scholarly journals Analysis of the expression of polyamine biosynthesis genes in nodules of the garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) and the effect of exogenous treatment with polyamines on their development

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-208
Author(s):  
Kira A. Ivanova ◽  
Viktor E. Tsyganov
Keyword(s):  
Arginine Decarboxylase ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Polyamine Biosynthesis ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Pea Mutants ◽  
Exogenous Treatment

BACKGROUND: Polyamines are acting as signaling molecules during adaptation to stressful environment and as regulators of plant development. In plants, polyamines are represented mainly by putrescine, spermidine and spermine. The concentration of polyamines in symbiotic nodules of some legumes is 510 times higher than in the other organs, which indicates their important role in the formation and functioning of symbiotic nodules. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the expression of genes encoding polyamine biosynthesis enzymes in symbiotic nodules, as well as the effect of exogenous polyamines on the nodule number and the average nodule weight in wild-type SGE plants and symbiotic pea mutants SGEFix-1 (sym40-1) and SGEFix-2 (sym33-3). RESULTS: The comparable expression level of arginine decarboxylase gene (PsADC) was observed in all analyzed nodules, whereas the expression level of ornithine decarboxylase gene (PsODC), was highly increased in nodules of SGEFix-2 (sym33-3) mutant. Treatment of the root system with a 0.1 mM solution of polyamines mixture led to an increase in the average weight of the nodule in wild-type plants and in the SGEFix-2 (sym33-3) mutant plants. CONCLUSIONS: It was shown that the main pathway of putrescine synthesis in wild-type pea symbiotic nodules is the arginine pathway, while the ornithine pathway is probably associated with activation of plant defense reactions. Polyamines acting, apparently, through ethylene, affect the functioning of the nodule meristem.

scholarly journals Alopecia in Harlequin mutant mice is associated with reduced AIF protein levels and expression of retroviral elements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maik Hintze ◽  
Sebastian Griesing ◽  
Marion Michels ◽  
Birgit Blanck ◽  
Lena Wischhof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Growth ◽  
Transcriptional Regulators ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Keratinocyte Cell ◽  
Apoptosis Inducing Factor ◽  
Hair Cortex

AbstractWe investigated the contribution of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, in supporting hair growth. We report that pelage abnormalities developed during hair follicle (HF) morphogenesis in Harlequin (Hq) mutant mice. Fragility of the hair cortex was associated with decreased expression of genes encoding structural hair proteins, though key transcriptional regulators of HF development were expressed at normal levels. Notably, Aifm1 (R200 del) knockin males and Aifm1(R200 del)/Hq females showed minor hair defects, despite substantially reduced AIF levels. Furthermore, we cloned the integrated ecotropic provirus of the Aifm1Hq allele. We found that its overexpression in wild-type keratinocyte cell lines led to down-regulation of HF-specific Krt84 and Krtap3-3 genes without altering Aifm1 or epidermal Krt5 expression. Together, our findings imply that pelage paucity in Hq mutant mice is mechanistically linked to severe AIF deficiency and is associated with the expression of retroviral elements that might potentially influence the transcriptional regulation of structural hair proteins.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effects of sdiA, a luxR homologue, on adherence and motility of Escherichia coli O157 : H7

Microbiology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 156 (5) ◽  
pp. 1303-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay K. Sharma ◽  
Shawn M. D. Bearson ◽  
Bradley L. Bearson
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding

Quorum-sensing (QS) signalling pathways are important regulatory networks for controlling the expression of genes promoting adherence of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157 : H7 to epithelial cells. A recent study has shown that EHEC O157 : H7 encodes a luxR homologue, called sdiA, which upon overexpression reduces the expression of genes encoding flagellar and locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) proteins, thus negatively impacting on the motility and intimate adherence phenotypes, respectively. Here, we show that the deletion of sdiA from EHEC O157 : H7 strain 86-24, and from a hha (a negative regulator of ler) mutant of this strain, enhanced bacterial adherence to HEp-2 epithelial cells of the sdiA mutant strains relative to the strains containing a wild-type copy of sdiA. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR showed that the expression of LEE-encoded genes ler, espA and eae in strains with the sdiA deletions was not significantly different from that of the strains wild-type for sdiA. Similarly, no additional increases in the expression of LEE genes were observed in a sdiA hha double mutant strain relative to that observed in the hha deletion mutant. While the expression of fliC, which encodes flagellin, was enhanced in the sdiA mutant strain, the expression of fliC was reduced by several fold in the hha mutant strain, irrespective of the presence or absence of sdiA, indicating that the genes sdiA and hha exert opposing effects on the expression of fliC. The strains with deletions in sdiA or hha showed enhanced expression of csgA, encoding curlin of the curli fimbriae, with the expression of csgA highest in the sdiA hha double mutant, suggesting an additive effect of these two gene deletions on the expression of csgA. No significant differences were observed in the expression of the genes lpfA and fimA of the operons encoding long polar and type 1 fimbriae in the sdiA mutant strain. These data indicate that SdiA has no significant effect on the expression of LEE genes, but that it appears to act as a strong repressor of genes encoding flagella and curli fimbriae, and the alleviation of the SdiA-mediated repression of these genes in an EHEC O157 : H7 sdiA mutant strain contributes to enhanced bacterial motility and increased adherence to HEp-2 epithelial cells.

scholarly journals Redox-Dependent Gene Regulation inRhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1T: Effects on Dimethyl Sulfoxide Reductase (dor) Gene Expression

1998 ◽  
Vol 180 (21) ◽  
pp. 5612-5618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel J. Mouncey ◽  
Samuel Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Strictly Aerobic ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Dmso Reductase ◽  
Regulatory Cascade ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACT The ability of Rhodobacter sphaeroides2.4.1T to respire anaerobically with the alternative electron acceptor dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or trimethylamineN-oxide (TMAO) is manifested by the molybdoenzyme DMSO reductase, which is encoded by genes of the dor locus. Previously, we have demonstrated that dor expression is regulated in response to lowered oxygen tensions and the presence of DMSO or TMAO in the growth medium. Several regulatory proteins have been identified as key players in this regulatory cascade: FnrL, DorS-DorR, and DorX-DorY. To further examine the role of redox potentiation in the regulation of dor expression, we measured DMSO reductase synthesis and β-galactosidase activity fromdor::lacZ fusions in strains containing mutations in the redox-active proteins CcoP and RdxB, which have previously been implicated in the generation of a redox signal affecting photosynthesis gene expression. Unlike the wild-type strain, both mutants were able to synthesize DMSO reductase under strictly aerobic conditions, even in the absence of DMSO. When cells were grown photoheterotrophically, dorC::lacZexpression was stimulated by increasing light intensity in the CcoP mutant, whereas it is normally repressed in the wild-type strain under such conditions. Furthermore, the expression of genes encoding the DorS sensor kinase and DorR response regulator proteins was also affected by the ccoP mutation. By using CcoP-DorR and CcoP-DorY double mutants, it was shown that the DorR protein is strictly required for altered dor expression in CcoP mutants. These results further demonstrate a role for redox-generated responses in the expression of genes encoding DMSO reductase in R. sphaeroides and identify the DorS-DorR proteins as a redox-dependent regulatory system controlling dorexpression.

scholarly journals WhiB5, a Transcriptional Regulator That Contributes to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Virulence and Reactivation

2012 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 3132-3144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Casonato ◽  
Axel Cervantes Sánchez ◽  
Hirohito Haruki ◽  
Monica Rengifo González ◽  
Roberta Provvedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Null Mutant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Secretion Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Type Vii Secretion ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACTThe proteins belonging to the WhiB superfamily are small global transcriptional regulators typical of actinomycetes. In this paper, we characterize the role of WhiB5, aMycobacterium tuberculosisprotein belonging to this superfamily. A null mutant was constructed inM. tuberculosisH37Rv and was shown to be attenuated during both progressive and chronic mouse infections. Mice infected with the mutant had smaller bacillary burdens in the lungs but a larger inflammatory response, suggesting a role of WhiB5 in immunomodulation. Most interestingly, thewhiB5mutant was not able to resume growth after reactivation from chronic infection, suggesting that WhiB5 controls the expression of genes involved in this process. The mutant was also more sensitive than the wild-type parental strain toS-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and was less metabolically active following prolonged starvation, underscoring the importance of GSNO and starvation in development and maintenance of chronic infection. DNA microarray analysis identified 58 genes whose expression is influenced by WhiB5, includingsigM, encoding an alternative sigma factor, and genes encoding the constituents of two type VII secretion systems, namely, ESX-2 and ESX-4.

scholarly journals Supplemental Cellular Protection by a Carotenoid Extends Lifespan via Ins/IGF-1 Signaling inCaenorhabditis elegans

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koumei Yazaki ◽  
Chinatsu Yoshikoshi ◽  
Satoru Oshiro ◽  
Sumino Yanase
Keyword(s):  
Model Organism ◽  
Lifespan Extension ◽  
Cell Organelle ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Cellular Protection ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
In The Wild

Astaxanthin (AX), which is produced by some marine animals, is a type of carotenoid that has antioxidative properties. In this study, we initially examined the effects of AX on the aging of a model organismC. elegansthat has the conserved intracellular pathways related to mammalian longevity. The continuous treatments with AX (0.1 to 1 mM) from both the prereproductive and young adult stages extended the mean lifespans by about 16–30% in the wild-type and long-lived mutantage-1ofC. elegans. In contrast, the AX-dependent lifespan extension was not observed even in adaf-16null mutant. Especially, the expression of genes encoding superoxide dismutases and catalases increased in two weeks after hatching, and the DAF-16 protein was translocated to the nucleus in the AX-exposed wild type. These results suggest that AX protects the cell organelle mitochondria and nucleus of the nematode, resulting in a lifespan extension via an Ins/IGF-1 signaling pathway during normal aging, at least in part.

scholarly journals Expression of Six Peptidases fromLactobacillus helveticus in Lactococcus lactis

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 1232-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Luoma ◽  
Kirsi Peltoniemi ◽  
Vesa Joutsjoki ◽  
Terhi Rantanen ◽  
Marja Tamminen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Lactobacillus Helveticus ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Low Copy Number ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Dipeptidyl Aminopeptidase ◽  
Proline Iminopeptidase

ABSTRACT For development of novel starter strains with improved proteolytic properties, the ability of Lactococcus lactis to produceLactobacillus helveticus aminopeptidase N (PepN), aminopeptidase C (PepC), X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase (PepX), proline iminopeptidase (PepI), prolinase (PepR), and dipeptidase (PepD) was studied by introducing the genes encoding these enzymes intoL. lactis MG1363 and its derivatives. According to Northern analyses and enzyme activity measurements, the L. helveticus aminopeptidase genes pepN, pepC, andpepX are expressed under the control of their own promoters in L. lactis. The highest expression level, using a low-copy-number vector, was obtained with the L. helveticus pepN gene, which resulted in a 25-fold increase in PepN activity compared to that of wild-type L. lactis. The L. helveticus pepI gene, residing as a third gene in an operon in its host, was expressed in L. lactis under the control of the L. helveticus pepX promoter. The genetic background of the L. lactis derivatives tested did not affect the expression level of any of the L. helveticus peptidases studied. However, the growth medium used affected both the recombinant peptidase profiles in transformant strains and the resident peptidase activities. The levels of expression of the L. helveticus pepD and pepR clones under the control of their own promoters were below the detection limit in L. lactis. However, substantial amounts of recombinant pepD and PepR activities were obtained in L. lactis when pepDand pepR were expressed under the control of the inducible lactococcal nisA promoter at an optimized nisin concentration.

Muscle growth after postdevelopmental myostatin gene knockout

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (4) ◽  
pp. E985-E991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Welle ◽  
Kirti Bhatt ◽  
Carl A. Pinkert ◽  
Rabi Tawil ◽  
Charles A. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms ◽  
Tamoxifen Treatment ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Pretreatment Level ◽  
Myostatin Gene ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding

Constitutive myostatin gene knockout in mice causes excessive muscle growth during development. To examine the effect of knocking out the myostatin gene after muscle has matured, we generated mice in which myostatin exon 3 was flanked by loxP sequences (Mstn[f/f]) and crossed them with mice bearing a tamoxifen-inducible, ubiquitously expressed Cre recombinase transgene. At 4 mo of age, Mstn[f/f]/Cre+ mice that had not received tamoxifen had a 50–90% reduction in myostatin expression due to basal Cre activity but were not hypermuscular relative to Mstn[w/w]/Cre+ mice (homozygous for wild-type myostatin gene). Three months after tamoxifen treatment (initiated at 4 mo of age), muscle mass had not changed from the pretreatment level in Mstn[w/w]/Cre+ control mice. Tamoxifen administration to 4-mo-old Mstn[f/f]/Cre+ mice reduced myostatin mRNA expression to less than 1% of normal, which increased muscle mass ∼25% over the following 3 mo in both male and female mice ( P < 0.005 vs. control). Fiber hypertrophy appeared to be sufficient to explain the increase in muscle mass. The pattern of expression of genes encoding the various myosin heavy-chain isoforms was unaffected by postdevelopmental myostatin knockout. We conclude that, even after developmental muscle growth has ceased, knockout of the myostatin gene induces a significant increase in muscle mass.

scholarly journals Down-regulation of cyclin D2 in amyloid β toxicity, inflammation, and Alzheimer’s disease

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259740
Author(s):  
Grzegorz A. Czapski ◽  
Magdalena Cieślik ◽  
Emilia Białopiotrowicz ◽  
Walter J. Lukiw ◽  
Joanna B. Strosznajder
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Aβ Peptide ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinase ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cyclin D2 ◽  
Aβ Peptides ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding

In the current study, we analyzed the effects of the systemic inflammatory response (SIR) and amyloid β (Aβ) peptide on the expression of genes encoding cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) in: (i) PC12 cells overexpressing human beta amyloid precursor protein (βAPP), wild-type (APPwt-PC12), or carrying the Swedish mutantion (APPsw-PC12); (ii) the murine hippocampus during SIR; and (iii) Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain. In APPwt-PC12 expression of cyclin D2 (cD2) was exclusively reduced, and in APPsw-PC12 cyclins cD2 and also cA1 were down-regulated, but cA2, cB1, cB2, and cE1 were up-regulated. In the SIR cD2, cB2, cE1 were found to be significantly down-regulated and cD3, Cdk5, and Cdk7 were significantly up-regulated. Cyclin cD2 was also found to be down-regulated in AD neocortex and hippocampus. Our novel data indicate that Aβ peptide and inflammation both significantly decreased the expression of cD2, suggesting that Aβ peptides may also contribute to downregulation of cD2 in AD brain.

scholarly journals ClpP of Streptococcus mutans Differentially Regulates Expression of Genomic Islands, Mutacin Production, and Antibiotic Tolerance

2009 ◽  
Vol 192 (5) ◽  
pp. 1312-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Partho Chattoraj ◽  
Anirban Banerjee ◽  
Saswati Biswas ◽  
Indranil Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Genomic Islands ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Altered Protein ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACT Streptococcus mutans is the primary etiological agent of human dental caries and, at times, of infective endocarditis. Within the oral cavity, the pathogen is subjected to conditions of stress. A well-conserved protein complex named ClpP (caseinolytic protease) plays a vital role in adaptation under stress conditions. To gain a better understanding of the global role of the ClpP protease in cellular homeostasis, a transcriptome analysis was performed using a ΔclpP mutant strain. The expression levels of more than 100 genes were up- or downregulated in the ΔclpP mutant compared to the wild type. Notably, the expression of genes in several genomic islands, such as TnSmu1 and TnSmu2, was differentially modulated in the ΔclpP mutant strain. ClpP deficiency also increased the expression of genes associated with a putative CRISPR locus. Furthermore, several stress-related genes and genes encoding bacteriocin-related peptides and many transcription factors were also found to be altered in the ΔclpP mutant strain. A comparative analysis of the two-dimensional protein profile of the wild type and the ΔclpP mutant strains showed altered protein profiles. Comparison of the transcriptome data with the proteomic data identified four common gene products, suggesting that the observed altered protein expression of these genes could be due to altered transcription. The results presented here indicate that ClpP-mediated proteolysis plays an important global role in the regulation of several important traits in this pathogen.

scholarly journals Pre-implantation exogenous progesterone and pregnancy in sheep: I. polyamines, nutrient transport, and progestamedins

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C. Hoskins ◽  
Katherine M. Halloran ◽  
Claire Stenhouse ◽  
Robyn M. Moses ◽  
Kathrin A. Dunlap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corn Oil ◽  
Arginine Decarboxylase ◽  
Polyamine Synthesis ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Trophectoderm Cells ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Conceptus Development ◽  
Embryonic Loss ◽  
Exogenous Progesterone ◽  
Implantation Period

Abstract Background Administration of exogenous progesterone (P4) to ewes during the pre-implantation period advances conceptus development and implantation. This study determined effects of exogenous P4 on transport of select nutrients and pathways that enhance conceptus development. Pregnant ewes (n = 38) were treated with either 25 mg P4 in 1 mL corn oil (P4, n = 18) or 1 mL corn oil alone (CO, n = 20) from day 1.5 through day 8 of pregnancy and hysterectomized on either day 9 or day 12 of pregnancy. Endometrial expression of genes encoding enzymes for synthesis of polyamines, transporters of glucose, arginine, and glycine, as well as progestamedins was determined by RT-qPCR. Results On day 12 of pregnancy, conceptuses from P4-treated ewes had elongated while those from CO-treated ewes were spherical. The mRNA expression of AZIN2, an arginine decarboxylase, was lower in endometria of P4-treated than CO-treated ewes on day 9 of pregnancy. Expression of FGF10, a progestamedin, was greater in endometria of CO and P4-treated ewes on day 12 of gestation in addition to P4-treated ewes necropsied on day 9 of gestation. Treatment with P4 down-regulated endometrial expression of amino acid transporter SLC1A4 on day 12 of pregnancy. Conclusions Results indicated that administration of exogenous P4 during the pre-implantation period advanced the expression of FGF10, which may accelerate proliferation of trophectoderm cells, but also was correlated with decreased expression of glycine and serine transporters and polyamine synthesis enzyme AZIN2. Further research with increased sample sizes may determine how differential expression affects endometrial functions and potentially embryonic loss.

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