scholarly journals Social Ostracism Paradigms O’Cam, O’Train, Cyberball: the Experience of Pilot Research (Russian Federation)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-206
Author(s):  
E.E. Boykina
Keyword(s):  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Psychological Experiment ◽  
Psychological Debriefing ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Social Ostracism ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Methodological Problems

Objective. Approbation of techniques that allow simulating a situation of social ostracism (ignoring, exclusion, rejection). Background. Social ostracism can be fleeting or manifest itself in a chronic protracted form, leading to depression, causing a sense of loss of meaning in life, and in extreme cases results in an antisocial reaction. The study of this phenomenon in the realities of Russian reality poses a number of theoretical (lack of an established theoretical basis) and, as a consequence, methodological problems for domestic scientists. Study design. Three experiments were conducted with different scenarios and methods of simulating inclusion/exclusion conditions, the technique of psychological debriefing was used. Threatened Needs Scale-Ostracism (Boykina, 2019 adaptation) was used in two experiments in two modifications: for adults and children. The calibration of the “Cyberball” inclusion/exclusion conditions parameters was carried out. Participants. The study included three samples: the «O’Train» approbation: N=66, 61 female, 5 -male, M – 18,3; «Cyberball»: N=96, 57 female, 39 male, M – 12,84; «O’Cam»: N=37, 19 female, 18 male, M – 13,6. Measurements. Experimental method, self-reporting methodology Scale of Threatened Needs- Ostracism, computer program “Cyberball” (Williams, Cheung, Choi, 2000), qualitative data analysis. Results. The tested techniques have confirmed their reliability as a method of simulating the situation of social ostracism. Conclusions. The following admission selection criteria are formulated as recommendations: 1) simulation of conditions of ignoring/exclusion/rejection, 2) the least psychological discomfort of the object, 3) viability of the research organization (including the number of participants in the experiment and the reliability of the legend), 4) avoidance of confrontation of participants. The methods tested by the authors can be used both in research and in applied goals, taking into account compliance with the ethical principles of psychological experiment.

scholarly journals Iterative Thematic Inquiry: A New Method for Analyzing Qualitative Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 160940692095511
Author(s):  
David L. Morgan ◽  
Andreea Nica
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
New Method ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Primary Procedure

Because themes play such a central role in the presentation of qualitative research results, we propose a new method, Iterative Thematic Inquiry (ITI), that is guided by the development of themes. We begin by describing how ITI uses pragmatism as a theoretical basis for linking beliefs, in the form of preconceptions, to actions, in the form of data collection and analysis. Next, we present the four basic phases that ITI relies on: assessing beliefs; building new beliefs through encounters with data; listing tentative themes; and, evaluating themes through coding. We also review several notable differences between ITI and existing methods for qualitative data analysis, such as thematic analysis, grounded theory, and qualitative content analysis. The use of ITI is then illustrated through its application in a study of exiters from fundamentalist religions. Overall, the two most notable features of ITI are that it begins the development of themes as early as possible, through an assessment of initial preconceptions, and that it relies on writing rather than coding, by using a continual revision of tentative results as the primary procedure for generating a final set of themes.

scholarly journals Evaluating the relationships among religion, social virtues, and meaning in life

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal Krause ◽  
Peter C Hill ◽  
Gail Ironson
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Spiritual Support ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Forgiveness Of Others

There is growing evidence that a sense of meaning in life may emerge, in part, from the social relationships that people maintain. But it is not clear how the relationship between social ties and a sense of meaning might arise. The purpose of this study is to see if meaning in life is associated with three socially focused virtues: compassion, forgiveness of others, and providing social support to others. In the process, an effort is made to see if these social virtues arise from social relationships in religious institutions. Two main findings emerge from a recent nationwide survey. First, people who are more compassionate, more forgiving, and who help others more often have a stronger sense of meaning in life. Second, individuals who receive more spiritual support from fellow church members are more likely to adopt these social virtues. The theoretical basis of these relationships is discussed.

scholarly journals COMPUTERIZED QUALITATIVE TEXT ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 220-240
Author(s):  
Anna G. Danilova ◽  
Olga V. Mitina
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Applied Psychology ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Methodological Problems

Relevance. In applied psychology, researchers are increasingly faced with the task of analyzing large amounts of text, both verbal and visual. For these purposes, various methods of analysis have been developed and various computer programs have been created. Objective. The possibilities of computerized qualitative text analysis are analyzed. The spectrum of problems solved by various methods of qualitative text analysis is considered. Methods. The theoretical analysis of classical methods of qualitative text analysis is carried out. The specificity of the method of computerized discourse analysis is analyzed. The Internet searched for the most popular programs for qualitative text analysis, considered the main options and requirements for working in the program. Results. Methods of content-, discourse-, intent-analysis, conversion and narrative analysis are briefly characterized. The computerized discourse analysis (CMDA) approach is described. An approach to solving problems of various methods of qualitative analysis of text in computer analysis of qualitative data (Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis; CAQDAS) is presented. The possibilities of some software packages developed within the CAQDAS approach are considered. Conclusions. The advantages of using computerized discourse analysis are shown. The topic of research of methodological problems accompanying the use of CAQDAS is outlined.

scholarly journals Model of Description of Subjective Pain Experience Based on Autobiographical Memories about It

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 86-100
Author(s):  
A. I. Chuloshnikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Pain Experience ◽  
Systematic Description ◽  
Subjective Pain ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Subjective Phenomenon

The paper examines a systematic description of pain as a subjective phenomenon, and suggests the model to describe this experience in a full and systematic manner. Methodological problems of present day researches of pain related to fixation on subjective phenomenology have been articulated. A possible set of phenomenological parameters of pain has been suggested on the basis of findings of empirical studies making grounds for theoretical basis for description of a subjective perception of pain. The content of autobiographical memories about pain has been proposed to be used as a methodological approach enabling to study subjective nature of pain experience. On the basis of stories about pain handled with the help of content analysis a model of systematic description of pain is composed based on a theoretical model of a systematic description of psyche by V. A. Ganzen.

Reusing qualitative video data: matching reuse goals and criteria for selection

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-419
Author(s):  
Jihyun Kim ◽  
Kara Suzuka ◽  
Elizabeth Yakel
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Data Matching ◽  
Content Understanding ◽  
Teaching Goals ◽  
Selection Decisions

PurposeThis research investigated the reuse of Video Records of Practice (VRPs) – i.e. a type of qualitative data documenting teaching and learning in educational settings. It studied how reusers' purposes and experience-level with VRP reuse influence the importance of various VRP selection criteria and how these differ depending on whether the main goal for reuse was research or teaching. It also examined whether two different dimensions of qualitative research – reflexivity and context – were factors in VRP reuse.Design/methodology/approachThe study reports on surveys of reusers at four VRP repositories. Questions were based on the literature and interviews with VRP reusers. The response rate was 20.6% (180 of 872 distributed surveys). This paper focused on 126 respondents who affirmatively responded they reused VRPs from a repository.FindingsResearchers using VRPs were primarily interested in examining a broad range of processes in education and studying/improving ways to measure differences and growth in education. Reusers with teaching goals were commonly interested in VRPs to engage learners in showing examples/exemplars of – and reflecting on – teaching and learning. These differences between research and teaching led to varied expectations about VRPs, such as the amount of content needed and necessary contextual information to support reuse.Research limitations/implicationsWhile repositories focus on exposing content, understanding and communicating certain qualities of that content can help reusers identify VRPs and align goals with selection decisions.Originality/valueAlthough qualitative data are increasingly reused, research has rarely focused on identifying how qualitative data reusers employ selection criteria. This study focused on VRPs as one type of qualitative data and identified the attributes of VRPs that reusers perceived to be important during selection. These will help VRP repositories determine which metadata and documentation meet reusers' goals.

scholarly journals Is any wheelchair better than no wheelchair? A Zimbabwean perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Surona Visagie ◽  
Tecla Mlambo ◽  
Judith Van der Veen ◽  
Clement Nhunzvi ◽  
Deborah Tigere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Wheelchair Users ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Service Standards ◽  
Better Than

Background: Within a rights-based paradigm, wheelchairs are essential in the promotion of user autonomy, dignity, freedom, inclusion and participation. Objectives: This paper aimed to describe a group of Zimbabwean wheelchair users’ satisfaction with wheelchairs, wheelchair services and wheelchair function. Method: A mixed method, descriptive study was done. Quantitative data was collected from 94 consecutively sampled wheelchair users, who accessed wheelchair services at 16 clinics in five Zimbabwean provinces between October 2013 and February 2014, using the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology for adults and children and Functioning Every day with a Wheelchair questionnaire. Qualitative data were collected through two focus group discussions (22 participants) and two case studies with participants purposively sampled from those who participated in the quantitative phase. Results: More than 60% of participants were dissatisfied with the following wheelchair features: durability (78.6%), weight (75.6%), ease of adjustment (69.1%), effectiveness (69.0%), safety (66.7%), reliability (66.7%), and meeting user needs (60.6%). Similarly, more than 66% of participants were dissatisfied with various services aspects: professional services (69.0%), follow-up (67.0%), and service delivery (68.3%). Although 60% of participants agreed that the wheelchair contributed to specific functions, more than 50% of participants indicated that the features of the wheelchair did not allow in- (53.2%) and outdoor (52.7%) mobility.Conclusion: Findings indicate high levels of dissatisfaction with wheelchair features and services, as well as mobility. It is recommended that policy and minimum service standards which incorporate evidence and good practice guidelines for wheelchair services and management of wheelchair donations are developed for Zimbabwe.

scholarly journals Problematika Pelafalan Huruf Hijaiyah pada Anak Usia Dini di Rhoudhotu Tarbiyatil Qur’an (RTQ) Al-Ghozali Tlogomas Malang

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-75
Author(s):  
Diandra Ariesta Lily Effendi Al Azhim ◽  
Lilik Nur Kholidah
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Family Factors ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Learning To Read ◽  
Childhood Problems ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Child Factors

Abstract: This research is motivated by the difficulties that are often experienced by early childhood in the learning process related to the pronunciation of hijaiyah letters, where childrens are less able to pronounce hijaiyah letters correctly. This research has a problem formulation related to the problems of hijaiyah pronunciation and the factors that cause problems with the pronunciation of hijaiyah letters in early childhood in Rhoudhotu Tarbiyatil Qur'an (RTQ) Al-Ghozali Tlogomas Malang. The purpose of this study was to describe the forms of hijaiyah pronunciation problems and the factors that influence the pronunciation of hijaiyah letters in early childhood. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The data used are qualitative data on the pronunciation of hijaiyah letters in early childhood. The data source of this research is early childhood in RTQ Al-Ghozali Tlogomas Malang. The data collection techniques use the method of observation, interviews, literature study and documentation. The theoretical basis used is learning to read and write Al-Qur'an in early childhood, problems with the pronunciation of hijaiyah letters and the factors that affect the pronunciation of hijaiyah letters in early childhood. Based on the results of the research conducted, it was concluded that the problematic pronunciation of hijaiyah letters in early childhood that occurs is the change in phonemes from thick to thin; phoneme changes due to adjacent articulations; and less able to distinguish letters with similar characteristics. The factors that cause problems with the pronunciation of hijaiyah letters in early childhood are environmental and family factors, lack of interest in learning in early childhood, and individual child factors. The solution to the problem of pronouncing hijaiyah letters in early childhood needs special attention to children in practicing hijaiyah letters, especially the letters ع, خ, ح, ش, ز, ذ, ض, ثand ق. Keywords: pronunciation problems, hijaiyah letters, early childhood Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kesulitan yang sering dialami anak usia dini dalam proses pembelajaran terkait pelafalan huruf hijaiyah, dimana anak kurang dapat melafalkan huruf-huruf hijaiyah dengan benar dan tepat. Penelitian ini memiliki rumusan masalah terkait problematika pelafalan huruf hijaiyah dan faktor yang menyebabkan problematika pelafalan huruf hijaiyah pada anak usia dini di di Rhoudhotu Tarbiyatil Qur’an (RTQ) Al-Ghozali Tlogomas Malang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk problematika pelafalan huruf hijaiyah dan faktor yang mempengaruhi pelafalan huruf hijaiyah pada anak usia dini. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif bersifat deskriptif. Adapun data yang digunakan adalah data kualitatif pelafalan huruf hijaiyah pada anak usia dini. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah anak usia dini di RTQ Al-Ghozali Tlogomas Malang. Adapun teknik pengumpulan datanya menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, studi pustaka dan dokumentasi. Landasan teori yang digunakan adalah pembelajaran baca tulis Al-Qur’an pada anak usia dini, problematika pelafalan huruf hijaiyah dan faktor yang mempengaruhi pelafalan huruf hijaiyah pada anak usia dini. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa problematika pelafalan huruf hijaiyah pada anak usia dini yang terjadi adalah perubahan fonem dari tebal menjadi tipis; perubahan fonem karena artikulasi berdekatan; dan kurang dapat membedakan huruf yang karakteristiknya mirip. Adapun faktor penyebab problematika pelafalan huruf hijaiyah pada anak usia dini adalah faktor lingkungan keluarga, kurangnya minat belajar pada anak usia dini, dan faktor individu anak. Adapun solusi dari problematika pelafalan huruf hijaiyah pada anak usia dini adalah perlu adanya perhatian khusus pada anak dalam berlatih melafalkan huruf hijaiyah, yaitu huruf ع, خ, ح, ش, ز, ذ, ض, ثdan ق Kata kunci: problematika pelafalan, huruf hijaiyah, anak usia dini

Nurses’ Process of “Becoming” When Working in the Context of Death and Dying

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Venke Ueland ◽  
Ellen Ramvie
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Death And Dying ◽  
Focus Group Interviews ◽  
Nursing Leaders ◽  
Existential Suffering ◽  
Dying Patients ◽  
Caring Science ◽  
Group Interviews

This study aims to establish a deeper understanding of how working closely with suffering and dying patients existentially affects nurses and impacts on their process ofbecoming. The theoretical basis iscaring sciencein the tradition of Eriksson with a hermeneutical methodological approach. We used focus-group interviews to collect qualitative data from 22 nurses. Witnessing terminal suffering causes nurses existential suffering. According to Kierkegaard (1849), the process ofbecomingdepends on self-understanding. Nursing leaders should provide for conditions that allow nurses to be confirmed as persons, and giving opportunities for the processes ofbecoming.

Project on Elite Athlete Commitment (PEAK): I. Introduction and Methodology

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara K. Scanlan ◽  
David G. Russell ◽  
Noela C. Wilson ◽  
Larry A. Scanlan
Keyword(s):  
External Validity ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Elite Athlete ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Sport Commitment ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Athletic Success ◽  
Analysis Strategy ◽  
Participant Characteristics

We present an application of the Scanlan Collaborative Interview Method (SCIM) to the Project on Elite Athlete Commitment (PEAK). PEAK examines three samples of elite international athletes to further test and expand the Sport Commitment Model and assess its external validity. This first article in the series provides detailed descriptions of the study rationale, methods, procedures, interview schedule, and analysis strategy common to the three samples, along with participant characteristics and selection criteria. It also shares participants’ observations of the centrality of commitment to their athletic success, and their evaluation of the interview process.

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