scholarly journals Pre-implantation exogenous progesterone and pregnancy in sheep: I. polyamines, nutrient transport, and progestamedins

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C. Hoskins ◽  
Katherine M. Halloran ◽  
Claire Stenhouse ◽  
Robyn M. Moses ◽  
Kathrin A. Dunlap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corn Oil ◽  
Arginine Decarboxylase ◽  
Polyamine Synthesis ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Trophectoderm Cells ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Conceptus Development ◽  
Embryonic Loss ◽  
Exogenous Progesterone ◽  
Implantation Period

Abstract Background Administration of exogenous progesterone (P4) to ewes during the pre-implantation period advances conceptus development and implantation. This study determined effects of exogenous P4 on transport of select nutrients and pathways that enhance conceptus development. Pregnant ewes (n = 38) were treated with either 25 mg P4 in 1 mL corn oil (P4, n = 18) or 1 mL corn oil alone (CO, n = 20) from day 1.5 through day 8 of pregnancy and hysterectomized on either day 9 or day 12 of pregnancy. Endometrial expression of genes encoding enzymes for synthesis of polyamines, transporters of glucose, arginine, and glycine, as well as progestamedins was determined by RT-qPCR. Results On day 12 of pregnancy, conceptuses from P4-treated ewes had elongated while those from CO-treated ewes were spherical. The mRNA expression of AZIN2, an arginine decarboxylase, was lower in endometria of P4-treated than CO-treated ewes on day 9 of pregnancy. Expression of FGF10, a progestamedin, was greater in endometria of CO and P4-treated ewes on day 12 of gestation in addition to P4-treated ewes necropsied on day 9 of gestation. Treatment with P4 down-regulated endometrial expression of amino acid transporter SLC1A4 on day 12 of pregnancy. Conclusions Results indicated that administration of exogenous P4 during the pre-implantation period advanced the expression of FGF10, which may accelerate proliferation of trophectoderm cells, but also was correlated with decreased expression of glycine and serine transporters and polyamine synthesis enzyme AZIN2. Further research with increased sample sizes may determine how differential expression affects endometrial functions and potentially embryonic loss.

scholarly journals Analysis of the uterine lumen in fertility-classified heifers: I. Glucose, prostaglandins, and lipids†

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 456-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joao G N Moraes ◽  
Susanta K Behura ◽  
Thomas W Geary ◽  
Thomas E Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Uterine Lumen ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Extraembryonic Membranes ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Genes ◽  
Implantation Period

Abstract Survival and growth of the bovine conceptus (embryo and associated extraembryonic membranes) are dependent on endometrial secretions or histotroph found in the uterine lumen. Previously, serial embryo transfer was used to classify heifers as high fertile (HF), subfertile (SF), or infertile (IF). Here, we investigated specific histotroph components [glucose, prostaglandins (PGs), and lipids] in the uterine lumen of day 17 pregnant and open fertility-classified heifers. Concentrations of glucose in the uterine lumen were increased by pregnancy but did not differ among fertility-classified heifers. Differences in expression of genes encoding glucose transporters and involved with glycolysis and gluconeogenesis were observed between conceptuses collected from HF and SF heifers. In the uterine lumen, PGE2 and PGF2α were increased by pregnancy, and HF heifers had higher concentrations of PGE2, PGF2α, and 6-keto-PFG1α than SF heifers. Differences were found in expression of genes regulating PG signaling, arachidonic acid metabolism, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling among conceptuses and endometrium from fertility-classified heifers. Lipidomics was conducted exclusively in samples from HF heifers, and phosphatidylcholine was the main lipid class that increased in the uterine lumen by pregnancy. Expression of several lipid metabolism genes differed between HF and SF conceptuses, and a number of fatty acids were differentially abundant in the uterine lumen of pregnant HF and SF heifers. These results support the ideas that uterine luminal histotroph impacts conceptus survival and programs its development and is a facet of dysregulated conceptus–endometrial interactions that result in loss of the conceptus in SF cattle during the implantation period of pregnancy establishment.

scholarly journals Role of lipids on elongation of the preimplantation conceptus in ruminants

Reproduction ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. R115-R126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo S Ribeiro ◽  
José E P Santos ◽  
William W Thatcher
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Trophectoderm Cells ◽  
Conceptus Development ◽  
Elongation Phase

Elongation of the preimplantation conceptus is a prerequisite for successful pregnancy in ruminants and depends on histotroph secretion by the endometrium. Lipids are an essential component of the histotroph, and recent studies indicate that lipids have important roles in the elongation phase of conceptus development. The onset of elongation is marked by dynamic changes in the transcriptome of trophectoderm cells, which are associated with lipid metabolism. During elongation, the trophectoderm increases transcript expression of genes related to uptake, metabolism andde novobiosynthesis of fatty acids and prostaglandins. Expression of the genePPARGincreases substantially, and activation of the transcription factor PPARG by binding of lipid ligands appears to be crucial for the coordination of cell biology during elongation. Lipids accumulated in the epithelial cells of the endometrium during diestrus are likely the most important source of fatty acids for utilization by the conceptus and become available in the uterine lumen through exporting of exosomes, microvesicles, carrier proteins and lipoproteins. Targeting of uterine lipid metabolism and PPARG activity during preimplantation conceptus development through nutraceutical diets may be a good strategy to improve pregnancy survival and reproductive efficiency in ruminants.

scholarly journals Analysis of the expression of polyamine biosynthesis genes in nodules of the garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) and the effect of exogenous treatment with polyamines on their development

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-208
Author(s):  
Kira A. Ivanova ◽  
Viktor E. Tsyganov
Keyword(s):  
Arginine Decarboxylase ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Polyamine Biosynthesis ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Pea Mutants ◽  
Exogenous Treatment

BACKGROUND: Polyamines are acting as signaling molecules during adaptation to stressful environment and as regulators of plant development. In plants, polyamines are represented mainly by putrescine, spermidine and spermine. The concentration of polyamines in symbiotic nodules of some legumes is 510 times higher than in the other organs, which indicates their important role in the formation and functioning of symbiotic nodules. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the expression of genes encoding polyamine biosynthesis enzymes in symbiotic nodules, as well as the effect of exogenous polyamines on the nodule number and the average nodule weight in wild-type SGE plants and symbiotic pea mutants SGEFix-1 (sym40-1) and SGEFix-2 (sym33-3). RESULTS: The comparable expression level of arginine decarboxylase gene (PsADC) was observed in all analyzed nodules, whereas the expression level of ornithine decarboxylase gene (PsODC), was highly increased in nodules of SGEFix-2 (sym33-3) mutant. Treatment of the root system with a 0.1 mM solution of polyamines mixture led to an increase in the average weight of the nodule in wild-type plants and in the SGEFix-2 (sym33-3) mutant plants. CONCLUSIONS: It was shown that the main pathway of putrescine synthesis in wild-type pea symbiotic nodules is the arginine pathway, while the ornithine pathway is probably associated with activation of plant defense reactions. Polyamines acting, apparently, through ethylene, affect the functioning of the nodule meristem.

scholarly journals NtbHLH1, a JAF13-like bHLH, interacts with NtMYB6 to enhance proanthocyanidin accumulation in Chinese Narcissus

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxin Fan ◽  
Jiayu Peng ◽  
Jiacheng Wu ◽  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Ruijie He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Flavonoid Pathway ◽  
Regulation Of Expression ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Regulatory Complex ◽  
Positive Regulators ◽  
R2r3 Myb

Abstract Background Flavonoid biosynthesis in plants is primarily regulated at the transcriptional level by transcription factors modulating the expression of genes encoding enzymes in the flavonoid pathway. One of the most studied transcription factor complexes involved in this regulation consists of a MYB, bHLH and WD40. However, in Chinese Narcissus (Narcissus tazetta L. var. chinensis), a popular monocot bulb flower, the regulatory mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis remains unclear. Results In this work, genes related to the regulatory complex, NtbHLH1 and a R2R3-MYB NtMYB6, were cloned from Chinese Narcissus. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that NtbHLH1 belongs to the JAF13 clade of bHLH IIIf subgroup, while NtMYB6 was highly homologous to positive regulators of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis. Both NtbHLH1 and NtMYB6 have highest expression levels in basal plates of Narcissus, where there is an accumulation of proanthocyanidin. Ectopic over expression of NtbHLH1 in tobacco resulted in an increase in anthocyanin accumulation in flowers, and an up-regulation of expression of the endogenous tobacco bHLH AN1 and flavonoid biosynthesis genes. In contrast, the expression level of LAR gene was significantly increased in NtMYB6-transgenic tobacco. Dual luciferase assays showed that co-infiltration of NtbHLH1 and NtMYB6 significantly activated the promoter of Chinese Narcissus DFR gene. Furthermore, a yeast two-hybrid assay confirmed that NtbHLH1 interacts with NtMYB6. Conclusions Our results suggest that NtbHLH1 may function as a regulatory partner by interacting directly with NtMYB6 to enhance proanthocyanidin accumulation in Chinese Narcissus.

scholarly journals The Assessment of IL-21 and IL-22 at the mRNA Level in Tumor Tissue and Protein Concentration in Serum and Peritoneal Fluid in Patients with Ovarian Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3058
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Mielczarek-Palacz ◽  
Celina Kruszniewska-Rajs ◽  
Marta Smycz-Kubańska ◽  
Jarosław Strzelczyk ◽  
Wojciech Szanecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ovarian Serous Cancer

The aim of the analysis was for the first time to assess the expression of genes encoding IL-21 and IL-22 at the mRNA level in ovarian tumor specimens and the concentration of these parameters in serum and peritoneal fluid in patients with ovarian serous cancer. The levels of IL-21 and IL-22 transcripts were evaluated with the use of the real-time RT-qPCR. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the concentration of proteins. Quantitative analysis of IL-21 gene mRNA in the tumor tissue showed the highest activity in the G1 degree of histopathological differentiation and was higher in G1 compared to the control group. The concentration of IL-21 and IL-22 in the serum and in the peritoneal fluid of women with ovarian cancer varied depending on the degree of histopathological differentiation of the cancer and showed statistical variability compared to controls. The conducted studies have shown that the local and systemic changes in the immune system involving IL-21 and IL-22 indicate the participation of these parameters in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer, and modulation in the IL-21/IL-22 system may prove useful in the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies used in patients, which require further research.

scholarly journals In vivo transcriptome analysis provides insights into host-dependent expression of virulence factors by Yersinia entomophaga MH96, during infection of Galleria mellonella

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber R Paulson ◽  
Maureen O’Callaghan ◽  
Xue-Xian Zhang ◽  
Paul B Rainey ◽  
Mark R H Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Insecticidal Toxin ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Cell Densities

Abstract The function of microbes can be inferred from knowledge of genes specifically expressed in natural environments. Here, we report the in vivo transcriptome of the entomopathogenic bacterium Yersinia entomophaga MH96, captured during initial, septicemic, and pre-cadaveric stages of intrahemocoelic infection in Galleria mellonella. A total of 1285 genes were significantly upregulated by MH96 during infection; 829 genes responded to in vivo conditions during at least one stage of infection, 289 responded during two stages of infection, and 167 transcripts responded throughout all three stages of infection compared to in vitro conditions at equivalent cell densities. Genes upregulated during the earliest infection stage included components of the insecticidal toxin complex Yen-TC (chi1, chi2, and yenC1), genes for rearrangement hotspot element containing protein yenC3, cytolethal distending toxin cdtAB, and vegetative insecticidal toxin vip2. Genes more highly expressed throughout the infection cycle included the putative heat-stable enterotoxin yenT and three adhesins (usher-chaperone fimbria, filamentous hemagglutinin, and an AidA-like secreted adhesin). Clustering and functional enrichment of gene expression data also revealed expression of genes encoding type III and VI secretion system-associated effectors. Together these data provide insight into the pathobiology of MH96 and serve as an important resource supporting efforts to identify novel insecticidal agents.

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