scholarly journals Influence of oil pollution on the microbiocenosis of soils adjacent to the oil storage

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna S. Zhuravleva ◽  
Natal'ya M. Labutova ◽  
Evgeniy E. Andronov
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Composition And Structure

The aim of the work was an investigation of the effect of hydrocarbons on bacterial and fungal cenoses of sod-podzolic soils on the territory adjacent to the oil storage in the village Malye Kolpany, Leningrad Region. NGS methods were used to analyze the taxonomic composition and structure of the bacteriocenosis and the method of direct microscopy by Demkina-Mirchink to determine the length of the fungal mycelium and the number of spores. Taxonomic and structural changes in the bacterial community led to the dominance of genera containing numerous species-oil destructors. It is established that the main role in the decomposition of oil in the investigated territorybelongs to prokaryotes related to the genera Pseudoxanthomonas, Methylobacterium and Nocardioides. Mycocenosis showed high sensitivity and low adaptability to oil contamination.

scholarly journals Automated computational analysis reveals structural changes in the enteric nervous system of nNOS deficient mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben R. Cairns ◽  
Benjamin Jevans ◽  
Atchariya Chanpong ◽  
Dale Moulding ◽  
Conor J. McCann
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Confocal Imaging ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Computational Image Analysis

AbstractNeuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) neurons play a fundamental role in inhibitory neurotransmission, within the enteric nervous system (ENS), and in the establishment of gut motility patterns. Clinically, loss or disruption of nNOS neurons has been shown in a range of enteric neuropathies. However, the effects of nNOS loss on the composition and structure of the ENS remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to assess the structural and transcriptional consequences of loss of nNOS neurons within the murine ENS. Expression analysis demonstrated compensatory transcriptional upregulation of pan neuronal and inhibitory neuronal subtype targets within the Nos1−/− colon, compared to control C57BL/6J mice. Conventional confocal imaging; combined with novel machine learning approaches, and automated computational analysis, revealed increased interconnectivity within the Nos1−/− ENS, compared to age-matched control mice, with increases in network density, neural projections and neuronal branching. These findings provide the first direct evidence of structural and molecular remodelling of the ENS, upon loss of nNOS signalling. Further, we demonstrate the utility of machine learning approaches, and automated computational image analysis, in revealing previously undetected; yet potentially clinically relevant, changes in ENS structure which could provide improved understanding of pathological mechanisms across a host of enteric neuropathies.

scholarly journals Overview of Popular Techniques of Raman Spectroscopy and Their Potential in the Study of Plant Tissues

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1537
Author(s):  
Aneta Saletnik ◽  
Bogdan Saletnik ◽  
Czesław Puchalski
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Identification Technique

Raman spectroscopy is one of the main analytical techniques used in optical metrology. It is a vibration, marker-free technique that provides insight into the structure and composition of tissues and cells at the molecular level. Raman spectroscopy is an outstanding material identification technique. It provides spatial information of vibrations from complex biological samples which renders it a very accurate tool for the analysis of highly complex plant tissues. Raman spectra can be used as a fingerprint tool for a very wide range of compounds. Raman spectroscopy enables all the polymers that build the cell walls of plants to be tracked simultaneously; it facilitates the analysis of both the molecular composition and the molecular structure of cell walls. Due to its high sensitivity to even minute structural changes, this method is used for comparative tests. The introduction of new and improved Raman techniques by scientists as well as the constant technological development of the apparatus has resulted in an increased importance of Raman spectroscopy in the discovery and defining of tissues and the processes taking place in them.

scholarly journals Diversity of Algae and Cyanobacteria and Bioindication Characteristics of the Alpine Lake Nesamovyte (Eastern Carpathians, Ukraine) from 100 Years Ago to the Present

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Petro M. Tsarenko ◽  
Olena P. Bilous ◽  
Olha M. Kryvosheia-Zakharova ◽  
Halyna H. Lilitska ◽  
Sophia Barinova
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Alpine Lake ◽  
Algal Flora ◽  
Ecological Analysis ◽  
Modern Species ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa

The species diversity and changes in the structural dynamics of the algal flora from the alpine lake Nesamovyte has been studied for 100 years. During the period of investigations, 234 species (245 infraspecific taxa) were revealed to cover more than 70% of the modern species composition of the studied lake. The modern biodiversity of algae is characterized by an increase in the number of widespread forms, a change from the baseline “montane” complex in comparison to the beginning of the 20th century. Nevertheless, the Nesamovyte Lake still has a unique algae composition that is typical for high-mountainous European lakes. The presence of a different complex of conventionally arctic species of algae, in particular, diatoms is discussed. Structural changes in the taxonomic composition of the algal flora of the lake as well as in the complex of the leading genera, species and their diversity are revealed. An ecological analysis of the algal species composition of the lake showed vulnerability and degradation to the ecosystem of the lake. On this basis, the issue regarding the question of protection and preservation of the algae significance and uniqueness of the flora of algae in the Nesamovyte Lake are discussed.

Fabrication of Piezoelectric Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Polymer-Based Tactile Sensor Using Electrospinning Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Manikandan ◽  
S. Muruganand ◽  
K. Sriram ◽  
P. Balakrishnan ◽  
A. Suresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Electric Pulse ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Tactile Sensor ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Nano Structure ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Α Phase

The polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofiber has widely investigated as a sensor and transducer material, because of its high piezo and Ferro electric properties. The novel nano structure of PVDF has attracted considerable interest in the bio sensing and biomedical application. This paper deals with PVDF Tactile sensor. Basically The PVDF acts as piezoelectric effect which convert load into electrical signals. The tactile sensor has a main role for visual handicap and robotics. Any physical activities of robotic in all industrial the tactile sensor is a crucible role, whether it can left the object or handling glass parts pressure of object is main. The Sandwich type PVDF base tactile sensor has been fabricated using nanofiber. Using electro spinning method, the PVDF based nanofiber coated over coper the electrodes. In normal, the PVDF has α-phase and while applying electric pulse the PVDF polymer would be changed from α-phase into β-phase. Only in β-phase, the PVDF act as piezo electrics sensor and measure the piezoelectricity simultaneously measure pressure and temperature in real time. The pressure was monitored from the change in the electrical resistance via the piezo resistance of the material. The enhancement of PVDF properties has been carried by using SEM. The SEM image result showed that the size of nanofiber, the size of nanofiber is varied in the range of (180 nm-400 nm) with smooth surface. The X-Ray diffraction has shown that the PVDF was aggregated with the β-phase crystalline nature. Due to β-phase it was act as a piezo electric prosperity’s and its results are very high sensitivity.

scholarly journals Benthic estuarine communities' contribution to bioturbation under the experimental effect of marine heatwaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dolbeth ◽  
O. Babe ◽  
D. A. Costa ◽  
A. P. Mucha ◽  
P. G. Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
Thermal Change ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Heat Extremes

AbstractMarine heatwaves are increasing worldwide, with several negative impacts on biological communities and ecosystems. This 24-day study tested heatwaves' effect with distinct duration and recovery periods on benthic estuarine communities' diversity and contribution to ecosystem functioning experimentally. The communities were obtained from a temperate estuary, usually subjected to high daily thermal amplitudes. Our goal was to understand the communities' response to the thermal change, including the community descriptors and behavioural changes expected during heat extremes. We measured community composition and structural changes and the bioturbation process and nutrient release as ecosystem functioning measurements. Overall, our findings highlight the potential tolerance of studied estuarine species to the temperature ranges tested in the study, as community composition and structure were similar, independently of the warming effect. We detected a slight trend for bioturbation and nutrient release increase in the communities under warming, yet these responses were not consistent with the heatwaves exposure duration. Overall, we conclude on the complexity of estuarine communities’ contribution to functioning under warming, and the importance of scalable experiments with benthic organisms' responses to climate variability, accommodating longer time scales and replication. Such an approach would set more efficient expectations towards climate change mitigation or adaptation in temperate estuarine ecosystems.

scholarly journals Superoxide reductase fromGiardia intestinalis: structural characterization of the first SOR from a eukaryotic organism shows an iron centre that is highly sensitive to photoreduction

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2236-2247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana M. Sousa ◽  
Philippe Carpentier ◽  
Pedro M. Matias ◽  
Fabrizio Testa ◽  
Filipa Pinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Reduction ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Quaternary Structure ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Protein Crystal ◽  
Superoxide Reductase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Eukaryotic Organism ◽  
High Flexibility

Superoxide reductase (SOR), which is commonly found in prokaryotic organisms, affords protection from oxidative stress by reducing the superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide. The reaction is catalyzed at the iron centre, which is highly conserved among the prokaryotic SORs structurally characterized to date. Reported here is the first structure of an SOR from a eukaryotic organism, the protozoan parasiteGiardia intestinalis(GiSOR), which was solved at 2.0 Å resolution. By collecting several diffraction data sets at 100 K from the same flash-cooled protein crystal using synchrotron X-ray radiation, photoreduction of the iron centre was observed. Reduction was monitored using an online UV–visible microspectrophotometer, following the decay of the 647 nm absorption band characteristic of the iron site in the glutamate-bound, oxidized state. Similarly to other 1Fe-SORs structurally characterized to date, the enzyme displays a tetrameric quaternary-structure arrangement. As a distinctive feature, the N-terminal loop of the protein, containing the characteristic EKHxP motif, revealed an unusually high flexibility regardless of the iron redox state. At variance with previous evidence collected by X-ray crystallography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of prokaryotic SORs, iron reduction did not lead to dissociation of glutamate from the catalytic metal or other structural changes; however, the glutamate ligand underwent X-ray-induced chemical changes, revealing high sensitivity of theGiSOR active site to X-ray radiation damage.

Molecular Model for Polymer Fiber Behavior in Active Media under Load

1992 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 392-396
Author(s):  
A. A. Darinsky ◽  
A. V. Lyulin ◽  
L. E. Vaykhansky ◽  
Z. Yu. Chereisky ◽  
I. P. Dobrovolskaya
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Molecular Model ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Fiber Structure ◽  
Polymer Fiber ◽  
Load Characteristic ◽  
Active Media ◽  
Abnormal Increase ◽  
Deformation Processes

A model is proposed describing changes in the polymer fiber structure in active media under load. Characteristic times of diffusion, melting, and deformation processes are estimated. The two processes of media diffusion and deformation of the amorphous parts of the fiber play the main role in the structural changes. Optimizing the correlation between the characteristic times of diffusion and deformation can yield an abnormal increase in fiber lifetime.

Taxonomic composition and structure of bryozoan-associated biofilms from Japan and New Zealand

2005 ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Scholz ◽  
J Kaselowsky ◽  
A Lauer ◽  
S Mawatari ◽  
G Gerdes
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Composition And Structure

Epiphyton of oligotrophic lakes of Leningrad region

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Elena V. Stanislavskaya
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Oligotrophic Lakes ◽  
Epiphytic Algae ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
Epiphytic Communities

Here are results of investigation of taxonomic composition, community structure and dominant species of epiphytic algae in 12 oligotrophic lakes located in different geomorphic regions of Leningrad region. In summer epiphytic communities there were 385 algal taxa, they belonged to 6 taxonomic divisions: Cyanophyta (Cyanoprokaryota) – 50 (13%), Bacillaryophyta – 175 (45%), Chlorophyta – 37 (10%), Charophyta – 118 (30%), Xanthophyta – 4 (1,55%), Rhodophyta – 1 (0,45%). The taxonomic structure of each lake was predominant diatoms and desmids, but the biomass was dominated by zygnems and green algae. In total, the taxonomic composition of the epiphyton in the studied lakes is similar, the differences are revealed at the species level. The structure of dominanting epiphyton complex was rather constant and composed by a small number of species. The greatest contribution to the epiphyton was made by Tabellaria flocculosa and species of the genus Bulbochaete. The structure of the epiphyton reflects the undisturbed nature of lake ecosystems, as well as their northern location.

Implications of OPA 90 in General and Its Effect on the T-AO 187 Class Oilers in Particular

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (03) ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
Hans Hofmann ◽  
George Kapsilis ◽  
Eric Smith ◽  
Robert Wasalaski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
International Maritime Organization ◽  
The Status ◽  
Oil Tankers ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Hull Construction

The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 has mandated that by the year 2015 all oil tankers operating in waters subject to jurisdiction of the United States must have double hulls. This paper examines the Act and the status of regulatory initiatives it has generated. Guidance for new hull construction and retrofit of existing vessels is outlined, and both IMO (International Maritime Organization) and U.S. Coast Guard requirements are discussed. Finally, the structural changes necessary to convert the U.S. Navy's T-AO Class oil tankers to meet the requirements of the Act are specified and illustrated.

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