scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence and Platform Law for the Development of the Digital Agricultural Complex of the Russian Federation

Lex Russica ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Kashkin ◽  
A. V. Altukhov

Today, many processes are being digitalized in the world: production, technological, social, legal, economic, food, and this is not a fashionable trend, but a vital necessity. The state policy of Russia is also aimed at large-scale digitalization of various industries. Agricultural complex is of great importance for ensuring sovereignty, national security and supplying the population with necessary products. According to economists, the introduction of platform and other innovative technologies will have an extremely positive impact on the economy of our state; will increase the export potential, which will eventually enhance the country’s prestige in the world. However, lawyers rightly point out that the introduction of innovative technologies requires adequate innovation legislation. The paper deals with the problems of legal regulation of digitalization of the Russian agricultural complex based on artificial intelligence and the need to introduce elements of modern “platform law” into it. The possibilities and importance of digitalization are shown, the expediency of creating an appropriate legal platform is indicated. Definitions and explanations of the functioning of platforms and platform law are given. Approaches to digitalization in the European Union and the Russian Federation are considered. It is noted that an important mechanism for the functioning of the platform, including for the agricultural sector, is the standardization of mechanisms and norms of interaction from a technical and legal point of view. It is concluded that when training specialists of agricultural enterprises, it is important to include the study of the legal component, which will effectively use the emerging elements of complex legal platforms necessary for the innovative development of the agro-industrial complex.

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
V. F. Pivovarov ◽  
R. A. Meshcheryakova ◽  
T. N. Surikhina ◽  
O. A. Razin ◽  
A. A. Tareeva

The article examines the results of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy and the economy of the Russian Federation at the end of 2020. The quarantine measures introduced by the countries continue to negatively affect the economic situation in the world and the economies of individual countries. There is an acute shortage of seasonal workers in the agricultural sector of the countries of the world. The introduction of restrictions on the export of goods reduced the volume of imports. In Russia, the growth rate of imports from non-CIS countries has decreased. In January 2021, compared to January 2020, imports for food products and raw materials for their production decreased by 4.2%, and for vegetables – by 11.5%. According to the Federal Customs Service, the export of vegetables increased 3 times in terms of physical volumes and only 11% in terms of value. The growth in the physical volumes of export of products of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation did not lead to a corresponding increase in revenue. The prices for vegetables imported into the country were 2.5-3.4 times higher than the prices for exported ones. Despite some difficulties, losses in this area due to the pandemic were minimal. The gross harvest of vegetables in the country as a whole amounted to 13.8 million tons, which is 1.7% below the level of 2019. At the same time, the gross harvest of vegetables in open ground decreased by 3.1%, vegetables in protected ground increased by 6.6%. Difficulties encountered in implementation. During the crisis period due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for vegetables fell by 30%. Consumers, in an effort to improve their immunity, began to buy more environmentally friendly and healthy products, including vegetables. The demand for organic products has grown by 15-20%. To accelerate the economic recovery, it was necessary to take additional measures on the part of states to support producers and consumers, restore purchasing power and help businesses, expand access to credit resources, stimulate investment activity, and reduce the tax burden on businesses and the population. In Russia, financial support for the main measures of state policy in the field of the agro-industrial complex is carried out within the framework of the implementation of the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and the regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food.


2020 ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
Tetiana Voropayeva

The article is devoted to the study of the biggest challenges, threats and dangers for modern Ukrainianness. The issue of challenges, threats and dangers facing Ukraine and Ukrainianness since 1991 is very relevant today. Scientists who work in the field of crisisology distinguish the concepts of «challenges», «threats», «dangers», «crises», «risks», «catastrophes», «collapse», «wreck», etc. The theoretical and methodological basis of our study is a combination of scientific potential of crisisology, conflictology and Ukrainian studies. Crisisology, conflictology and Ukrainian studies face the task of transdisciplinary understanding of the essence and severity of these challenges, threats and dangers, which are relevant in many areas such as military-defense, geopolitical, demographic, state-building, spiritual worldview, ecological, economics, energy, information, cultural and artistic, linguistic, moral and ethical, scientific, nation-building, educational, political and legal, social, territorial, technological, financial, etc. To these are added threats and dangers: 1) large-scale war with Russia; 2) total spread of COVID-19 in Ukraine; 3) the implementation of a new geostrategic course in Russia (called «geopolitical revenge»); 4) spreading the ideology of the «Russian world», intensifying new attempts by the Russian Federation to dismember Ukraine, supporting separatization and federalization of Ukraine; 5) possible escalation of the Russian-Ukrainian and Armenian-Azerbaijani conflicts, which could lead to a new global confrontation and even a world war; 6) ineffective fight against corruption in Ukraine; 7) the lack of a proper response from the authorities to the need to immediately end Russia’s information and psychological war against Ukraine; 8) destruction of small and medium business and further financial and economic stratification of Ukrainian society; 9) procrastination with the solution of the poverty problem (in conditions when about 60% of Ukrainians are below the poverty line); 10) possible man-made disasters in Ukraine; 11) possible transformation of Ukraine from a subject into an object of international relations; 12) possible rejection of European integration; 13) discrediting the Orange Revolution and the Revolution of Dignity, in order to spread Russian narratives about the coup in Ukraine; 14) intensification of interfaith conflicts in Ukraine; 15) inadequate decision-making by incompetent authorities (threat of economic decline and large-scale financial crisis in Ukraine, possible change in Ukraine’s vector of development, threat of capitulation, refusal of the authorities to resolve the «Ukrainian crisis» (which began after Russia’s aggression and has become a factor influencing the security of Europe and the world) from the standpoint of Ukraine as a subject, not an object); 16) refusal to solve the problems of internally displaced persons; 17) possible «freezing» of the Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict in order to further destabilize Ukraine; 18) strengthening of geopolitical and geoeconomic instability, intensification of intercivilizational and geopolitical confrontation in the world; 19) possible decline of democracy and rise of authoritarianism in Ukraine; 20) expansion of the border with Russia (in case of its absorption of Belarus); 21) possible disintegration of Ukrainian society and world Ukrainiannes; 22) further violation of international law by the Russian Federation; 23) exacerbation of the economic and migration crisis in Europe; 24) radicalization of part of the Islamic world; 25) due to the collapse of the USSR. The challenges, threats and dangers facing Ukrainians can unfold at the global, continental and national levels. Ukrainians must find adequate answers to modern challenges and mechanisms to minimize threats and dangers; ensure stable economic growth; to create a powerful system of national security, army and defense-industrial complex; find ways to ensure national interests in the current crisis; to develop optimal models for resolving the Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict, reintegrating the population of the occupied territories and restoring the territorial integrity of Ukraine.


2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 08077
Author(s):  
Ludmila Spektor ◽  
Vadim Tinshin

The purpose of the article is to study the legal regulation of the agro-industrial complex on the territory of the Russian Federation. Also, this article will consider examples of the CIS countries and countries bordering on the territory of Russia. This work will present: definition (APC), study of the subject and method of legal regulation, which are applied in relation to the agro-industrial complex in Russia, the history of the creation of agricultural complexes in the territory of the Russian Federation, we will talk about industries, the export of agricultural products, as well as what kind of assistance the Russian state and the CIS countries provide in the agricultural sector, support for the agro-industrial complex will also be considered.


The Russian Federation is a leading player in the global community, taking the main paths to its formation. The main trend of global economy is globalization, and domestic economies are integrating into the modern system. The Russian Federation is one of the largest countries in the world, located in a variety of climatic zones, and a particularly favorable climate for the development of agricultural sector is in the south. In Russia, 10 % of the world's arable land is located, so more than 80% of the arable land of the Russian Federation is in the Central Volga region, the North Caucasus, the Urals and Western Siberia. Also in the south of Russia melon farming is widespread. The northern regions of the Russian Federation are also subject to successful development with the help of effective agricultural organizations, according to domestic experience, as well as the previous experience of countries such as Finland, Sweden, and Canada, their agriculture mainly operates in similar conditions as the northern and central RF. In October 2014, the Government of the Russian Federation approved a roadmap for import substitution in the agricultural sector for 2016-2017. According to it, the State Program for Agricultural Development for 2013-2020 and the newest prerogative vectors for the development of agro-industrial complex were established and the required resource provision in the amount of 568.3 billion rubles was allocated for 2015-2020, which will help to reduce imports by 1.4 trillion. rub. The ability to enter the world market can be considered as one of the motives for domestic producers of agricultural products and foodstuffs to increase production volumes and measures of state self-sufficiency in agricultural products.


Lex Russica ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Kashkin

The paper analyzes the dangers faced by man and modern society in the light of the development of artificial intelligence and robotics in the fourth industrial revolution. The author examines the areas of human rights that are threatened by these advances in science and technology in case they are not properly monitored and regulated through legal advances. The historical and regional aspects of legislative regulation of the use of artificial intelligence units and robotics are investigated. Prospects of collision of artificial intelligence units with interests of the person and mankind, and also possible legal mechanisms of the resolution of the conflicts arising between them are analyzed. Using the methodology of comparative law, integration law, international law, analysis and synthesis, the author considers the latest documents of the European Union, EU member States, the United States, Russia, China, South Korea and other most representative countries of the world aimed at effective legal regulation of this promising area of development of modern law. The paper provides an analysis of the main trends in the evolution of modern law of science and technology that affect the life and realization of human and civil rights at the national, supranational and international level and the peculiarities of their legal regulation. The research is carried out on the interdisciplinary combination of elements of comparative law, integration, international and national law with reference to philosophy, sociology, history and prognostics. Conclusions are drawn on the possibility of using the world scientific achievements for the long-term development of the law of the Russian Federation. It is also possible to apply positive foreign experience of legal regulation of artificial intelligence and robotics adapted to the conditions of integration organizations with the participation of the Russian Federation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
ASTEMIR ZHURTOV ◽  

Cruel and inhumane acts that harm human life and health, as well as humiliate the dignity, are prohibited in most countries of the world, and Russia is no exception in this issue. The article presents an analysis of the institution of responsibility for torture in the Russian Federation. The author comes to the conclusion that the current criminal law of Russia superficially and fragmentally regulates liability for torture, in connection with which the author formulated the proposals to define such act as an independent crime. In the frame of modern globalization, the world community pays special attention to the protection of human rights, in connection with which large-scale international standards have been created a long time ago. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international acts enshrine prohibitions of cruel and inhumane acts that harm human life and health, as well as degrade the dignity.Considering the historical experience of the past, these standards focus on the prohibition of any kind of torture, regardless of the purpose of their implementation.


2019 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
I.P. Abramenko ◽  
L.A. Novoselskaya ◽  
R.V. Revunov ◽  
Yanchenko

The article considers the reclamation park, which is an instrument of state stimulation of the development of economic entities of the agro-industrial complex on irrigated lands. On the example of the Rostov region, the authors analyzed the organizational, economic and regulatory mechanisms for the functioning of reclamation parks, as well as the socio-economic effects that arise in connection with the implementation of the specified tools. The results obtained can be used by state authorities of the Russian Federation, a constituent entity of the Russian Federation when drawing up plans for socio-economic development, developing strategies and programs, as well as by economic entities in managing agricultural activities.


Author(s):  
Екатерина Викторовна Глебова

Актуальность темы научной статьи обусловлена тем, что каждый гражданин Российской Федерации независимо от его социального статуса обладает правом на образование. Однако отдельные категории граждан, в частности, осужденные лица, не могут воспользоваться данным правом по причине наличия у них особого юридического статуса. Беспрепятственный доступ осужденных к образовательному процессу оказывает положительное влияние на социальную безопасность и защищенность каждого отдельного гражданина, так как от уровня их образованности напрямую зависит степень их исправления. В данный момент на территории нашей страны наблюдается большая вовлеченность всех слоев населения (включая осужденных) в сферу образовательных услуг как на возмездной, так и на безвозмездной основах. Профессиональное образование и профессиональное обучение как очень важный и необходимый элемент в отечественной пенитенциарной системе регулируется различными источниками права, относящимися и к системе уголовно-исполнительного законодательства, и к системе образовательного законодательства РФ. Целями правового регулирования отношений в сфере образования являются установление государственных гарантий, механизмов реализации прав и свобод человека в указанной сфере, а также защита прав и интересов участников отношений в сфере образования. Problem statement of the scientific article is due to the fact that every citizen of the Russian Federation, regardless of his social status has the right to education. However, some categories of citizens cannot exercise this right due to their special legal status, in particular, we will talk about convicted persons. Unimpeded access of this category of citizens to the educational process has a positive impact on the social safety and security of each individual, since the level of education of convicted persons directly affects the degree of their correction. At the moment on the territory of our country there is a great involvement of all segments of the population (including convicts) to the sphere of educational services free or for a fee. Vocational education and training as a very important and necessary element in the domestic penitentiary system is regulated by various sources of law relating to both the system of penal legislation and the system of educational legislation of the Russian Federation. The objectives of legal regulation of relations in the field of education are the establishment of state guarantees, mechanisms for the implementation of human rights and freedoms in education, as well as the protection of the rights and interests of participants of relations in the educational field.


2018 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 02030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kseniya Kovalenko ◽  
Nataliya Kovalenko

This article discusses the problems of environmental safety in the sphere of disposing of domestic and industrial wastes in the environment as one of the most important aspects of sustainable development of society. At present, this problem is one of the top priorities and is being solved at the world level. With the emergence of the consumer nature of society, the issue of waste disposal becomes more acute, requiring immediate solutions on a global scale. At present, the quantity and variety of solid household waste (MSW) in the countries is rapidly increasing. This is typical not only for industry, agriculture, megacities, but also for individual residents. At the beginning of 2014, the Russian Federation accumulated more than 35 billion tons of waste. The problem of garbage is not just a difficulty, but a global environmental challenge. One of the main reasons is that there are no mechanisms for regulating the market for collection and processing of solid domestic waste in Russia. We can also say that there is a shortage of specialists in this field, competent managers capable of establishing the entire chain of waste utilization. In the Russian Federation, this problem is as acute as it is throughout the world. Unauthorized landfills are one of the components of this problem. The state should pay more attention to legal regulation of this issue, engage in environmental and legal culture of citizens in order to prevent the emergence of unauthorized landfills, their prompt liquidation, and protect the constitutional rights of citizens to an environmentally safe environment.


Author(s):  
N. I. Mikshis ◽  
P. Yu. Popova ◽  
A. P. Semakova ◽  
V. V. Kutyrev

High pathogenicity of anthrax agent combined with unique insensitivity of its spore forms to environmental stresses class it among extremely dangerous biological agents. Registered and effectively used anthrax vaccines made invaluable contribution to the improvement of epidemiological situation around the world. Nevertheless, neglect of non-specific prophylaxis may result in dramatic scenarios and require large-scale measures on rectification of the consequences. Efforts on the development of next-generation vaccines are aimed at safety build-up, decrease in frequency of administration, and enhancement of manufacturing technologies. The review contains the key information on licensed anthrax vaccines designed for medical use, both in the territory of the Russian Federation and abroad. Among multiple experimental developments emphasized have been preparations manufactured by various biopharmaceutical companies in compliance with GMP standards, at different phases of clinical trials in 2016.


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