scholarly journals Optimization of Keratinase Production By Actinomyces Fradiae 119 and Its Application in Degradation of Keratin Containing Wastes

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
V. Matikevičienė ◽  
S. Grigiškis ◽  
D. Levišauskas ◽  
K. Sirvydytė ◽  
O. Dižavičienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Keratinolytic Activity ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Chicken Feathers ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
Cultivation Process

The aim of this study was to identify and optimize significant technological parameters influencing keratinolytic enzyme production by A. fradiae 119 and to study its ability to degrade keratin. In the present work chicken feathers meal (CFM) was found to be an excellent substrate for keratinase induction by A. fradiae 119. The strain produced 164 KU/mL keratinolytic activity in basal medium containing 7.5 g/L CFM as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Increased keratinolytic activity was achieved in media with ammonium sulfate as nitrogen source, the application of additional nitrogen sources to media containing CFM slightly decreased keratinase synthesis. Optimal parameters of the cultivation process were determined: pH of cultivation medium – 7.2, temperature – 34 ºC and inoculum’s size – 8 %, using the response surface methodology. The yield of keratinase activity was increased by 46 % (267 KU/mL) after optimization of the cultivation process. The good ability of cultural liquid to degrade feathers and wool was detected.

Photoinduced perithecial formation by Nectria haematococca on media containing either L-tyrosine; L-phenylalanine; or D-glucose + NaNO3 as sole carbon and nitrogen sources

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 863-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Light Requirement ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tyrosine Metabolism ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Relationship Of

A homothallic isolate of Fusarium solani produced red perithecia when illuminated and grown on a simple basal medium containing L-tyrosine; L-phenylalanine; or D-glucose + NaNO3 as a sole carbon and nitrogen source. Few or no perithecia formed in darkness on these media. Quantitative comparisons of perithecial formation in illuminated treatments indicated that L-tyrosine was a significantly better sole source of carbon and nitrogen than either L-phenylalanine or D-glucose + NaNO3. There was no significant difference between the responses on media containing L-phenylalanine and D-glucose + NaNO3. If dark-grown treatments were subsequently illuminated, perithecia formed on media containing L-tyrosine and D-glucose + NaNO3 but not on L-phenylalanine. The initial pH of the medium containing L-tyrosine did not seem to affect the fruiting response in illuminated cultures. A reduction in the amount of L-tyrosine in the basal medium resulted in a corresponding decrease in perithecial formation.The results are discussed in connection with a possible relationship of sexual reproduction, the light requirement, and tyrosine metabolism.

Ralstonia basilensisM91-3, a denitrifying soil bacterium capable of usings-triazines as nitrogen sources

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1089-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Stamper ◽  
Mark Radosevich ◽  
Kevin B Hallberg ◽  
Samuel J Traina ◽  
Olli H Tuovinen
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Soil Bacterium ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Rrna Sequence ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Acetylene Blockage

The purpose of this study was to characterize the phylogenetic and phenotypic traits of M91-3, a soil bacterium capable of mineralizing atrazine (2-chloro-4-N-isopropyl-6-N-ethyl-s-triazine). The isolate was identified as Ralstonia basilensis based on 99.5% homology of the 16S rRNA sequence and various chemotaxonomic data. The isolate used atrazine as the sole source of energy, carbon, and nitrogen. It could also use several other s-triazines as nitrogen sources. Ralstonia basilensis M91-3 was capable of denitrification, which was confirmed by gas chromatographic analysis of nitrous oxide under acetylene blockage conditions.Key words: atrazine biodegradation, denitrification, herbicide degrader, Ralstonia basilensis, triazine degradation.

scholarly journals Isolation of Bacillus Strains with Keratinolitic Activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Aktayeva ◽  
K. Baltin ◽  
B. Khassenov
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Keratinolytic Activity ◽  
Chicken Feathers ◽  
Promising Source

Environmental safety and economic feasibility determine the search for new ways of processing waste in poultry farms. Most of this waste is down and feathers, which are 90% β-keratin. Feathers can be a valuable source of amino acids and peptones when properly processed. The most effective is enzymatic treatment of feather keratin. The search for new strains producing keratinolytic enzymes seems to be a promising direction. On the territory of the poultry farm, 4 strains were isolated from the places of accumulation of feathers. They are able to use chicken feathers as their sole source of organic matter. Based on morphological, genomic, and proteomic analyzes, the isolated strains were identified as Bacillus sp. It was found that the strains secrete proteolytic enzymes that hydrolyze collagen, casein, β-keratin and do not hydrolyze bovine serum albumin. Feather hydrolysis experiments showed that the Bacillus sp. A5.3 possesses maximum keratinolytic activity, and on the second day, the destruction of the second order barbs is observed. The keratinase activity of the strain on azokeratin after an hour of incubation on feather medium was 27.4 U/ml. The optimal conditions for the complex of secreted proteolytic enzymes are pH 7.0-8.0 and temperature 35-40 °C. The isolated Bacillus sp. A5.3 strain is a promising source of proteases and keratinases.

scholarly journals Production of Plant Growth Regulators by Some Fungi Isolated under Salt Stress

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Samah N. El-Dien Solyman ◽  
Mohamed O. Abdel-Monem ◽  
Khadiga A. Abou-Taleb ◽  
Hany S. Osman ◽  
Reyad M. El-Sharkawy
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Growth Zone ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Produce Plant

Fifty-eight fungal isolates were isolated from salt soil, whey and salt fish on medium supplemented with 0.5% NaCl. Out of 58 isolates, 49 were capable to grow on medium supplemented with 1 % NaCl. These halo-tolerant isolates were tested to produce plant growth regulators (PGR) on solid or in broth medium. On solid medium, 9 halo-tolerant isolates out of 58 isolates were gave indole acetic acid (IAA) which appeared red zone around growth zone with index ranged from 0.25 to 0.56. While in broth medium, 9 isolates were tried to produce IAA and gibberellic acid (GA) in presence of NaCl at 0.5 or 1%. The maximum IAA and GA production were obtained by FS12 isolate (4.32 and 4.52 mg/100ml) and by FW2 isolate (2.71 and 2.92 mg/100ml) at 0.5% and 1% NaCl, respectively. FS12 was selected as the most efficient isolate for plant growth regulators (PGR) production and identified as Aspergillus niger. Carbon and nitrogen sources were studiedfor PGR optimization by the tested strain. Whey and peptone were used as a sole carbon and nitrogen source, where increased the IAA and GA production about 15.4% and 71.3% as compared to control (basal medium).

scholarly journals Effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on production of proteases by Bacillus subtilis IC-5

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
Sereen Gul ◽  
Mujeeb Ur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Ajmal ◽  
Abdul Kabir Khan Achakzai ◽  
Asim Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Neutral Protease ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen Source ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

The effects of various carbon and nitrogen sources were evaluated on production of proteases by Bacillus subtilis IC-5. Both type and concentration of carbon and nitrogen sources influenced the production of proteases. Among the carbon sources glucose was found to be the most effective. It gave maximum production at 2% w/v concentration i.e., 1875 and 950 U/ml, alkaline and neutral protease, respectively. The response of Bacillus subtilis IC-5 towards synthesis and excretion of enzymes varied with the type of nitrogen sources. The addition of organic nitrogen sources to basal medium repressed the synthesis of proteases while the addition of inorganic nitrogen source such as sodium nitrate was found to be the best stimulating for alkaline and neutral protease synthesis. Sodium nitrate enhanced the production up to 62.40 and 10.52% of alkaline and neutral protease, respectively against w.r.t. control.

scholarly journals Nutritional Requirements for the Improvement of Growth and Sporulation of Several Strains ofMonascus purpureuson Solid State Cultivation

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Ajdari ◽  
Afshin Ebrahimpour ◽  
Musaalbakri Abdul Manan ◽  
Muhajir Hamid ◽  
Rosfarizan Mohamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Medium Optimization ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
The Media ◽  
Sporulation Rate

This paper describes the nutritional requirements for the improvement of growth and sporulation of several strains ofMonascus purpureuson solid state cultivation. The findings revealed that glucose enhanced growth of allM. purpureusstrains tested but inhibited the sporulation rate. On the other hand, sucrose induced sporulation but inhibited production of cell mass. A combination of glucose and sucrose greatly enhanced sporulation and cell mass production ofM. purpureus. Although growth and sporulation rate were related to the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N ratio), the types and concentrations of carbon and nitrogen sources also greatly influenced the growth kinetics. Among the media tested, Hiroi-PDA medium was the most preferred medium for allM. purpureusstrains tested for the enhancement of radial growth rate, sporulation, and cell production. Hence, Hiroi-PDA could be suggested as the generic basal medium for the cultivation ofM. purpureus. However, individual medium optimization is required for significant enhancement in growth and sporulation of each strain ofM. purpureus.

ENERGY AND NITROGEN REQUIREMENTS OF MICROCOCCUS ROSEUS

1963 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Eisenberg ◽  
James B. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Excellent Growth ◽  
Micrococcus Roseus ◽  
Do So

A collection of pink-pigmented micrococci has been studied and found to be a relatively homogeneous group that deserve species recognition as Micrococcus roseus. These organisms are salt-tolerant obligate aerobes that usually reduce nitrates and do not hydrolyze gelatin. They can utilize xylose, glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, sucrose, acetate, pyruvate, lactate, malate, succinate, and gluconate as carbon and energy sources. Most strains also can utilize arabinose, lactose, maltose, glycerol, mannitol, sorbitol, and propionate. A synthetic basal medium has been devised that will give excellent growth of these organisms with glutamic acid as the sole source of nitrogen, carbon, and energy. Two vitamins, biotin and thiamine, are required by all strains, and are the only vitamins in the synthetic medium that was used to study interrelationships between nitrogen and carbon sources. Ammonia can serve as the sole source of nitrogen when glucose, or certain other substrates, is the sole source of carbon and energy. Not all substrates that can supply energy in a complex medium can do so in the synthetic medium with ammonia as the sole source of nitrogen. Some amino acids in addition to glutamate have a limited ability to serve as a source of both carbon and nitrogen. The ability of individual amino acids to serve as a sole source of nitrogen depends upon the nature of the substrate that is present as a carbon and energy source.

THE EFFECT OF NUTRIENTS AND ENVIRONMENT ON SYNNEMATA FORMATION OF STILBELLA THERMOPHILA

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Al-Hassan ◽  
C. L. Fergus
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
The Media ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Exogenous Supply

Stilbella thermophila Fergus was grown on a chemically denned medium of D-glucose, KNO3, MgSO4, KH2PO4, agar, and microelements to determine the effect of environment and nutrition on growth and synnemata production. An exogenous supply of thiamine stimulated growth markedly on pyridine-purified agar, but both thiamine and biotin were required for synnemata to form. Pyrimidine was the effective moiety, not thiazole. S. thermophila grew on a large number of carbon and nitrogen compounds substituted singly into the basal medium, but synnemata formed on less than half of such media. Sucrose did not inhibit synnemata formation with glucose present, but no synnemata formed with sucrose in the medium even with a number of different nitrogen sources. Synnemata production followed chance mold contamination on a few of the media that normally did not allow their production. The carbon–nitrogen ratio significantly affected synnemata formation. So did pH, concentration of phosphate buffer, and temperature. At suboptimal temperatures, reduced synnemata, or only loose bundles of conidiophores, formed. Light was not required for synnemata initiation nor for maturation. Synnemata formation occurred over a narrower range of temperature, pH, vitamin concentration, nutrient concentration, and nutrient spectrum (carbon and nitrogen sources) than did mycelial growth.

PROTEINASE BIOSYNTHESIS BY STREPTOCOCCUS LIQUEFACIENS: I. THE EFFECT OF CARBON AND NITROGEN SOURCES, pH, AND INHIBITORS

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 747-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Rabin ◽  
Leonard N. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

Some nutritive aspects of proteinase biosynthesis by non-proliferating cells of Streptococcus liquefaciens, strain 31, were investigated by substituting constituents in a basal medium containing casein, lactose, purines, pyrimidines, vitamins, and salts. The casein of the medium could be replaced by a mixture of 12 "essential" amino acids (glutamic acid, histidine, valine, serine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, arginine, cystine, lysine, tryptophane, and threonine), thus demonstrating that proteinase synthesis can occur in a medium devoid of protein. Proteinase biosynthesis appeared to depend upon an inordinately high concentration of arginine, required a fermentable carbohydrate, and occurred optimally at pH 6.3. Sodium fluoride and iodoacetate did not inhibit the proteinase activity but radically curbed its synthesis.

scholarly journals Lab-Scale Optimization of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production by Bacterial Strain cmg1415 on Local Cheap Substrates Using One Variable at a Time Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Muhammadi Muhammadi ◽  
Shabina Shafiq
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Scale Optimization

Production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) under optimum culture conditions using local cheap feedstocks is indispensable to overcome the current cost of PHA-based plastics. For this purpose, optimum culture conditions and cheap feedstocks were investigated to produce maximum yield of PHA in CMG1415. Maximum yield was obtained with sucrose or sugar beet as sole source of precursors for PHA in 8 days of incubation at 35 °C in a minimal medium adjusted at pH 7. Further, for maximum yield no mechanical shaking was needed. Local cheap feedstock such as sugar beet and molasses were found to play as significant carbon and nitrogen sources for maximum PHA yield.  Bacterial plastic produced under these low-labor-cost culture conditions may to reduce the present cost of degradable bioplastic and be much effective alternate of nondegradable varieties of synthetic plastic.

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