caucasian War. Undoubtedly, the experience of medicinal art in the Caucasus has a very ancient history. It accumulated empirically and, passing from father to son, formed dynasties of doctors who had their own experience and their secrets of healing. The mutual influence of the cultures of peoples, in particular Arab medicine, which contributed to the formation of doctors of the traditional Arab school of medicine, is not excluded. Thus, folk healers can be divided into two types: whose treatment contained pre-Islamic and Islamic methods. It is noted that it was people's doctors with pre-Islamic experience who accompanied the troops on campaigns and showed the high effectiveness of their methods, having received a well-deserved assessment of many doctors during the Caucasian war.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE GEORGIAN CONTINGENT IN THE MONGOL TROOPS (1220-1265)

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
O. Machai
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
King David ◽  
The North ◽  
Military Duty ◽  
Military Campaigns ◽  
Mongol Rule

Mongol forces have appeared in the Caucasus since 1220. The desire of the empire was to create world domination. That`s why was necessary to have a powerful army, which included the conquered peoples, among whom were Georgians. Georgian queen and mtavars resisted the conquerors since the establishment of Mongol rule in the Caucasus. However, due to the lack of competent rulers and strong centralized power, the mtavars later recognized the power of the Mongol commanders and sided with the conqueror. As a result, Georgian Queen Rusudan also recognized the authority of the Mongols. Every ruler who recognized the power of the khan had to bear military duty - haraj, and pay tribute, among which were taxes on military needs. The article examines various military campaigns in which Georgians participated on the side of the Mongols: the battle against the Romanian sultan in 1243, the capture of Baghdad in 1258, the campaign in Egypt in 1260, the fight against the expansion of the Golden Horde in the early 60s of the thirteenth century. The paper reveals the peculiarity of the Mongolian taxes paid by Georgians - kalan, ulup, the technique of the Mongol battle - hashar, yabagan. Based on the source and historiographical database, an analysis of the attitude of Georgians to participate in the Mongolian military campaigns is conducted. In particular, the article covers cases when the Mongols suspected Georgians of treason, focusing on the anti-Mongol uprising of King David Ulu. The causes and consequences of the uprisings are explained on the basis of testimonies of Georgian and Armenian chronicles. Separately, the article reveals the participation of Georgians in the fight against the troops of the Golden Horde, which sought to capture the North Caucasus. Thanks to the participation of Georgians in battles and the construction of fortifications, the Hulaguids were able to protect the region from the invasions of the Juchids.

The Caucasus in the History of Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor' Bocharnikov
Keyword(s):  
North Caucasus ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Free Development ◽  
Modern Experience

The monograph defines the origins, essence and content of the Caucasian policy of Russia, its main stages, its significance for the development of Russian statehood and the peoples of the region. The monograph pays special attention to the Caucasian wars of Russia, the experience of suppressing anti-Russian and anti-Soviet armed demonstrations in the region. The historical and modern experience of the development of the Caucasus region shows that the weakening of Russia's position in the region naturally leads to an escalation of tension and conflict, aggravation of inter-ethnic contradictions, manifestations of extremism and other forms of destructive activities that threaten the life of citizens and peoples of the Caucasus. As a result, the strength of Russia's position in the Caucasus is a guarantee of the safe and free development of the peoples of the region. The author's conclusions and suggestions presented in the monograph can be used in the process of implementing a balanced and verified policy in order to ensure the national security and interests of the Russian Federation in the North Caucasus, building relations with neighboring states in the region, as well as other international actors positioning their involvement in the political processes of the South Caucasus. It is addressed to researchers, teachers, students, a wide range of readers.

scholarly journals Кавказ в системе культурных связей Евразии в древности и средневековье XXX «Крупновские чтения»

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Р.М. Мунчаев
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject

Сборник составлен по материалам, представленным на Международную на- учную конференцию по археологии Северного Кавказа «Кавказ в системе куль- турных связей Евразии в древности и средневековье» – XXX «Крупновские чте- ния». Тематика докладов отражает широкий круг проводимых археологических исследований, охватывающих хронологический диапазон от каменного века до позднего средневековья. The collection was compiled from the materials presented at the International Scientific Conference on the Archeology of the North Caucasus «The Caucasus in the System of Cultural Relations of Eurasia in the ancient time and the Middle Ages» – XXX «Krupnovsky Readings». The subject of the reports reflect a wide range of ongoing archaeological studies covering the chronological range from the Stone Age to the late Middle Ages.

scholarly journals To the origin of the concepts Yessentuk, Yessentuchok, Yessentuki

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Fomenko
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
General Population ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
The North ◽  
Word Combination ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City ◽  
Stavropol Krai

The subject of this research is the toponyms Yessentuk, Yessentuchok, Yessentuki. The goal is ti determine their origin. The author leans on the data of explorations of the remains Golden Horde mausoleums of the XIV century, which were conducted in the late XX and early XXI centuries on the outskirts and in the area of the city of Yessentuki of Stavropol Krai. The article considers the previously revealed connection between mausoleums of the XIV century, Podkumok River Valley, and the Kabardian-Abazin tombstones of the XVIII century located here. It is worth noting that at the time of construction of the Yessentuki reduit at the end of the XVIII century, the general population of the area were Kabardians and Abazins. The application of comprehensive approach alongside various methods of historical and philological sciences allowed determining the origins of the toponyms Yessentuk, Yessentuchok, Yessentuki, as well as carrying out further reconstruction of the history of the Central Fore-Caucasus of pre-Russian and Russian eras. The conclusion is made that the name Yessentuk (in later versions – Yessentuchok and Yessentuki) stems from the Kabardian word combination Yesen tlygu – the edge, area, or border) of Yesen. The personal name Yesen is of Turkic-Mongolian origin and can be occasionally seen in the anthroponymy of the Adyghe and neighboring peoples. The obtained results can be used in studying history of the North Caucasus, toponymic research, museology, creation of science education films.

The genetic diversity of the genus Mus (Linnaeus, 1758) in the eastern part of the North Caucasus

BMC Zoology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatimat Tembotova ◽  
Ekaterina Kuchinova ◽  
Albina Amshokova ◽  
Ekaretina Kononenko
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Mt Dna ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Nucleotide Variability ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background There are two species of Mus in the Caucasus: M. musculus and M. macedonicus. M. musculus is widespread in the Caucasus, where the species is found everywhere from the Black to the Caspian Sea. M. macedonicus is ubiquitous Transcaucasia. The most north-astern border of its distribution in the Caucasus, according to the literature, is located in the Derbent region, near the border between Dagestan and Azerbaijan. Results Cytochrome b mt-DNA of genus Mus research in this study in the Eastern Caucasus. About 70% of M. musculus haplotypes from the lowlands of Dagestan were recorded for the first time. One of these haplotypes accounts for approximately 25% of the total species diversity of haplotypes. M. macedonicus was found in only one locality, the Sarykum barchans, where this species prevails in number and accounts for 70% of the total number mice of the genus Mus. The species is characterized by low values of genetic diversity and nucleotide variability, which may indicate that the population originated from a small number of founders and may explain its relative isolation from the main range. The dating of the appearance of the ancestors of M. musculus in the east of the Russian Caucasus corresponds to 99-66 thousand years ago (at a mutation rate of 3-10% per million years). Conclusion The results obtained suggest that the history of the appearance of M. musculus in the Eastern Caucasus is more ancient and is not associated with human agricultural activities. We believe that possibly the ancestral range of M. musculus covered the eastern and western coasts of the Caspian Sea in the territory of southern Dagestan, Azerbaijan, and Iran. In this paper M. macedonicus, a Balkan-Asia Minor species, was registered for the first time in the North Caucasus. This species was registered in the center of Dagestan, where it inhabits sympatrically (on the territory) and syntopically (on the same biotope) with M. musculus. The low values of genetic diversity of M. macedonicus in the North Caucasus suggest that the population originated from a small group of founders.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF E. M. MELETINSKY TO THE CAUCASIAN EPOS STUDIES. ON THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH OF THE SCHOLAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-89
Author(s):  
Zurab D. Dzhapua ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High ◽  
Cultural Hero

The article analyses the contribution of Meletinsky to Caucasian epic studies. The role of Caucasian epic traditions in the study of the problem of the origins and the early forms of the epos is considered. A significant number of the comparative-typological studies of Meletinsky are based on the materials of mythoepic cultures of Caucasus mountain people. The scholar singled out the Caucasian epics, along with some other traditions, as the special early stage in the history of the epic. Meletinsky was one of the pioneers in the fundamental studies of the Caucasian Nart epics. Based on the analysis of materials available to him at that time, Meletinsky comes to the fundamental conclusions on the genre nature, national versions, images, subjects and motifs of the Nart epic. The scholar considered Sataney and Sasrykua to be the earliest characters in the epic, whose images clearly reflected the features of a cultural hero, especially in the close Abkhaz and Adyg versions. Furthermore, according to Meletinsky, the Transcaucasian legends about the chained heroes – Abkhaz Abryskil, Armenian Mger and Georgian Amiran – represent a kind of interweaving of mythological epic and heroic tales, in which the motives of cultural exploits are largely supplanted by episodes of the heroic struggle with Giants. In the studies of Meletinsky, the epic traditions of the people of the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia are subjected to the deepest analysis at a very high level of comparative studies.

Islamic State on the wane in Russian North Caucasus

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Guerrilla Warfare ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian North ◽  
History Of

Subject The evolution of North Caucasian insurgency. Significance As the Islamic State (IS) group retreats in Iraq and Syria, the North Caucasus seems an obvious place to relocate, with its history of guerrilla warfare and an IS presence. So far that has not happened. Many Caucasian fighters have been killed in the Middle East while local IS groups have been hit hard by Russian security forces. Armed Islamist groups that existed before IS are seeing a resurgence and are the main source of current security threats. Impacts IS's weakness in the Caucasus will not prevent sporadic attacks on urban centres in European Russia. Militant attacks will be an irritant and a brake on investment but are unlikely to become a major regional threat. Moscow is trying to force better governance on Dagestan and may do so elsewhere.

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