scholarly journals THE new aspects iN MoRPHoloGICAL AND anatomical DiAGNosTics of the herb monarda fistulosa l

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
A. S Lapina ◽  
V. A Kurkin ◽  
V. M Ryzhov ◽  
L. V Tarasenko
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Monarda Fistulosa ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Pharmacopoeial Monograph ◽  
New Type ◽  
Stems And Leaves

Topicality. The herb of Monarda fistulosa L. cultivated in the Russian Federation is one of the promising sources of essential oils, flavonoids and other biologically active compounds. The problem of standardization of raw materials of this plant is not fully resolved. Objective. The article is aimed at specification and addition of anatomical and histological signs of leaves and stems of Monarda fistulosa, as well as at the study of the luminescent features of their tissues. Materials and methods. The material of the study was the stems and leaves of the Monarda fistulosa, collected in the flowering period in July 2017 in the Botanical Garden of Samara University. The experiment was carried out by the method of light microscopy in transmitted and reflected light on a light field in accordance with the requirements of the monograph of the State Pharmacopoeia of Russia, XIV edition. Results. The article presents the results of a morphological and anatomical study of the herb of Monarda fistulosa. Additionally, the diagnostic features of the studied plant were determined, and the luminescence features of the tissues of the stems and leaves were also described. Conclusion. The obtained data allow us to develop a section “Microscopic signs” of the Pharmacopoeial monograph for the new type of medicine plant material - “herb of Monardae fistulosae”.

scholarly journals Fruits of Crataegus submollis Sarg.: morphological and anatomical study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 164-170
Author(s):  
Ilnur Kh. Shaikhutdinov ◽  
Vladimir A. Kurkin ◽  
Vitaly M. Ryzhov ◽  
Lubov V. Tarasenko ◽  
Victoria V. Stenyaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Pharmacopoeial Monograph ◽  
Stomatal Apparatus ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Antidepressant Action

Actuality. Fruit of Crataegus L. are successfully used in medicine in the Russian Federation as a source of cardiotonic substances. One of the sources of raw material is Crataegus submollis Sarg., which is cultivated as an edible and ornamental plant everywhere. Previous studies revealed that preparations from fruit of Crataegus submollis Sarg. show diuretic activity and antidepressant action. Therefore, we consider Crataegus submollis Sarg. to be of interest as a new source of medicinal plant raw material, its fruit can be used both fresh and dried. Purpose. The aim of the article is to study the morphological and anatomical features of fresh fruit of Crataegus submollis Sarg. Materials and methods. The material of the study was the fresh and frozen fruit of Crataegus submollis Sarg. collected in September October 2018 in the Botanical garden of Samara University (Samara). The research was carried out by the method of light microscopy in transmitted and reflected light in the light background. Results. Performed analysis allowed to reveal structural characteristics of fruit of Crataegus submollis Sarg. which included cellular structure of the epidermis, lack of stomatal apparatus in epidermis, presence of cortical pores, trichome characteristics, and seed constitution. Conclusion. Our findings allow to develop the section Microscopic Signs of the pharmacopoeial monograph Fresh Fruit of Crataegus submollis Sarg..

On the diagnostics of Adonis L. species (Ranunculaceae) of the Russian flora

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Luferov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Alternative Sources

The article provides brief information about cardiotonic, sedative, cytostatic, diuretic, and antibacterial effects of biologically active compounds of Adonis L. (Ranunculaceae) species. Chemical studies allowed to identify the cardiac glycosides, or cardenolides: or cardenolides: adontoxin, adonitol, adonitoxigenin, acetyldigitoxin and others. In scientific medicine, it is currently allowed to use Adonis vernalis L. Other types of Adonis have a similar chemical composition and are offered as substitutes for this official species, for example, Adonis apennina L. Many Adonis species have limited natural resources, and in some regions are rare, requiring conservation of their natural populations. The search for alternative sources of medicinal plant raw materials, based on this, is relevant. The experimental part of our research was carried out using the morphological and geographical method with the involvement of information on ecology and phenology. For the first time summarizes the diagnostic features of Adonis flora of Russian flora. Previously unknown structural features (shape and size of anthers) were identified that characterize the subgenera Adonanthe and Adonis. Taxonomic study of the genus Adonis of the Russian flora allowed us to determine its species composition, clarify its systematic affiliation, and nomenclature synonyms. 9 species were identified. Of these, 6 are perennials belonging to the subgenus Adonanthe, section Consiligo, which includes 2 subsections: Amurenses (2 species) and Vernales, which is differentiated into 2 rows: Apenninae (2 species) and Vernales (2 species). Subgenus Adonis is represented by 2 sections: Adonis (1 species) and Lophocarpa with sections Aestivales (1 species) and Dentatae (1 species). For all the considered species and varieties, the main distribution areas are given. A key has been compiled to determine the wild Adonis species distributed in Russia.

scholarly journals The content of macro- and microelements in plants of the genus Artemisia under conditions of introduction in the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-209
Author(s):  
O. A. Коrablova ◽  
D. B. Rakhmetov ◽  
M. I. Shanaida ◽  
O. M. Vergun ◽  
Т. S. Bagatska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Artemisia Dracunculus ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Purpose. To determine mineral composition of plants of species of the genus Artemisia (A. dracunculus L., A. abrotanum L. and A. argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot) to determine the possibility of their safe use in the food and pharmaceutical industries of Ukraine. Methods. X‑ray fluorescence method for determining the elemental composition of plant raw materials. Results. The content of mineral elements in plants of the genus Artemisia was determined depending on their ability to absorb elements from the soil and accumulate in the roots and organs of the aerial part was determined. The quantitative content of 21 macro- and microelements was established, and some peculiarities of their migration and distribution in the soil – roots – plant system were revealed. In particular, the aerial part of the studied plants contains K, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn, which are the most important elements in the life of the plant organism. The content of mesoelements Ca and S is quite high. The amount of toxic elements Pb, Sr and Zr in plants is insignificant. Elements K and S accumulate in the aerial part. The content of elements in the aerial part of plants by decreasing their concentration can be represented in the form of the following series: for Artemisia dracunculus – S> K> Ca> Cl> Fe> Sr> Zn> Mn> Cu> Zr> Rb> Br> Cr; for A. abrotanum – K> Ca> S> Cl> Fe> Zn> Sr> Mn> Cu> Br> Cr> Co> Zr> Rb> Ni; for A. argyi – K> Ca> S> Fe> Cl> Sr> Zn> Mn> Co> Zr> Cu> Rb> Br> Se. The content of toxic elements in the studied plants was lower than the maximum allowable concentrations for plant raw materials and food. Conclusions. For the first time under conditions of introduction in the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine in the plants Artemisia dracunculus, A. abrotanum and A. argyi the content of macro- and microelements, which are directly related to the metabolism of biologically active compounds, was determined. The peculiarities of their distribution by plant organs during the transition from soil to aboveground mass have been clarified. The obtained results can be used to evaluate and compare the quality of plant raw materials of the genus Artemisia, to determine the pharmacological properties of these plants associated with some elements of the mineral composition, and their use in the medical and food industries. The obtained data have both scientific and practical significance in the selection of economically valuable plant species for the enrichment of the cultivated flora of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Search for alternative plant raw materials for food industry and environmentally safe animal breeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Vladimirovna Solomonova ◽  
Nikolay Aleksandrovich Trusov ◽  
Tatyana Dmitrievna Nozdrina
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Taxus Baccata ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Plant Resource ◽  
Euonymus Europaeus ◽  
Environmentally Safe

The relevance of the search for alternative plant raw materials to enrich the diets of population throughout the world, including in the Russian Federation, is explained by global mass year-round insufficiency of biologically active nutrients in food. This work is aimed at identifying the most promising food plant species from the list, proposed on basis of long-term observations by staff of Tsytsin Main Moscow Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences (MBG RAS), by bachelors, studying in direction 06.03.01 (Biology) at Moscow State University of Food Production. The research materials (2016-2018) are fruits of hawthorns, rosehips, quince, eleutherococcuses, medlar, mahonia, spindle tree, yews, sumacs, oaks, red-fruited honeysuckles and needles of coniferous plants. Research results indicate the value of studied raw materials as a whole and its advantages in compared species within the genus of plants. Some recommendations for practical usage were made. The following things have been proposed: separation of fruit pulp and seeds before drying of fruits of Crataegus submollis and more preferable C. punctata; wide plantation cultivation of rosehips Rosa amblyotis and R. oxyodon; non-waste separate application of pericarp and seeds of Cydonia oblonga, Mespilus germanica and Mahonia aquifolium; medicinal use of fruits of Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus , and more preferable E. senticosus ; further study of cones of Taxus baccata and T. media; as a spice there is usage of fruits of Rhus typhina ; obtaining unique oils from fruit pulp of Lonicera glehnii, L . ferdinandii, L. maackii and arils of Euonymus europaeus; usage of acorns of Quercus robur, Q. rubra and needles of Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris in feed production. Thus, possibilities of intensifying plant resource usage in the food industry and agriculture were discovered, primarily due to fruits of native introduced species. It is necessary to continue search and further study of the most promising species - sources of alternative plant raw materials.

scholarly journals THE STUDY OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS THE LEAVES AND SHOOTS OF ROSEMARY (ROSMARINUS OFFICI-NALIS L.), INTRODUCED IN BOTANICAL GARDEN OF PYATIGORSK MEDICAL-PHARMACEUTICAL INSTITUTE

2018 ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Залина (Zalina) Маирбековна (Mairbekovna) Тохсырова (Tokhsirova) ◽  
Иван (Ivan) Викторович (Viktorovich) Попов (Popov) ◽  
Ольга (Ol'ga) Ивановна (Ivanovna) Попова (Popova)
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Pharmaceutical Institute

The object of the study was the leaves and shoots of rosemary medicinal (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), introduced for 9 years in the conditions of Caucasian Mineral Waters (North Caucasus) in the Botanical garden of the Pyatigorsk medical and pharmaceutical Institute in the open ground with shelter for the winter. Preliminary identification of phenolic compounds in the extracts from leaves and shoots of rosemary were carried out by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and found gallic acid, rosmarinic acid, quercetin and apigenin.The method of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at wavelengths of 254 and 330 nm in leaves and shoots rosemary drug found 10 compounds: flavonoids: catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, apigenin; phenolcarboxylic acids: caffeic, gallic, chlorogenic, ferulic, rosmarinic as well as ascorbic acid. The content of rosmarinic acid in terms of dry raw materials in rosemary leaves was 0.181–0.184%; in shoots 0.062–0.064%.The area of the Northern Caucasus can be considered as a promising area for cultivation of medicinal plants – rosemary medicinal (Rosmarinus officinalis) – for the production of medicinal plant raw materials with a high content of biologically active substances.

scholarly journals COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF MONARDA FISTULOSA L. GRASS FROM THE COLLEC-TION OF NIKITSKY BOTANICAL GARDEN

2018 ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Ангелина (Angelina) Сергеевна (Sergeevna) Никитина (Nikitina) ◽  
Аслан (Aslan) Мурадалиевич (Muradalievich) Алиев (Aliyev) ◽  
Сергей (Sergej) Александрович (Aleksandrovich) Феськов (Feskov) ◽  
Наталья (Natal'ja) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) Никитина (Nikitina)
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Monarda Fistulosa ◽  
Aboveground Part ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

The creation of promising varieties of medicinal plants with useful properties is an actual direction. The acquisition of new highly productive varieties of medicinal plants and their introduction into the culture are successfully implemented in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, R. Krym. The purpose of this work was to determine the specific features of the essential oil composition of the highly productive varieties Monarda fistulosa L. to determine the prospects of its use in pharmacy and further standardization of raw materials. Essential oil from the aboveground part of Monarda fistulosa L. was obtained by hydrodistillation using the Ginsberg instrument, its content in the raw material reached 2.38% in terms of absolutely dry raw materials. The component composition of essential oil from the aboveground part of the Monarda fistulosa L. was studied by chromatography-mass spectrometry. The presence of 41 components was revealed, 38 of them were identified, the main group being monoterpenes and their derivatives. The highest content of p-cymene, thymol, thymoquinone, thymohydroquinone, carvacrol, γ-terpinene was found in the sample of essential oil. Evaluation of the data of chromatography-mass spectrometry confirms the prospects of using essential oil and Monarda fistulosa L. grass of the assayed variety in pharmaceutical and medical practice as an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal and immunostimulating agent.

scholarly journals STUDY OF OUTWARD SIGNS, MICROSCOPY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WALNUT

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Strelyaeva Av ◽  
Lezhava Di ◽  
Luferov An ◽  
Bobkova Nv ◽  
Kartashova Nv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Marker Substances ◽  
Transparent Liquid ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Medicinal Plant Material ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Alcohol Extraction

Objective: Walnut is a medicinal plant that is widely used in traditional medicine. We believe that the study of the medicinal plant material of walnut-fruit in the stage of milky-wax maturity and walnut bark is relevant. We described outward signs and microscopy, the diagnostic features of both whole and grinded raw materials, powder bark of walnut and fruits of walnut in the stage of milky-wax maturity.Methods: Alcohol extraction which was derived from walnut bark is a transparent liquid of brown color and alcohol extraction which was derived walnut fruits in the stage of milky-waxy maturity is a transparent, green-brown liquid with a fragrant smell. We performed thin-layer chromatography for the walnut cortex and identified gallic acid.Results: A method of chromatography-mass spectrometry in alcohol extraction from walnut fruit in the stage of milky-waxy maturity allowed to identify 17 compounds belonging to different classes of biologically active substances. We identified sugars, flavonoids, phenolic compounds of coumarins and organic acids. In alcohol extraction from the walnut bark we identified marker substances.

scholarly journals STUDY OF PETEOLAR ANATOMY OF AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM L. LEAVES AS A PERSPEOTIVE SOUROE OF BIOLOGIOALLY AOTIVE COMPOUNDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
P. V Belov ◽  
V. A Kurkin ◽  
V. M Ryzhov ◽  
L. V Tarasenko ◽  
T. O Kaganova
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Aesculus Hippocastanum ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Beam Type

Topicality. Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) leaves are a perspective source of biologically active compounds. A number of authors have reliably proved the anti-inflammatory and venotonic activity of horse chestnut leaves-based extracts. The lack of regulatory documentation hinders the process of development and implementation of medicines made of horse chestnut leaves. One of the problem of standardization is the confirmation of medicinal plant materials authenticity, in particular, the petiolar signs of leaves should be given in the section “Microscopy”. However, at present, anatomy of the stalks of chestnut leaves has not been studied. Objective. The aim is to investigate the morphological and anatomical structure of the rachises of the finger-complex leaf of horse chestnut and identify the diagnostic features of this medicinal plant materials. Materials and methods. The horse chestnut leaves collected in the period of flowering in June 2018 in the Botanical Garden of Samara University were investigated. The experiment was carried out by the method of light microscopy in transmitted and reflected light on a light field that met the requirements of State Pharmacopoeia of Russia, XIV edition. Results. The analysis made it possible to reveal the structural features of the horse chestnut leaf rachis: the outlines of the cross sections in the basal, medial and apical parts of the rachis, the beam type of the structure; the presence of a central group of beams in the core; collenchim-like parenchyma of the bark; pigmented pith cells, simple starch grains. Conclusion. The obtained data will allow to further development of the section “Microscopy” of the Pharmacopoeial monograph “Aesculus hippocastanum L. leaves”.

scholarly journals STUDY OF OUTWARD SIGNS, MICROSCOPY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WALNUT

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Strelyaeva Av ◽  
Lezhava Di ◽  
Luferov An ◽  
Bobkova Nv ◽  
Kartashova Nv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Marker Substances ◽  
Transparent Liquid ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Medicinal Plant Material ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Alcohol Extraction

Objective: Walnut is a medicinal plant that is widely used in traditional medicine. We believe that the study of the medicinal plant material of walnut-fruit in the stage of milky-wax maturity and walnut bark is relevant. We described outward signs and microscopy, the diagnostic features of both whole and grinded raw materials, powder bark of walnut and fruits of walnut in the stage of milky-wax maturity.Methods: Alcohol extraction which was derived from walnut bark is a transparent liquid of brown color and alcohol extraction which was derived walnut fruits in the stage of milky-waxy maturity is a transparent, green-brown liquid with a fragrant smell. We performed thin-layer chromatography for the walnut cortex and identified gallic acid.Results: A method of chromatography-mass spectrometry in alcohol extraction from walnut fruit in the stage of milky-waxy maturity allowed to identify 17 compounds belonging to different classes of biologically active substances. We identified sugars, flavonoids, phenolic compounds of coumarins and organic acids. In alcohol extraction from the walnut bark we identified marker substances.

scholarly journals MORPHOMETRIC AND HISTOCHEMICAL RESEARCH OF MELISSA OFFICINALIS L. HERB FROM THE COLLECTION OF NIKITSKY BOTANIC GARDEN

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 504-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Nikitina ◽  
L. A. Logvinenko ◽  
N. V. Nikitina ◽  
S. A. Nigaryan
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Histochemical Methods

The article presents the results of morphological-anatomical, morphometric and histochemical studies of the aerial part of Melissa officinalis L., a selection variety sample from the collection of Nikitsky Botanical Garden – National Science Center (NBG-NSC) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Republic of Crimea. The data on the morphology, histochemistry and morphometry of the main diagnostic microscopic signs of the Melissa officinalis L. herb, which are crucial for establishing the authenticity of medicinal plant materials, and also show the localization of secretion of metabolites and the heterogeneous nature of Melissa essential oil, have been obtained.The aim. Is to determine the microdiagnostic signs and biometric characteristics of the Melissa officinalis L. variety sample, introduced in Nikitsky Botanical Garden, to study the possibility of using histochemical reactions for the analysis of tissues and secretory structures of the studied species.Materials and methods. The plant material was provided by Nikitsky Botanical Garden. The study of microscopic signs, morphometric characteristics as well as histochemical tests, were performed according to the methods of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, XIII edition, using a Micromed-1 light microscope, a Micromed Micrometer 3 LUM fluorescent microscope and a Digital Eyepiece microscope camera MD 3.2 digital camera. The photos were edited in the program Paint. NET.3.5.11.Results. The main diagnostic microscopic signs of the herb of the Melissa officinalis L. selection variety sample can be called as follows: simple unicellular conical, nonbranching hairs, simple multicellular conical hairs, capitate hairs with a multicellular leg and a funnel-shaped head and with a unicellular leg and a spherical head, essential oil glands of a radial-type with 6-8 excretory cells. These signs have been diagnosed in the crushed raw materials. A quantitative assessment of the morphological and anatomical signs of the leaf (leaf thickness, height of the cells of the upper and lower epidermis, stoma density per 1 mm2 of the epidermis), stem, calyx and corolla was carried out. The size of cells, stoma, trichomes, as well as the frequency of the location of trichomes have been analyzed, too. The presence and localization of lipids, polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, essential oil, terpenoids, alkaloids in tissues and trichomes of the herb have been studied by histochemical methods using light and fluorescent microscopy.Conclusion. Morphological and anatomical study of the herb of the Melissa officinalis L. selection variety sample from the Nikitsky Botanical Garden collection has been carried out, diagnostically significant microscopic signs of raw materials have been revealed and their biometric characteristics have been established. For the first time the localization of characteristic secreted biologically active substances in the tissues and secretory structures of the herb has been studied by histochemical methods. The results of the experimental studies complement the scientific literature data and can be used to confirm the authenticity, identification and standardization of the aerial parts of this variety sample.

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