scholarly journals STUDY OF PETEOLAR ANATOMY OF AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM L. LEAVES AS A PERSPEOTIVE SOUROE OF BIOLOGIOALLY AOTIVE COMPOUNDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
P. V Belov ◽  
V. A Kurkin ◽  
V. M Ryzhov ◽  
L. V Tarasenko ◽  
T. O Kaganova
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Aesculus Hippocastanum ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Beam Type

Topicality. Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) leaves are a perspective source of biologically active compounds. A number of authors have reliably proved the anti-inflammatory and venotonic activity of horse chestnut leaves-based extracts. The lack of regulatory documentation hinders the process of development and implementation of medicines made of horse chestnut leaves. One of the problem of standardization is the confirmation of medicinal plant materials authenticity, in particular, the petiolar signs of leaves should be given in the section “Microscopy”. However, at present, anatomy of the stalks of chestnut leaves has not been studied. Objective. The aim is to investigate the morphological and anatomical structure of the rachises of the finger-complex leaf of horse chestnut and identify the diagnostic features of this medicinal plant materials. Materials and methods. The horse chestnut leaves collected in the period of flowering in June 2018 in the Botanical Garden of Samara University were investigated. The experiment was carried out by the method of light microscopy in transmitted and reflected light on a light field that met the requirements of State Pharmacopoeia of Russia, XIV edition. Results. The analysis made it possible to reveal the structural features of the horse chestnut leaf rachis: the outlines of the cross sections in the basal, medial and apical parts of the rachis, the beam type of the structure; the presence of a central group of beams in the core; collenchim-like parenchyma of the bark; pigmented pith cells, simple starch grains. Conclusion. The obtained data will allow to further development of the section “Microscopy” of the Pharmacopoeial monograph “Aesculus hippocastanum L. leaves”.

On the diagnostics of Adonis L. species (Ranunculaceae) of the Russian flora

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Luferov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Alternative Sources

The article provides brief information about cardiotonic, sedative, cytostatic, diuretic, and antibacterial effects of biologically active compounds of Adonis L. (Ranunculaceae) species. Chemical studies allowed to identify the cardiac glycosides, or cardenolides: or cardenolides: adontoxin, adonitol, adonitoxigenin, acetyldigitoxin and others. In scientific medicine, it is currently allowed to use Adonis vernalis L. Other types of Adonis have a similar chemical composition and are offered as substitutes for this official species, for example, Adonis apennina L. Many Adonis species have limited natural resources, and in some regions are rare, requiring conservation of their natural populations. The search for alternative sources of medicinal plant raw materials, based on this, is relevant. The experimental part of our research was carried out using the morphological and geographical method with the involvement of information on ecology and phenology. For the first time summarizes the diagnostic features of Adonis flora of Russian flora. Previously unknown structural features (shape and size of anthers) were identified that characterize the subgenera Adonanthe and Adonis. Taxonomic study of the genus Adonis of the Russian flora allowed us to determine its species composition, clarify its systematic affiliation, and nomenclature synonyms. 9 species were identified. Of these, 6 are perennials belonging to the subgenus Adonanthe, section Consiligo, which includes 2 subsections: Amurenses (2 species) and Vernales, which is differentiated into 2 rows: Apenninae (2 species) and Vernales (2 species). Subgenus Adonis is represented by 2 sections: Adonis (1 species) and Lophocarpa with sections Aestivales (1 species) and Dentatae (1 species). For all the considered species and varieties, the main distribution areas are given. A key has been compiled to determine the wild Adonis species distributed in Russia.

scholarly journals Assessment of the quality of peppermint leaves by thin-layer chromatography in some objects of plant origin

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
Vali A. Sahratov ◽  
Tamara L. Malkova ◽  
Ludmila N. Karpova ◽  
Anna A. Pospelova
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Active Substances

The State Pharmacopoeia of the XIV edition defines the approach for the assessment of the quality of medicinal plant materials, it deals with the identification of the main groups of biologically active substances by thin layer chromatography. According to this approach, the analysis of some types of medicinal plant materials as a part of some objects of plant origin was carried out. The article presents the quality assessment algorithm as examplified by peppermint leaves (Mentha piperita L.), which are part of a variety of plant object.

scholarly journals Application of Luminescent Microscopy in Analysis of Anatomic-diagnostic Signs of Fruits of Sea Buckthorn

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
O. V. Trineeva ◽  
A. A. Gudkova ◽  
M. A. Rudaya
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Fatty Oil ◽  
Luminescent Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Signs ◽  
Promising Source

Introduction. Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), the family Eleagnaceae – a promising source of biologically active substances, the traditional raw materials of which are fruits. The existing regulatory documentation (ND) lacks such an indicator of the authenticity and good quality of the fruit as «microscopy». Despite the available data on the anatomy and histology of the fruits of this type of medicinal plant material (MPM), the scientific literature does not describe the luminescence features of the tissues of sea buckthorn fruit. It is known that the luminescent features of tissues make it possible to identify the localization of biologically active structures, and also, in some cases, to conduct selective diagnosis of MPM.Aim. The aim of this work was to study the characteristics of the luminescence of the tissues of dried crushed fruits of sea buckthorn, and also to optimize the conditions for analysis.Materials and methods. The object of the study was the dried, crushed fruits of sea buckthorn of various species. The study of microdiagnostic signs was carried out according to the State Pharmacopoeia of the XIV RF GPA.1.5.3.0003.15 «Technique of microscopic and microchemical studies of medicinal plant materials and herbal medicines». A stereomicroscopic study was carried out on a Biomed-6 microscope. The luminescence of sea buckthorn fruit tissues was examined using a luminescent microscope of the Micromed-3 Lum brand.Results and discussion. The most pronounced yellow glow is observed for the tissue of the pulp and epidermis of the fetus, which is associated with the highest content of fatty oil in these structures. Groups of phenolic compounds contained along with oil give a greenish tint to objects, while condensed tannins give a brownish tint. The plates that make up the corymbose hairs do not exhibit bright luminescence; a weak glow is characteristic of the joints of the hair platelets. The walls of stellate hairs have a faint greenish glow. Fragments of the actual fruit («sac») are brownish in color, without their own luminescence, as well as the seed peel. The embryo has its own greenish luminescence due to the presence of both a fatty oil and a complex of storage substances.Conclusion. The luminescent analysis of sea buckthorn fruits was carried out for the first time. The choice of a method for preparing the studied MPM for microscopic examination is experimentally substantiated. The luminescent analysis revealed the peculiarities of the glow of the tissues of the fruits of sea buckthorn. The main microdiagnostic signs of crushed dried sea buckthorn fruits and their biometric characteristics are specified. The analysis of the obtained data will allow us to further develop the section «Microscopic signs» for inclusion in the PA project on MPM, widely cultivated and used by the domestic pharmaceutical industry for the production of herbal medicines.

scholarly journals Members of the family Lamiaceae Lindl. as sources of medicinal plant raw materials to obtain neurotropic drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-28
Author(s):  
Е. V. Zvezdina ◽  
J. V. Dayronas ◽  
I. I. Bochkareva ◽  
I. N. Zilfikarov ◽  
E. Yu. Babaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Neurotropic Activity ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Substances ◽  
The Family ◽  
Active Substances

The aim of this work is to review and analyze the data published in the modern scientific literature obtained in pharmacological, pharmacognostic and pharmacotechnological studies of various types of raw materials obtained from members of the family Lamiaceae L., which were sources of biologically active substances, pharmaceutical substances, total extracts and the drugs – with a neurotropic activity.Materials and methods. For the review, we used the information of scientific literature from open and accessible sources of the last twenty years, located in the scientific and technical libraries of institutions, as well as in electronic databases: Elibrary, PubMed, Scopus, Cyberleninka, GoogleAcademy, J-Stage. The search inquiries were: the species of the family Lamiaceae (Russian and Latin), the samples of medicinal plant materials based on them as well as the names of the drugs and biologically active substances obtained from these raw materials.Results. When working with the sources of scientific information, the main attention was paid to pharmacologic tests performed during the studies on laboratory animals and proving the presence of neurotropic activity in the studied objects – essential oils and extracts from plant raw materials: aqueous, aqueous alcoholic, and methanol ones. It has been established that the potential of the therapeutic and preventive application of pharmaceutical substances and drugs based on the medicinal plant materials obtained from 30 genera members of the Lamiaceae family, remains unrealized despite the close attention of various researchers.Conclusion. This review comprised 71 species from 30 genera. Despite the significant level of the previous study presented in the analysis of this publication, an enormous potential of this family’s species remains unexplored. In the future, they can be of both – pharmacognostic and practical interest, in particular, in creation of new medicinal preparations of the neurotropic action based on them.

scholarly journals Morpho-anatomical aspects of the firstand-second year leaf epidermis of some Rhododendron L. winter-green species in the Bugsko-Polessky Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Yulia Vladimirovna Bondar ◽  
Sergey Vladimirovich Zerkal
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Adaptation Capacity ◽  
Mass Reproduction ◽  
Leaf Anatomical Structure ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

This paper discusses morphological and anatomical aspects of the first-and-second-year-leaf epidermis of the two winter-green species, genus Rhododendron L.: R. catawbiense Michx. and R. davidsonianum Rehd., grown in the Bugsko-Polessky Region from the seed reproduction of the Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. The representatives of the studied genus are promising crops for planting gardens, settlements and interiors. Therefore, the study of leaf anatomy lets to find plants adaptive features to different environmental conditions and identify their adaptation capacity in the new conditions of growth. The paper identified diagnostic features, as well as similarities and differences of morphometric parameters. The research method was a comparative anatomical one. The author made a code of diagnostic features of the leaf anatomical structure, which described the views of cross sections. The character of the natural confinement species lays its mark on the formation of individual elements of the leaves structure, ensuring their successful adaptation to the new conditions of growth. The studies have shown that both species quite successfully acclimatized and are promising for mass reproduction and wider use in the Bugsko-Polessky Region, and this is supported by qualitative and quantitative indicators of the morphology and internal leaf structure.

scholarly journals THE new aspects iN MoRPHoloGICAL AND anatomical DiAGNosTics of the herb monarda fistulosa l

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
A. S Lapina ◽  
V. A Kurkin ◽  
V. M Ryzhov ◽  
L. V Tarasenko
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Monarda Fistulosa ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Pharmacopoeial Monograph ◽  
New Type ◽  
Stems And Leaves

Topicality. The herb of Monarda fistulosa L. cultivated in the Russian Federation is one of the promising sources of essential oils, flavonoids and other biologically active compounds. The problem of standardization of raw materials of this plant is not fully resolved. Objective. The article is aimed at specification and addition of anatomical and histological signs of leaves and stems of Monarda fistulosa, as well as at the study of the luminescent features of their tissues. Materials and methods. The material of the study was the stems and leaves of the Monarda fistulosa, collected in the flowering period in July 2017 in the Botanical Garden of Samara University. The experiment was carried out by the method of light microscopy in transmitted and reflected light on a light field in accordance with the requirements of the monograph of the State Pharmacopoeia of Russia, XIV edition. Results. The article presents the results of a morphological and anatomical study of the herb of Monarda fistulosa. Additionally, the diagnostic features of the studied plant were determined, and the luminescence features of the tissues of the stems and leaves were also described. Conclusion. The obtained data allow us to develop a section “Microscopic signs” of the Pharmacopoeial monograph for the new type of medicine plant material - “herb of Monardae fistulosae”.

scholarly journals OBTAINING PLANT MATERIALS SIBERIAN IRIS (IRIS SIBIRICA L.) BY METHODS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

2018 ◽  
pp. 235-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Людмила (Lyudmila) Ивановна (Ivanovna) Тихомирова (Tikhomirova) ◽  
Наталья (Natal'ya) Григорьевна (Grigor'yevna) Базарнова (Bazarnova) ◽  
Татьяна (Tat'yana) Николаевна (Nikolayevna) Ильичева (Ilicheva) ◽  
Юрий (Yuriy) Цатурович (Tsaturovich) Мартиросян (Martirosian) ◽  
Ирина (Irina) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) Афанасенкова (Afanasenkova)
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Intact Plants ◽  
Large Scale Cultivation

Methods of biotechnology allow to obtain high-quality medicinal plant raw materials in a short time, in large quantities without destroying natural reserves. Biotechnological approaches such as aeroponic technologies have the potential for large-scale cultivation of iris plants and production of secondary metabolites. Microclonal reproduction makes it possible to obtain a healthy planting material in the required amount, regardless of the time of year. The combination of these two technological approaches will allow to develop biotechnology of year-round production of medicinal plant raw materials of Siberian iris. The study determined the content of 6-benzylaminopurine on the stage actually micropropagation for the formation of the greatest number of adventitious shoots of optimal length. The required content of BAP in the nutrient medium for I. sibirica was 2.5–5.0 µM. The introduction of cytokinins in the nutrient medium together with auxins, L-glutamine and adenine sulfate 100 mg/l, as well as the alternation of low and high concentrations of cytokinin enhanced the regenerative effect of BAP. With year-round cultivation of regenerative plants in aeroponic conditions, the amount of biomass of plant raw materials I. sibirica for this method was about 31.2 kg / m2 of crude weight in one year. It is established that intact plants and regenerative plants I. sibirica, obtained on the basis of the developed biotechnology, had identical group composition of biologically active substances. It is revealed that the sum of flavonoids in the leaves of hydroponic iris plants exceeded the content in the leaves of intact plants by 3 times, and the content of essential oil in regenerate plants and hydroponic leaves of the Sterch variety but higher by 26% compared with the leaves of intact plants. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of I. sibirica showed antiviral activity against herpes virus. With low toxicity, both intact plants and regenerative plants had a relatively high selectivity index.

scholarly journals STUDY OF OUTWARD SIGNS, MICROSCOPY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WALNUT

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Strelyaeva Av ◽  
Lezhava Di ◽  
Luferov An ◽  
Bobkova Nv ◽  
Kartashova Nv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Marker Substances ◽  
Transparent Liquid ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Medicinal Plant Material ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Alcohol Extraction

Objective: Walnut is a medicinal plant that is widely used in traditional medicine. We believe that the study of the medicinal plant material of walnut-fruit in the stage of milky-wax maturity and walnut bark is relevant. We described outward signs and microscopy, the diagnostic features of both whole and grinded raw materials, powder bark of walnut and fruits of walnut in the stage of milky-wax maturity.Methods: Alcohol extraction which was derived from walnut bark is a transparent liquid of brown color and alcohol extraction which was derived walnut fruits in the stage of milky-waxy maturity is a transparent, green-brown liquid with a fragrant smell. We performed thin-layer chromatography for the walnut cortex and identified gallic acid.Results: A method of chromatography-mass spectrometry in alcohol extraction from walnut fruit in the stage of milky-waxy maturity allowed to identify 17 compounds belonging to different classes of biologically active substances. We identified sugars, flavonoids, phenolic compounds of coumarins and organic acids. In alcohol extraction from the walnut bark we identified marker substances.

scholarly journals FLAVONOIDS FROM THE BUDS OF THE HORSE CHESTNUT (AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kurkin ◽  
Pavel Viktorovich Belov
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Aesculus Hippocastanum ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Type ◽  
First Time

The buds of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L., Hippocastanaceae family) is a new promising species of medicinal plant raw material. The prospect of studying the buds of this plant is due to the content of flavonoids in them, which have a wide range of pharmacological effects. Flavonoids are interesting for their capillary-strengthening action, which allows them to be used in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. This fact is consistent with the practice of using drugs from other organs of horse chestnut (seeds, leaves) as venotonic and angioprotective drugs. In addition, flavonoids are also characterized by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antifungal activity. The actuality of the study of horse chestnut buds as a new type of medicinal plant material is also supported by the need to develop of the new effective and safe drugs based on the raw materials of this plant. The aim of this study was to determine the flavonoid composition of the buds of Aesulus hippocastanum. In the course of the work from the buds of horse chestnut by the method of column chromatography on silica gel L 100/160 was for the first time there were isolated and characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, UV spectroscopy and mass spectrometry the flavonoid compounds rhamnocitrin (7-O-methylkaempferol), and accompanying 7,4′-dimethylkaempferol. The dominant and diagnostic significant flavonoid for the horse chestnut buds is rhamnocitrin. The results indicate the prospects for further study of the buds of the horse chestnut as a new type of medicinal plant raw materials.

scholarly journals Micromorphology of trichomes in the flowers of the horse chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosława Chwil ◽  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Aneta Sulborska ◽  
Magdalena Michońska
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Aesculus Hippocastanum ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Nectar Guides ◽  
Ornamental Tree ◽  
Glandular Structures ◽  
Light Fluorescence ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Number Of Cells

<em>Aesculus hippocastanum </em>L. is an ornamental tree appreciated for its beautiful flowers and leaves. The flowers of this species contain secondary metabolites exhibiting pharmacological activity. They also produce essential oils and coloured “nectar guides”, which enable insects to reach nectar and pollen. The aim of the study was to investigate the types and characteristics of chestnut flower trichomes, which may contain biologically active substances. The analyses were performed using light, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy. Three types of trichomes were found on the sepals and the surface of the ovary, whereas the corolla petals exhibited two types of hairs and papillae. The hairs differ in terms of their length and number of cells. The perianth and pistil had no capitate hairs, whereas the ovary exhibited the presence of colleters. Histochemical assays revealed that all the types of trichomes and papillae contained lipids or essential oils; hence, they can be classified as glandular structures. The “nectar guides” were characterised by higher density of secretory hairs than that on the rest of the petal surface, which implies that these petal fragments may emit stronger fragrance.

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