Resin Penetration in Artificial Enamel Carious Lesions after Using Sodium Hypochlorite as a Deproteinization Agent

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
SS Gómez ◽  
P Bravo ◽  
R Morales ◽  
A Romero ◽  
A Oyarzún
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Conventional Technique ◽  
Surface Cleaning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhesive Resin ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
And Control

Objectives: To study the degree of penetration of an adhesive resin in artificial enamel carious lesions after using sodium hypochlorite as deproteinization agent. Study design: Twenty included human third-molars, extracted for surgical indication, were used. Artificial lesions were created in the buccal and lingual sides of each specimen through a cycle of demineralization-remineralization. Samples were then incubated in human saliva for 7 days at 37 ° C. After surface cleaning, lesions and the peripheral sound enamel were etched with 37% orthophosphoric acid for 20 seconds. One lesion of each specimen was treated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for one minute. The other lesion of each specimen was used as a control. Experimental and control lesions were sealed with a fluid resin marked with Rhodamine B. Lesions were sectioned for microscopic observation by epifluorescence and polarized light. The images obtained were analyzed morphometrically. The micrometer measurements were made with ImageJ ® software. The level of significance was assessed at p<0.05. Results: The average sealant depth penetration in the control group was 94.9 ± 28.6 ?m versus 122.8 ± 25.3 μm in the experimental group. This represents Δ 20.1% significantly greater penetration when using sodium hypochlorite (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results demonstrated a significant penetration of the sealing resin when the conventional technique is complemented with the application of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite for one minute in artificial enamel carious lesions.

TEACHING READING BY UTILIZING HOT POTATOES SOFTWARE TOWARD STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Abdullah Farih
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Teaching Reading ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
And Control

The objective of this study is to measure whether there is or not significant effect of teaching reading by utilizing Hot Potatoes software toward students’ reading comprehension of descriptive text. The variables used were the teaching treatment of Hot Potatoes Software as the independent variable and the students’ reading comprehension of Descriptive Text as dependent variable. Then, the research designed was Quasi-experimental design and the presentation of data used was quantitative. The data were obtained from the eleventh grade, of which 28 students were taken as sample. The students are divided into two groups; experiment group consisted of 12 students and control group consists of 16 students. To get the data, the pre-test and post-test were applied and then analyzed using t-test formula. The researcher had concluded that there is Significant effect of Hot Potatoes Software toward the students’ reading comprehension achievement. The result showed that mean of students’ post-test was increased. It is proved by the t-test (8.54) which is higher than t-table (2.05) at level of significance 5%. It means that the alternative hypothesis was accepted and it proved that Hot Potatoes Software had significant effect toward students’ reading comprehension of Descriptive Text

The Effect of Applying POSSE (Predict- Organize-Search-Summarize-Evaluate) on the Students’ Reading Comprehension

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Rejeki Maha ◽  
Berlin Sibarani
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multiple Choice Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This study was aimed at finding out The Effect of Applying POSSE (Predict-Organize-Search-Summarize-Evaluate) Strategy on the Students’ Reading Comprehension. This study used the experimental design. The population of this study was the students of SMA Negeri 2 Medan. There were sixty students taken as the sample of the research. This study was conducted with two randomized groups namely experimental and control group. The experimental group was taught by applying POSSE strategy while control group was taught without applying POSSE strategy. The instrument of collecting the data was multiple choice test which consists of 40 items. To obtain the reliability of the test, the researcher used Kuder-Richardson (KR-21). The calculation shows the reliability was 0.81(high). The data were analyzed by using t-test. The calculation shows that t-observed (4.76) is higher than t-table (2.00) at the level of significance (α) 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 58. Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. It means that there was a significant effect of applying POSSE strategy on the students’ reading comprehension. Keywords: POSSE Strategy, Reading Comprehension.

The Effect of Applying Learning Together Method on the Students’ Reading Comprehension

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haryato Siregar ◽  
Elia Masa Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Teaching Reading ◽  
Multiple Choice Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Learning Together

This study was aimed at finding out the effect of applying Learning Together Method on the students’ reading comprehension. This study used the experimental design. The population of this study was the students of SMP Negeri 1 Muara. There were sixty students of eighth class as the sample of the research. This study was conducted with two randomized groups namely experimental and control group. The experimental group was taught by applying Learning Together Method while control group was taught without applying Learning Together Method. The instrument of collecting the data was multiple choice test which consists of 20 items. To obtain the reliability of the test, the researcher used Kuder-Richardson (KR-21) formula. The calculation shows the reliability was 0.82(high). The data were analyzed by using t-test. The calculation shows that t-observed (4.9) is higher than t-table (2.00) at the level of significance (α) 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 58. Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. It means that teaching reading comprehension by applying Learning Together Method significantly affect reading comprehension. Keywords: Learning Together Method, Reading Comprehension

THE EFFECT OF RAP (READ, ASK, PARAPHRASE) STRATEGY ON STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION IN READING ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION TEXT

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika N. And Lince Sihombing
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multiple Choice Tests ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This study focused on finding out the effect of applying RAP (Read, Ask,Paraphrase) Strategy on students’ reading comprehension in reading analyticalexposition text. This study was conducted in experimental design. The populationof this research was the second year of students in SMA Swasta Katolik BudiMurni 2 Medan. There were seventy students of the second year senior highschool students as the sample of the research. This study was conducted with tworandomized groups namely Experimental Group and Control Group. Theexperimental group was taught by applying RAP Strategy, while the control groupwas taught by applying conventional strategy. The instrument of collecting thedata was multiple choice tests which consisted of 25 items. The data wereanalyzed by using t-test formula. The calculation shown that t-observed (5.36)was higher than t-table (1.994) at the level of significance (α) 0.05 with the degreeof freedom (df) 68. It means that there was a significant effect of applying RAPStrategy on students’ reading comprehension in reading analytical exposition text.

Effectiveness of a New Fluoride Varnish for Caries Prevention In Pre-School Children

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Pitchika ◽  
C Kokel ◽  
J Andreeva ◽  
A Crispin ◽  
R Hickel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Model Potential ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control ◽  
Caries Lesions ◽  
Initial Statistical Analysis

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of a new fluoride varnish (Clinpro White Varnish, 3M Espe, Seefeld, Germany) with regard to the caries incidence within a 2-year period. Study design: A non-randomized sample of 400 children from the Kyffhäuser district (Thuringia, Germany) was divided into a fluoride group (FG, biannual application of fluoride varnish) and control group (CG, no intervention). (Non-)cavitated caries lesions were recorded using World Health Organization (WHO) and Universal Visual Scoring System (UniViSS) criteria. Parents were given questionnaires to gather information about their socio-economic status (SES). Non-parametric methods and binomial logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results: There was a significant increase in caries incidence in both groups. The number of non-cavitated carious lesions was significantly lower in the FG (mean 2.2; sd 2.3) compared with the CG (mean 2.9; sd 1.9). Initial statistical analysis revealed that fluoride varnish might prevent non-cavitated carious lesions. When including SES as a confounder into regression model, potential preventive effect was lost. Conclusions: This study underlines the importance of the multi-factorial etiology of caries and illustrates that the effectiveness of biannual fluoride varnish application was evident in non-cavitated carious lesions only.

scholarly journals Understanding of Chemicai Formulae And Nomenclature Of Inorganic Compounds Using Improvised Conceptual Models Among Teacher-Trainees In Offinso And Atebubu Colleges Of Education In Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilatam Peter Mayeem ◽  
Anna M. Naah ◽  
Augustine Adjei
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Colleges Of Education ◽  
Teacher Trainees ◽  
Cognitive Capability ◽  
Education In Ghana ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
And Control

The study aimed at enhancing the understanding of SHS students in chemical formulae and nomenclature using locally constructed conceptual models. It was carried out in Offinso and Atebubu Colleges of Education. The research instrument used was pretest and protest on an experimental and control group with 200 students as sample size. Developmental research design with cluster and purposive sampling techniques were employed. Five research questions were formulated out of which four were modified into null hypothesis and was tested using 2-tailed t-test at 0.05 level of significance. The research results have showed that the use of conceptual models enhanced the understanding of Teacher-trainees in chemical formulae and nomenclature. Additionally, it was found out that the conceptual models had no influence on gender or cognitive capability. This emphasized that conceptual models should be used to assist the teaching and learning of chemical formulae and nomenclature.    

scholarly journals Effects of combined plyometric and sled training on vertical jump and linear speed performance ​​in young soccer players (Efectos de la combinación de entrenamiento pliométrico y de arrastres sobre el rendimiento en salto vertical y la velocidad lineal e

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 228-235
Author(s):  
Moisés Falces-Prieto ◽  
Javier Raya-González ◽  
Eduardo Sáez de Villarreal ◽  
Jesús Rodicio-Palma ◽  
Francisco Javier Iglesias-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Group ◽  
General Development ◽  
Speed Performance ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Los Grupos ◽  
Experimental Group

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a combined plyometrics and sled training carried out two days a week for 8 weeks. 60 young male soccer players were distributed in 4 groups (Under U16) [Experimental Group (U16 Exp, n=15) and Control Group (U16 Cont, n=15); and (Under19) [U19 Exp, (n=15) and U19 Cont, (n=15)]. The jump with countermovement (CMJ) was evaluated with Chronojump-Boscosystem® and the time in seconds (sec) in the 10, 20, and 40 m split with FitLight Trainer®. Was calculated a level of significance of p≤0.05, the effect size (ES) and % change. Both experimental groups improved from pre-to pots-test in CMJ [U16Exp (p<0.02) and U19Exp (p<0.01)] and the 10, 20, and 40 m splits [U16Exp (p<0.02, p<0.03, and p<0.01, respectively) and U19Exp (p<0.02, p<0.02, and p<0.01, respectively)]. Therefore, the combination of football and plyometric and resisted methods can be used for a general development of the neuromuscular capacities of young soccer players. Resumen. El objetivo fue evaluar los efectos de un entrenamiento combinado de pliometría y arrastres realizado 2 días en semana durante 8 semanas. 60 jugadores jóvenes de fútbol fueron distribuidos en 4 grupos (Cadete (CAD) [Grupo Experimental (CADExp n= 15) y Grupo Control (CADCont n= 15)] y (Juvenil (JUV) [JUVExp n= 15 y JUVCont n= 15]. Se evaluó el salto con contramovimiento (CMJ) con Chronojump-Boscosystem® y el tiempo en segundos (seg) en los tramos de 10, 20, y 40 m con FitLight Trainer®. Se calculó en nivel de significación p≤0.05, tamaño del efecto (TE) y % de cambio. Los grupos experimentales mejoraron del pre al pots-test en CMJ [CADExp (p<0.02) y JUVExp (p<0.01)] y los tramos de 10, 20, y 40 m [CADExp (p<0.02, p<0.03, p<0.01, respectivamente) y JUVExp (p<0.02, p<0.02, p<0.01, respectivamente)]. Por tanto, la combinación de fútbol y métodos pliométricos y resistidos puede utilizarse para un desarrollo general de las capacidades neuromusculares de los futbolistas jóvenes.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Anti-Rusting Agents on Sterilization of Instruments used in Orthodontic Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1644-1647
Author(s):  
Subashree Rathi Selvan ◽  
Arvind Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Carbide Steel ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
And Control

Autoclaving (a process of sterilization) of instruments can lead to rust formation and corrosion especially the cutting instruments because they have a carbide steel tip. The aim of this study was to check the microbial load of instruments after treatment with any of these agents viz. sodium hypochlorite, vinegar, lemon and coconut oil followed by autoclaving and to assess the instruments for corrosion treated by these above mentioned agents followed by autoclaving. A sample of twenty five orthodontic pliers and cutters were selected for evaluation. They were divided into five groups depending on the agent used. After ultrasonic cleaning of these pliers, they were immersed in the respective solutions for 10 minutes, dried and then subjected to autoclaving. Microbial swabs were collected at two stages: before treating the instruments(T0) with anti rusting agents and after autoclaving(T1). Quantitative culture was performed using standard technique. The working edge of each instrument was examined visually on the amount of corrosion seen. The mean difference in colony forming units of each group were sodium hypochlorite-48.6, vinegar-32.2, coconut oil-31.4, lemon-7.4 and control group-16.8. In this study, use of additive agents like sodium hypochlorite, vinegar, lemon and coconut oil did not alter the process of sterilization, wherein, the CFU’s of all the four experimental groups were similar to the control group. Visual examination reveals that the anti-rusting property of coconut oil is far superior compared to all other agents used.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Using the Flipped Learning Strategy Using Pen Tablet in the Achievement and Motivation towards Mathematics among Tenth Grade Female Students in Wadi Al-Seer District: فاعلية استخدام استراتيجية التعلم المقلوب باستخدام Pen Tablet في التحصيل والدافعية نحو مادة الرياضيات لدى طالبات الصف العاشر الأساسي في لواء وادي السير

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suha Mohammad Amawi, Hamzeh Abd alftah Alassaf
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Flipped Learning ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tenth Grade ◽  
Pen Tablet ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of flipped learning strategy using pen tablet in the achievement and motivation towards mathematics among tenth grade female students in Wadi Al-Seer district. The study used a Quasi-experimental design, Where the study was applied to a sample of (93) female students from the tenth grade, it was divided into (48) female students in the experimental group and (45) female students in the control group. The experimental group was taught using a flipped learning strategy by activating the pen tablet, while the control group studied in the traditional way. The Study tools were used achievement test and Motivation scale for learning mathematics. The results of the study showed a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (α = 0.05) between the mean achievement of female students in mathematics in the two experimental and control groups on the post test for the benefit of the experimental group students who studied using the flipped learning strategy using the pen tablet, where the arithmetic mean reached (15.96) of (20), The results also showed a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (α = 0.05) in the scores of the motivation scale towards mathematics between the experimental and control groups on the dimensional scale in favor of the experimental group students who studied using the flipped learning strategy using the pen tablet, where the arithmetic mean reached (2.89) From (3.) the differences were in favor of the experimental group. In light of the results of the study; it recommends the use of the flipped learning strategy by activating the pen tablet tool in teaching math for the tenth grade, and further research into the use of the pen tablet in teaching other educational materials and for other educational stages.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Skimming and Scanning Techniques in Improving Student’s Reading Comprehension of Grade Eleven Students of SMA Negeri 1 Tana Toraja

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Yanti Mambua
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Random Assignment ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
And Control

This research aims at proving that the use of using Skimming and Scanning techniques are effective in improving reading comprehension of grade-eleven students of SMA Negeri 1 Tana Toraja. The method used in this research was true-experimental design random assignment pretest-posttest control group. The samples of this research were selected from the population of grade-eleven students of SMA Negeri 1 Tana Toraja by using random sampling technique. The instruments of data collection were observation checklist, questionnaire items and tests. The data were analyzed by using t-test statistical and descriptive methods. Based on the analysis, the result score of experimental class is 80.27 and control class is 67.02. By applying level of significance 0.05 and degree of freedom (df) 48, the t-counted value (4.3) is greater than t-table value (2013). Furthermore, based on the result of effectiveness indicators showed the score is 83% it means that the techniques are effective. In other words, applying skimming and scanning techniques are effective in improving students reading comprehension of the grade eleven students of SMA Negeri 1 Tana Toraja. Keywords: Reading Comprehension Skimming and Scanning

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document