scholarly journals Personal features and malevolent creativity on the example of cadets and policemen

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Meshkova ◽  
V.A. Shapoval ◽  
E.A. Gerasimenko ◽  
M. Potarykina ◽  
I.A. Meshkov
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Cognitive Component ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

We present and analyze the results of two empirical studies conducted in the framework of adaptation of "The malevolent creativity behavior scale" (Hao et al.) on samples of cadets-students grades 9-10 (N=89, 70-boys) and police officers (N=62, average age 26 years, men). The hypothesis that the implementation of original solutions in behavior harmful to other people is due to the interaction of aggression/its components and a set of personal characteristics was tested. The results showed: 1. a special contribution belongs to the cognitive component of aggression-hostility (Bass-Perry questionnaire), both in adolescents and adults; 2. there are age and gender features in predictors of anti-social creativity. It is shown by the example of cadets that Machiavellianism, low neuroticism, agreeableness (NEO-5 FFI) can be included in the complex of personal characteristics. Analysis of the results obtained in the sample of police officers with non-legal education showed that the combination of low hostility with high self-regulation and self-control of the individual ("self-directedness ",TCI-125) can become a resource of resistance to anti-socially directed behavior, in particular corruption.

Features of manifestation of conflict psychoemotional states in the sphere of law enforcement activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Наталья Николаева (Зайцева) ◽  
Natalya Nicolaeva (Zaytseva) ◽  
Олег Николаев ◽  
Oleg Nikolaev
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Professional Environment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Enforcement Activity

The article analyzes the main negative psycho-emotional conditions that are relevant in the professional environment of law enforcement officers. The causes and manifestations of these conditions in certain situations are analyzed with reference to the results of empirical studies of stress and the conclusions of well-known authors. A significant place in the work is given to the basic principles and the simplest ways of getting out of these states in the sphere of law enforcement practice, the specific features of which provoke conflict psychoemotional states among employees. The interrelation of the psychological specifics of the activity of police officers with the individual and personal characteristics of employees, which overcome these conditions in different ways, is analyzed.

Inhibition tasks are not associated with self-regulation outcomes in healthy college students

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis David Von Gunten ◽  
Bruce D Bartholow ◽  
Jorge S. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Variable Level ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
The Individual

Executive functioning (EF) is defined as a set of top-down processes used in reasoning, forming goals, planning, concentrating, and inhibition. It is widely believed that these processes are critical to self-regulation and, therefore, that performance on behavioral task measures of EF should be associated with individual differences in everyday life outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to test this core assumption, focusing on the EF facet of inhibition. A sample of 463 undergraduates completed five laboratory inhibition tasks, along with three self-report measures of self-control and 28 self-report measures of life outcomes. Results showed that although most of the life outcome measures were associated with self-reported self-control, none of the life outcomes were associated with inhibition task performance at the latent-variable level, and few associations were found at the individual task level. These findings challenge the criterion validity of lab-based inhibition tasks. More generally, when considered alongside the known lack of convergent validity between inhibition tasks and self-report measures of self-control, the findings cast doubt on the task’s construct validity as measures of self-control processes. Potential methodological and theoretical reasons for the poor performance of laboratory-based inhibition tasks are discussed.

scholarly journals Violence Against Authority: Management, Policy, And Research Implications

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Randy R. Edwards ◽  
C. Kenneth Meyer ◽  
Stephen E. Clapham
Keyword(s):  
Violent Crime ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Workplace Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The U.S

There has been a steady decline in violent crime in the United States in the past twenty years. Trends indicate that violent crime was down 13.4 percent below the 200l level and for property crime, society is experiencing the tenth straight year of declining rates. Yet, the Southern region of the U.S is disproportionately represented by percentage of overall violent crimes committed nationally. Also, the South is over-represented in the number of police officers who are feloniously killed or assaulted. This empirical research concentrates on violence directed against police in the U.S. and begins by examining the type and magnitude of workplace violence, then transitions to a review of the sociological, political, and psychological literature, focusing on the individual and social causes for violence generally. It ends with an examination of officers feloniously killed (their personal characteristics and that of their assailants), the level of violence against police by type of arrest or enforcement situation, and by region of the country. This paper provides a comparative analysis of street-level violence for general municipal assaults, robbery, and the most rapidly growing type of felonious assaultambush attacks. The paper concludes with an analysis of the societal and behavioral characteristics and considerations related to violence against police. The authors present a number of current trends, training recommendations, and suggestions for improving officer workplace safety.

Willpower and the Cultivation of Virtues

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-102
Author(s):  
Ryan West
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Peter 1 ◽  
2 Peter

This chapter explores some roles willpower might play in a Christian’s grace-empowered attempt to “make every effort to supplement [his or her] faith with virtue” (2 Peter 1:5, ESV). Working from a distinction Robert Adams makes between “motivational” and “structural” virtues, West argues that virtues of the latter sort—of which self-control, perseverance, and patience are paradigm examples—are partially constituted by willpower. He then draws on recent empirical studies of self-regulation to explain how the wise exertion of willpower can help one not only resist temptation, but also leverage temptation in the interest of cultivating virtues in both of Adams’s categories.

The measurement of flow and social flow at work: a 30-year systematic review of the literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-570
Author(s):  
Pedro Jácome de Moura Jr ◽  
Carlo Gabriel Porto Bellini
Keyword(s):  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Scholarly Publications ◽  
Social Flow ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Flow At Work

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review three decades of the literature on flow measurement and propose issues to advance research on the measurement of social flow at work. Design/methodology/approach In a systematic literature review, the authors analyzed 143 articles published in the first three decades (1983–2013) of scholarly publications on flow measurement, of which 84 articles used scales to measure flow and 16 articles used scales to measure flow at work. Findings The main findings are: flow is frequently measured in association with other constructs or by means of proxies; flow measurement is highly dependent on a study’s purposes and context; flow is mostly studied at the level of the individual and, when studied beyond the individual, the measurement of flow in groups is simplified as an aggregation of individual-level measures; and social flow at work is an underresearched construct that nevertheless impacts organizations in important ways, thus deserving a specific research agenda. Research limitations/implications The first limitation refers to the databases included in the review. There is always the possibility that important works were ignored. Another limitation is that the coding procedure was highly dependent on the authors’ discretion, as it did not include independent coding and formal assessment of agreement among coders. But the greatest limitation may refer to our very perspectives on flow, flow measurement and social flow at work, as they are highly attached to current models instead of seeing the issues with different lenses. This limitation is also present in the literature. Practical implications Reviewing three decades of scholarly publications on how flow has been measured contributes to organizations in their planning for person-job fit. The measurement of flow can reveal if and when flow correlates with personal characteristics and organizational events, thus serving to inform initiatives on personnel development, acculturation and job design. However, considering that flow as a social phenomenon has been conceived in superficial terms, that a vast number of empirical studies were developed with non-professional subjects, and that flow measurement involves significant adaptations to each situation, organizations are thus advised to be careful in adopting extant instruments. Originality/value This study provides a rich account on how flow measurement has been addressed in the scholarly literature, and it calls attention to research opportunities on social flow at work.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON THE PROCESSES OF SELF-IDENTIFICATION OF ADOLESCENTS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Olga Vovchenko
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
The State ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Impact

The relevance of the study is due to two aspects: first, the complexity of adolescence, psychological problems faced by adolescents, their parents, educators and teachers; secondly, the lack of research not only the peculiarities of self-identification of adolescents with intellectual disabilities, but also the interaction of emotional intelligence on the formation of self-esteem, Self-concept and self-identification in general. Because self-identification and emotional intelligence require the adolescent's personality to actively participate in its formation and formation. These are two constructs in the structure of personality, which are based on reflection, self-regulation, self-awareness and further determine the vector of life of the adolescent, his/her place in social life. The aim of the article is to identify and experimentally test the state of formation of self-identification in adolescents with intellectual disabilities and the impact on its formation of emotional intelligence. The study used theoretical (deductive, inductive) and empirical (methods of psychodiagnostics) methods. Psychological diagnosis of the state of formation of self-identification in adolescents with intellectual disabilities was carried out using the method of «Hand-drawn apperceptive test (PAT)», the method of «Who am I? » (by M. Kuhn), conversations, observations. The result of the study was a statement of the fact that the vast majority of adolescents with intellectual disabilities have a low level of self-identification, only a small percentage of the studied adolescents have an average level. Such results are due to such personal characteristics of the adolescent as asociality, anxiety, diffidence, lack of self-control, inability to control stress-filled emotional states, low level of selfregulation (including emotional and volitional self-regulation), low level of emotional intelligence formation.

scholarly journals Dependence of Legal Awareness on the Individual Psychological Characteristics of Public Officers

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.N. Noss ◽  
V.G. Bulygina ◽  
T.N. Kabanova
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
Service Employees ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
The Individual

The article considers legal awareness as a subjective perception of legal phenomena by citizens. It is assumed that there is an individual predisposition towards law-conscious behavior. In a sample of 2011 subjects, employees of state bodies, the dependence of legal awareness on the personal characteristics of employees performing duties in the field of legal relations was studied. Legal awareness correlates with the activities of civil servants indirectly through a system of real legal actions and does not always coincide with labor productivity (action - attitude). The study of justice was carried out using the test of L.A. Yasyukova. Individual psychological characteristics were identified through the use of intelligent techniques, the modification of MMPI, the locus of control, the test of volitional self-control and the motivational profile of Ritchie-Martin. To assess the success (effectiveness) of the staff professional activities, an expert assessment was performed. It was revealed that legal consciousness has a specification and depends on the type of activity of public officers. Relations can be traced within the entire volume of personal characteristics. The article provides data on the correlation of legal consciousness and individual psychological characteristics of public service employees in the verbal and cogitative, characterological and motivational spheres.

scholarly journals Socio-psychological aspect of modern junior schoolchildren’s academic giftedness

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (121) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Mergalyas M. Kashapov ◽  
◽  
Irina V. Serafimovich ◽  
Yuliya G. Baranova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Gifted Learners ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
Regular Work ◽  
Development Orientation

The results of several empirical research generalizations are represented in this article. The congruence of teachers’ and parents’ thinking about different kinds of giftedness and its manifestations of primary school academically gifted learners is discussed here. The specific features analysis of personal characteristics of academically and intellectual gifted today’s children is performed. Sample: total 586 persons: teachers – 60, 240 primary school learners, 286 – learners’ parents. The following idea is proved: a child’s self-evaluation depends on parents’ opinion about their child and it conforms to parents’ expectations. It’s determined that the higher parents evaluate self-regulation level, the level of independence, the higher child’s indicators of self-control and motivation for success are. We have made conclusions that primary schoolchildren can try to draw attention to themselves in order to get acceptance and approval by grown-ups and peers, they also have excessive anxiety level connected with school fears: control and the assessment of knowledge. Authorial express diagnostics was used to study teachers’ and parents’ ideas about different kinds of child’s giftedness and its manifestation. It turned out that at the beginning of studies primary school teachers are less aware of potential giftedness of their children: behavioral and artistic. The spectrum of views about grown-ups’ giftedness broadens to the end of primary school, especially it concerns motivational criteria. The focus group method to estimate the formation level of teachers’ thinking components when working with gifted learners was used. It is found that not only at primary school but also at secondary and high school we can see insufficient representation and formation of teachers knowledge about their work with gifted learners and it is the perspective for further work. It is shown that regular work with teachers stimulates the transformation of professional thinking characteristics from situational up to supra-situational: prediction, reflexivity, the depth and broadness of analysis, self-development orientation are changed.

Using Gottfredson and Hirschi’s A General Theory of Crime to Explain Problematic Alcohol Consumption by Police Officers: A Test of Self-Control as Self-Regulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egbert Zavala ◽  
Don L. Kurtz
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Control ◽  
General Theory Of Crime ◽  
Problematic Alcohol ◽  
Theory Of Crime

Problematic alcohol consumption by police officers is well documented in the literature. However, no study has utilized Gottfredson and Hirschi’s A General Theory of Crime to determine what role, if any, self-control (i.e., self-regulation) plays in predicting this behavior. Therefore, data from the Police Stress and Domestic Violence in Police Families in Baltimore, Maryland, 1997-1999 are analyzed to test the influence of work-related stress on officers’ self-control and problem drinking. Results indicated that self-control is significant in predicting problematic alcohol consumption by police officers. Two control variables (burnout and peer drinking) also predicted the dependent variable. The current study provides further evidence that self-control continues to be one of the most consistent factors most likely to lead to criminal behavior, including those committed by police officers.

Issues in the Conceptualization and Assessment of Hot Executive Functions in Childhood

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn Welsh ◽  
Eric Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Current State ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Individual

AbstractOur review examines the current state of the research on hot executive function (EF), as contrasted with cool EF, with regard to the evidence for construct validity. Current theoretical discussions have examined the conceptual overlap among constructs such as hot EF, effortful control, self-control, and self-regulation. We explore this emerging literature with a focus on research questions, tasks, and methods. Finally, we consider the unresolved questions facing the study of hot EF, most notably the difficulty in determining the relative “heat” of a given task based on task content, testing context, and the individual differences among the participants. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–5)

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