scholarly journals Profiles of Multiple Social Identification and Attitude to Representatives of Other Nations in Russians and Bulgarians: A Cross-Cultural Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
(Velkova) K. Nosova (Velkova)
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Social Identification ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Latent Profiles ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The paper explores latent profiles of social identification and attitudes to representatives of other nations in the cultural contexts of Russia and Bulgaria through the lens of personality-oriented approach. The research methodology included modified versions of social identity scales from the MIRIPS questionnaire and Verkuyten’s scale of religious identity. The online social psychological survey involved 234 Russians (66% females, 60% aged 30—49 years) and 278 Bulgarians (76% females, 45% aged 18-29). As a result, four latent profiles were identified in Russia (Internationalists, Individualists, Europeans, Nationalists) and three — in Bulgaria (Individualists, Europeans, Nationalists). Nevertheless, the content of the profiles as well as the features of the respondents constituting the profiles were similar. Nationalists displayed strong multiple identification and negative attitudes towards representatives of other nations; Individualists expressed weak multiple identification and negative attitudes towards representatives of other nations; Europeans demonstrated very strong European identification and positive attitudes towards representatives of other nations. The Internationalist profile was found only among the Russians and featured weak multiple identification and positive attitudes towards representatives of other nations. The paper concludes that there are both intercultural similarities and differences in the characteristics of the respondents that constitute each latent profile of multiple social identification and attitude to representatives of other nations.

scholarly journals Religious Identity in Muslim Students (A Study of Young People Living in the Chechen Republic)

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 90-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.S. Pavlova ◽  
V.M. Minazova ◽  
O.E. Khukhlaev
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Muslim Students ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Relationship

The paper presents outcomes of a social psychological study on the structure and content of various components of religious identity in Muslim youth using the methods of C. Leach and D. Van Camp. The study also aimed to reveal the relationship between the components of religious identity and social consolidation. The study was carried out in Grozny (Chechen Republic, Russia) in the autumn of 2015. The sample consisted of 417 first- and second-year students of Chechen universities with an average age of 19, 164 male and 253 female. Empirical testing of the original models on the sample of Muslim students showed that religious identity in the Chechen young people represents a four-factor structure comprised of the following parameters: individual religious identity; faith identity; social religious identity; religion as a means of social interaction. The study also revealed significant correlations between the various parameters of religious identity and social consolidation. The research was conducted with the assistance of the Russian Science Foundation (№15-06-10843 “Risks and Resources of Religious Identity in Modern Russia: A Cross-Cultural Analysis”).

Interculturalism and the Acceptance of Minority Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maykel Verkuyten ◽  
Kumar Yogeeswaran
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Situational Effect

Abstract. Multiculturalism has been criticized and rejected by an increasing number of politicians, and social psychological research has shown that it can lead to outgroup stereotyping, essentialist thinking, and negative attitudes. Interculturalism has been proposed as an alternative diversity ideology, but there is almost no systematic empirical evidence about the impact of interculturalism on the acceptance of migrants and minority groups. Using data from a survey experiment conducted in the Netherlands, we examined the situational effect of promoting interculturalism on acceptance. The results show that for liberals, but not for conservatives, interculturalism leads to more positive attitudes toward immigrant-origin groups and increased willingness to engage in contact, relative to multiculturalism.

scholarly journals Examination of Heterogeneous Societies

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiko Kano Glückstad ◽  
Mikkel N. Schmidt ◽  
Morten Mørup
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Relational Model ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
World Value Survey ◽  
Applied Model ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Cultural Data

The recent development of data analytic tools rooted around the Multi-Group Latent Class Analysis (MGLCA) has enabled the examination of heterogeneous datasets in a cross-cultural context. Although the MGLCA is considered as an established and popular cross-cultural data analysis approach, the infinite relational model (IRM) is a new and disruptive type of unsupervised clustering approach that has been developed recently by cognitive psychologists and computer scientists. In this article, an extended version of the IRM coined the multinominal IRM—or mIRM in short—is applied to a cross-cultural analysis of survey data available from the World Value Survey organization. Specifically, the present work analyzes response patterns of the Portrait Value Questionnaire (PVQ) representing Schwartz’s 10 basic values of Japanese and Swedes. The applied model exposes heterogeneous structures of the two societies consisting of fine-grained response patterns expressed by the respective subpopulations and extracts latent typological structures contrasting and highlighting similarities and differences between these two societies. In the final section, we discuss similarities and differences identified between the MGLCA and the mIRM approaches, which indicate potential applications and contributions of the mIRM and the general IRM framework for future cross-cultural data analyses.

scholarly journals Ethno-Religious Identification and Social Distance Between Muslims and Christians: Analysis on Social Identity Theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-70
Author(s):  
Cahyo Pamungkas
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Identity Theory ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Religious Identification ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Individual

This article aims to investigate the relationship between ethno-religious identity and the social distancebetween Muslims and Christians in Ambon and Yogyakarta, taking into account factors at the individual level.Also, this research is addressed to fll a gap in the literature between studies that emphasize economic andpolitical competition as the main sources of con?ict, and studies that focus on prejudice and discriminationas causes of con?ict. The central question is: to what extent is ethno-religious identifcation present amongMuslims and Christians in Ambon and Yogyakarta and observable in their daily lives? This research usessocial identity theory that attempts to question why people like their in-group, and dislike out-groups. Thetheory says that individuals struggle for positive in-group distinctiveness, and have positive attitudes towardtheir in-group and negative attitudes towards out-groups. This research uses both quantitative and qualitative approaches. A survey was conducted with 1500 university students from six universities in Ambon andYogyakarta. By using quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis, this study came up with several fndings. Firstly, the study found high levels of religious identifcation among Muslim and Christian respondents,demonstrated by their participation in religious practices, which we defne as frequency of praying, attendingreligious services, and reading the Holy Scriptures. Secondly, social distance consists of contact avoidance,avoidance of future spouses from another religion, and the support for residential segregation. Di?erencesfrom the mean show that Muslim respondents tend to display higher contact avoidance and support forresidential segregation compared to Christian respondents. Thirdly, analysis of variance demonstrates thatelements of ethno-religious identity are related signifcantly to elements of social distance.

scholarly journals Cross-Cultural Analysis of Gamer Identity: A Comparison of the United States and Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 785-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Ćwil ◽  
William T. Howe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Self ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The U.S

Who is a gamer? What kind of people are perceived to be gamers? And finally – who perceives themselves as a gamer? In this article the authors attempt to answer these three questions from a multinational perspective. Background. Games are nowadays one of the most frequently encountered forms of entertainment and constitute an ever-increasing part of many people’s day-to-day lives. With the rising popularity of video games, there is a need to conduct a research concerning gamer identity and to find out who perceives themselves as a gamer. The aim of this study is to compare the results of the survey conducted in two different countries to better understand the characteristics of players that self-identified as gamers. Methods. The quantitative study was conducted in two countries – Poland and the United States – in order to research gamer identity. The questionnaire consisted of questions about the self-identification as a gamer, time spent playing video games, types of games played, and the platforms used. It was conducted among 223 students who play video games. Results. The results show that there are both similarities and differences in the meaning of gamer identity between Poland and the United States. People who consider themselves gamers generally spend more time playing games than non-gamers regardless of the country. However, some differences can be spotted between Poland and the U.S. concerning among others types of games played, used platforms or different styles of playing video games. Limitations and further research. The main problem in the study was the limited age range in the sample. In the future it seems valuable to include people of different age groups to broaden the study of self-identified gamer identity.

Xenophobia

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Yakushko
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Policy Advocacy ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigrants ◽  
Training Research ◽  
Multicultural Research ◽  
Observable Phenomenon

The current xenophobic cultural environment in the United States makes it imperative that psychologists understand the nature of xenophobia and recognize its consequences. This article explores sociological, social psychological, and multicultural research to examine the causes of negative attitudes toward immigrants. Xenophobia is presented as a concept descriptive of a socially observable phenomenon. Historical and contemporary expressions of xenophobia in the United States are examined and compared with cross-cultural scholarship on negative attitudes toward immigrants. Last, suggestions are provided for how counseling psychologists can integrate an understanding of xenophobia into their clinical practice, training, research, and public policy advocacy.

THE DIFFERENT AND THE SAME: REEXAMINING EAST AND WEST IN A CROSS-CULTURAL ANALYSIS OF VALUES

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Akiba ◽  
Wayne Klug
Keyword(s):  
Past Research ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Human Values ◽  
The Political ◽  
Value Differences ◽  
Rokeach Value Survey ◽  
Terminal Values ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
East West

Cross-cultural similarities and differences in human values were investigated. American and Japanese college students completed the terminal values portion of the Rokeach Value Survey. Consistent with past research, Japanese individuals tended to appreciate communal values more and individualistic ones less than did Americans. Nevertheless, the overall value priority ratings by American and Japanese young adults were largely similar. This could suggest that more culturally-sensitive measures of values may be necessary in order to further explore human values cross-culturally. Given the political and economic similarities between these countries, results from this study may represent relatively “pure” analyses of East-West value differences.

scholarly journals Grading in a Dilemmatic Space : An Exploratory Cross-cultural Analysis of Mathematics and Language Secondary Teachers

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaël Pasquini ◽  
Chris Deluca
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Teachers ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Grading Practices ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Group Interviews

Numerous studies have shown that grading is a complex process that involves negotiating technical, social, and ethical factors. While previous research has primarily focused on the reliability, composition, and validity of teachers’ grades, few studies have examined grading practices across cultural contexts and teaching subjects. The purpose of this exploratory study was to analyze how culture and teaching subject influence teachers’ grading dilemmas. Based on individual and group interviews with 11 Canadian and eight Swiss teachers, and using a “dilemmatic space” conceptual framework, this article inductively identified five dilemmatic spaces across cultural contexts and teaching subjects. The paper concludes with a discussion of the cross-cutting dimensions across these five dilemmatic spaces and articulates implications for future research and practice.  

Cross-Cultural Comparison of Student Attitudes toward Snakes

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Özel ◽  
Pavol Prokop ◽  
Muhammet Uşak
Keyword(s):  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Attitude Questionnaire ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Scientific Attitudes

AbstractThere is an increasing amount of research focusing on the origin of the human fear of animals. However, other dimensions of human views of frightening animals have been largely neglected. This study investigated attitudes toward snakes. The Snake Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ), which consisted of 58 Likert-type items (Cronbach's α = 0.91), was administered in a sample of students from two countries (Turkey and Slovakia). Students showed negative attitudes toward snakes, especially within the Negativistic and Naturalistic dimensions. Turkish students showed more positive Scientistic and Naturalistic attitudes than Slovakian students, and females showed more negative attitudes toward snakes than males. Although biology majors had more positive attitudes, compared with nonbiology majors, knowledge of snakes and beliefs about untrue myths were similar between these two subgroups. Our research indicates that fear of snakes negatively influences other attitudinal dimensions (especially naturalistic and scientific attitudes) although no students had been injured by a snake. Keeping various pets at home was associated with less fear of snakes. Nature protection actions should combine direct contact with these controversial animals with interventions against belief in untrue myths about snakes.

scholarly journals The Power of the Local in Sports Broadcasting: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Rugby Commentary

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Desmarais ◽  
Toni Bruce
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Local Pressures ◽  
Sports Broadcasting ◽  
Cross Cultural Analysis

This article explores how local pressures intersect to produce differing broadcasts in 2 cultural contexts. This is achieved via a cross-cultural analysis of a decade of televised rugby union matches between France and New Zealand and interviews with leading commentators in both countries. The authors argue that although the overarching commercial imperative to capture audiences might be the same in both countries, and despite global tendencies toward homogenized presentation of sports events, there are local differences in expectations about which kinds of audiences should be captured, and these lead to different practices and emphases in the live broadcasts. The authors suggest that in each country, broadcasts are the result of a complex set of pressures that interact to produce broadcasts with “local” flavor and characteristics.

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