scholarly journals A CASE OF Q FEVER IN NON-ENDEMIC AREAS

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
A. A. Nafeev ◽  
V. V. Bezik
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Definite Diagnosis ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Acute Case ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Endemic Areas

Coxiellosis (Q-fever) is a systemic natural focal zooanthroponosis disease, which has a very wide geographical area. A variety of clinical manifestations and the absence of pathognomonic signs of illness forces to use for making a definite diagnosis complex of techniques including epizootological, epidemiological data, clinical manifestations, and certainly the results of several serological tests designed to detect antibodies to Coxiella burnetii. There is presented a description of an acute case of Q - fever in a child in the subject, characterized as trouble-free of Coxiellosis from 70-ies of the last century.

scholarly journals Development of High-Throughput Multiplex Serology to Detect Serum Antibodies against Coxiella burnetii

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2373
Author(s):  
Rima Jeske ◽  
Larissa Dangel ◽  
Leander Sauerbrey ◽  
Dimitrios Frangoulidis ◽  
Lauren R. Teras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Multiplex Serology

The causative agent of Q fever, the bacterium Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii), has gained increasing interest due to outbreak events and reports about it being a potential risk factor for the development of lymphomas. In order to conduct large-scale studies for population monitoring and to investigate possible associations more closely, accurate and cost-effective high-throughput assays are highly desired. To address this need, nine C. burnetii proteins were expressed as recombinant antigens for multiplex serology. This technique enables the quantitative high-throughput detection of antibodies to multiple antigens simultaneously in a single reaction. Based on a reference group of 76 seropositive and 91 seronegative sera, three antigens were able to detect C. burnetii infections. Com1, GroEL, and DnaK achieved specificities of 93%, 69%, and 77% and sensitivities of 64%, 72%, and 47%, respectively. Double positivity to Com1 and GroEL led to a combined specificity of 90% and a sensitivity of 71%. In a subgroup of seropositives with an increased risk for chronic Q fever, the double positivity to these markers reached a specificity of 90% and a sensitivity of 86%. Multiplex serology enables the detection of antibodies against C. burnetii and appears well-suited to investigate associations between C. burnetii infections and the clinical manifestations in large-scale studies.

scholarly journals Whole Blood Interferon γ Release Is a More Sensitive Marker of Prior Exposure to Coxiella burnetii Than Are Antibody Responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Scholzen ◽  
Margot de Vries ◽  
Hans-Peter Duerr ◽  
Hendrik-Jan Roest ◽  
Ann E. Sluder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Past Exposure ◽  
Release Assay

For the zoonotic disease Q fever, serological analysis plays a dominant role in the diagnosis of Coxiella burnetii infection and in pre-screening for past exposure prior to vaccination. A number of studies suggest that assessment of C. burnetii-specific T-cell IFNγ responses may be a more sensitive tool to assess past exposure. In this study, we assessed the performance of a whole blood C. burnetii IFNγ release assay in comparison to serological detection in an area of high Q fever incidence in 2014, up to seven years after initial exposure during the Dutch Q fever outbreak 2007-2010. In a cohort of >1500 individuals from the Dutch outbreak village of Herpen, approximately 60% had mounted IFNγ responses to C. burnetii. This proportion was independent of the Coxiella strain used for stimulation and much higher than the proportion of individuals scored sero-positive using the serological gold standard immunofluorescence assay. Moreover, C. burnetii-specific IFNγ responses were found to be more durable than antibody responses in two sub-groups of individuals known to have sero-converted as of 2007 or previously reported to the municipality as notified Q fever cases. A novel ready-to-use version of the IFNγ release assay assessed in a subgroup of pre-exposed individuals in 2021 (10-14 years post exposure) proved again to be more sensitive than serology in detecting past exposure. These data demonstrate that C. burnetii-induced IFNγ release is indeed a more sensitive and durable marker of exposure to C. burnetii than are serological responses. In combination with a simplified assay version suitable for implementation in routine diagnostic settings, this makes the assessment of IFNγ responses a valuable tool for exposure screening to obtain epidemiological data, and to identify previously exposed individuals in pre-vaccination screens.

scholarly journals INFECTIOUS ENDOCARDITIS WITH COXIELLA BURNETII

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 190-193
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cardiac Decompensation ◽  
Unpasteurized Milk ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Q fever is caused by an anthropozoonosis determined by the pathogen Coxiella burnetii, a gram-negative bacterium with intracellular growth. The occurrence of infection in the human species takes place through inhalation of contaminated aerosols or dust from infected domestic animals (cattle, sheep, goats) and more rarely through ingestion of unpasteurized milk, infected mite or inter-human transmission. The endocardium is one of the main infection sites, especially in the context of the long-term development of the disease, and cardiac decompensation often leads to death in absence of a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment (1).We present the case of a patient of the male sex aged 37 years without personal pathologic history known admitted in “St. Parascheva” Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases Iasi complaining of productive cough, fatigue, shortness of breath with moderate effort and pain in the left scapulohumeral joint with irradiation in the left upper limb. Clinical examination objectified digital clubbing, systolic/diastolic murmurs throughout the precordium area and hepato-splenomegaly, while laboratory tests revealed the presence of inflammatory syndrome, cholestasis and hepatic cytolysis. Echocardiography shows a hyperechogenic entity at the level of the aortic valve, as well as a severe valve disorder. The diagnosis of infective endocarditis is established on aortic valve and therapy with first-choice antibiotics, consisting of triple combination of cefotaxime, amikacin and vancomycin, is initiated. Blood cultures taken upon admission were negative, while positive serological phase I and II tests for C. burnetii urged the indication of changing therapy with doxycycline and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (in the absence of hydroxychloroquine). Subsequently he underwent aortic valve replacement. The particularities of this case consisted in atypical clinical manifestations, the absence of fever and epidemiological context suggestive for Q fever.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Coxiella Burnetii in Dairy Herds - Diagnostic Methods and Risk to Humans - A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Szymańska-Czerwińska ◽  
Krzysztof Niemczuk ◽  
Agata Mitura
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Infection Dynamics

Abstract Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii. The main source of infection are ruminants (cattle, sheep, and goats). C. burnetii is excreted via birth products, vaginal mucus, milk, and faeces. Raw milk is considered useful for epidemiological examinations of animals and evaluation of infection dynamics at the herd level. This article summarises data on prevalence studies on C. burnetii in bulk-tank milk in different European countries with the means of serological tests and PCR. It also summarises the results of studies to evaluate the actual risk of disease transmission to humans through consumption of raw milk. Moreover, the available diagnostic tools for detection C. burnetii infection are presented.

scholarly journals Monitoring of the Epidemic Situation with Q Fever in the Regions of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olha Zarichna
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Serological Studies ◽  
Endemic Areas

ObjectiveTo investigate Q fever pathogen distribution among ixodic ticks, myomorphic rodents, febrile patients, residents of enzootic areas with Q fever and persons in contact with Q fever, specifically infected persons in the Southern and Western regions of Ukraine.IntroductionImprovement of the Q fever epizootic and epidemiological surveillance system remains an urgent veterinary service and healthcare problem in Ukraine. The grounds for this should be laid by the results of monitoring studies of persons with a professional infection risk (livestock farms, animal processing enterprises, veterinary specialists, etc.) and living in enzootic territories , as well as research of Q fever pathogen possible sources reservoirs.MethodsReal-time PCR - detection of specific DNA segments of Coxiella burnetii with application of commercial reagent kits. Immunofluorescence microscopy - detection of antigens/antibodies of studied rickettsia in biological substrates using luminescent immune sera labeled with fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate. Epidemiological methods - analysis of infectious diseases foci epidemiological maps. Statistical methods - data analysis using such software as Excel and Quantum GIS (1.6.0).ResultsPrimarily, Q fever endemic areas are formed because of the circulation of Coxiella burnetii in warm-blooded animal populations and their blood-sucking ectoparasites, which are the main source of the infection in humans. Based on the aggregated data received from multi-year research projects in Ukraine, Q fever enzootic territories were found in 18 administrative regions, Crimea and the city of Sevastopol. Currently we know of 257 areas where the pathogen was detected. The epidemic process in these territories is manifested by sporadic human diseases and the detection of the pathogen in natural carriers. The possibility of the natural foci epidemic potential increase in these territories is confirmed by the higher titers of Q fever pathogen specific antibodies detected in the local population.The results of the research of the infected material that was collected in Southern Ukraine during 2014-2016, showed the preservation of the Q fever causative agent in natural foci both in Danube-Dniester interfluve area of Odesa region and in Trans-Dnistrer areas, and its significantly less prevalent in the area adjacent to Odessa. In addition, the signs of natural foci formation have been revealed in other areas, which is indicative of current epidemic activity of natural foci of the infection. The results of serological studies and clinical and epidemiological surveys indicate that in the immunological structure of the population of the Danube-Dniester interfluve areas of Odessa region, Q fever is most common in rural population of working age, especially those constantly contact with farm animals. In the Ivano-Frankivsk region, serological studies in 2014 -2016, detected no Q fever seropositive people, indicating the pathogen being in the reserve stage, which corresponds to the inter-epidemic period. At the same time, the detection of C. burnetii in ticks in the enzootic territories indicates the possibility of the pre-epidemic process being formed.Since by pathogen range and transmission mechanisms Q fever in Ukraine is associated with many natural-focal zoonotic infections, it is advisable to monitor endemic areas using a modern observation algorithm using the introduction of geoinformation systems and the molecular genetic characteristics of circulating strains. This will increase the effectiveness of the detection of current natural and anthropurgic foci of such infections, will contribute to their detailed characterization and systematization, improve epidemiological surveillance and prevent the emergence of epidemic outbreaks among the population. The results of the research will contribute to the improvement of differential diagnosis of febrile states with an unclear etiologic agent.ConclusionsThe results of the Q fever pathogen detection in the material collected in Southern and Western regions of Ukraine showed that the area of prevalence of this agent has been expanded to the areas and settlements that are not included in the list of enzootic territories. Involvement in the ecological cycles of ixodic ticks and mouse-like rodents was observed. The presence of polyvectoral and polyhostal natural foci of this infection was found. The circulation of the causative agent of Q fever in the territories of Odesa and Ivano-Frankivsk regions where epidemic outbreaks and sporadic disease in people were also observed.References1. Surveillance Atlas of Infectious Diseases // http://atlas.ecdc.europa.eu/public/index.aspx.2. UCDCM Information Sheet as of 07/21/2010 No. 04.4-31/40/868 On Epidemic and Epizootic Situation with Zoonotic Infections Common for Humans and Animals and Methods of their Prevention in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Research Trends and Hotspots of Q Fever Research: A Bibliometric Analysis 1990-2019

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Aman Ullah Khan ◽  
Hosny El-Adawy ◽  
Katja Mertens-Scholz ◽  
Iahtasham Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Research Collaborations ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Essential Resource

Q fever is a worldwide distributed zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, a Gram-negative bacterium. Despite existence of large amount of research data on the developments related to Q fever, no bibliometric analysis of this subject is available to our knowledge. Bibliometric studies are an essential resource to track scholarly trends and research output in a subject. This study is aimed at reporting a bibliometric analysis of publications related to Q fever (2,840 articles published in the period 1990-2019) retrieved from Science Citation Index Expanded, an online database of Clarivate Analytics Web of Science Core Collection. Data was retrieved using keywords “Q fever” or “Coxiella burnetii” in title, abstract, and author keywords to describe important research indicators such as the kind and language of articles, the most important publications, research journals and categories, authors, institutions, and the countries having the most significant contribution to this subject. Finally, the emerging areas in field of diagnosis, host range, and clinical presentation were identified. Word cluster analysis of research related to Q fever revealed that major focus of research has been on zoonosis, seroprevalence, laboratory diagnosis (mainly using ELISA and PCR), clinical manifestations (abortion and endocarditis), vectors (ticks), and hosts (sheep, goat, and cattle). This bibliometric study is intended to visualize the existing research landscape and future trends in Q fever to assist in future knowledge exchange and research collaborations.

scholarly journals Coxiella burnetii and Q fever - a review

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Emerging Infectious Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Q fever is an emerging infectious disease in Europe. Q fever is a zoonosis and infected animals are the main source of infection. Ticks may act as a vector and transmit the pathogen to animals and humans. Q fever has non-specific symptoms and is difficult to diagnose. Results of serological tests are positive many days after manifestation of symptoms. PCR method might be useful in the diagnostic process.

scholarly journals «QUERY FEVER»: DOWN THE LINE EIGHTY YEARS

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 200-207
Author(s):  
Valery A. Malov ◽  
A. N Gorobchenko ◽  
N. M Gyulazyan ◽  
E. A Nemilostiva ◽  
N. N Kanshina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Pathogenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Modern Information ◽  
Chronic Course ◽  
Protective Systems

The review article coniders modern information on etiology, epidemiology of Q-fever, pathogenetic mechanisms promoting Coxiella burnetii bacteria to wear down the protective systems of the macroorganism and contribute to the development of the chronic course of the disease. Clinical manifestations of Q-fever in acute and chronic forms are considered in detail, problems of early diagnosis and treatment tactics are discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Commonly Used Serological Tests for Detection of Coxiella burnetii Antibodies in Well-Defined Acute and Follow-Up Sera

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1110-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. A. Wegdam-Blans ◽  
C. C. H. Wielders ◽  
J. Meekelenkamp ◽  
J. M. Korbeeck ◽  
T. Herremans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Ii ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Acute Q Fever

ABSTRACTIn this study, we comparedCoxiella burnetiiIgG phase I, IgG phase II, and IgM phase II detection among a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Virion/Serion), an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) (Focus Diagnostics), and a complement fixation test (CFT) (Virion/Serion). For this, we used a unique collection of acute- and convalescent-phase sera from 126 patients with acute Q fever diagnosed by positiveCoxiella burnetiiPCR of blood. We were able to establish a reliable date of onset of disease, since DNA is detectable within 2 weeks after the start of symptoms. In acute samples, att= 0, IFAT demonstrated IgM phase II antibodies in significantly more sera than did ELISA (31.8% versus 19.7%), although the portion of solitary IgM phase II was equal for IFAT and for ELISA (18.2% and 16.7%, respectively). Twelve months after the diagnosis of acute Q fever, 83.5% and 62.2% of the sera were still positive for IgM phase II with IFAT and ELISA, respectively. At 12 months IFAT IgG phase II showed the slowest decline. Therefore, definitive serological evidence of acute Q fever cannot be based on a single serum sample in areas of epidemicity and should involve measurement of both IgM and IgG antibodies in paired serum. Based on IgG phase II antibody detection in paired samples (at 0 and 3 months) from 62 patients, IFAT confirmed more cases than ELISA and CFT, but the differences were not statically significant (100% for IFAT, 95.2% for ELISA, and 96.8% for CFT). This study demonstrated that the three serological tests are equally effective in diagnosing acute Q fever within 3 months of start of symptoms. In follow-up sera, more IgG antibodies were detected by IFAT than by ELISA or CFT, making IFAT more suitable for prevaccination screening programs.

Etiology and clinical features of epididymo-orchitis: A single-center study in Tehran, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Abolghasemi ◽  
Mohammad Alizadeh ◽  
Ali Hashemi ◽  
Shabnam Tehrani
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Urinary Frequency ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Epididymo-orchitis is a common urological disease among men. Little is known about the clinical and epidemiological aspects of the disease in Iran. Thus, the present study was aimed to investigate the etiology, clinical sequelae and risk factors of patients with epididymo-orchitis in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: Patients presenting with epididymo-orchitis were prospectively analyzed in order to study the etiology and pattern of the disease. Bacteriological, molecular and serological tests were undertaken to look for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Brucella spp., Mycoplasma spp, and other bacteria. Results: Fifty patients with epididymo-orchitis were evaluated according to their clinical symptoms, duration of symptoms, physical examination, and laboratory studies. The mean age of the patients was 53 years. Fever, dysuria, pain in the flanks, urinary frequency and discharges occurred in 58.0%, 50.0%, 50.0%, 28.0% and 6.0%, respectively. Bacterial pathogen was identified in 26% (13/50) of patients by urine culture. Escherichia coli was the etiological agent in 11/13 patients (84.6%). Two out of 50 patients (4.0%) were also positive for Chlamydia trachomatis. Two samples were serologically positive for Brucella spp. High Mean age, fever, urinary frequency, history of the underlying disease and history of urinary tract infections were found to have a significant association with the positive bacteriologic urine culture (P<0.05). Conclusions: The most common clinical manifestations were fever, dysuria, and abdominal pain. E. coli and C. trachomatis were the major causative agents. Use of a set of diagnostic approaches including clinical symptoms, urine culture and more precise techniques such as PCR should be taken into consideration for the definitive diagnosis.

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