Rational management of the third period of labour

1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-61
Author(s):  
Z. N. Yakubova ◽  
F. A. Miftakhova ◽  
L. F. Shilova ◽  
R. S. Baryshkina ◽  
N. A. Shamova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
Important Task ◽  
Uterine Atony ◽  
Uterine Contractility ◽  
The Third ◽  
Uterine Muscle ◽  
Single Term ◽  
Rational Management

Reducing maternal mortality from haemorrhage is still the most important task of modern obstetric care. When it comes to the prevention of haemorrhage, a single term 'atonic haemorrhage' is appropriate. The etiology of uterine atony is not well understood, but it is known to be based on disorders of uterine contractility, hormonal imbalances or uterine muscle wasting.

Authority and Delegation in the Chamber of Deputies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy K. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Electoral Competition ◽  
Important Task ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Third ◽  
Single Term ◽  
Legislative Delegation ◽  
Party Dominance ◽  
Relations Of Power ◽  
Chamber Of Deputies

Bstudy The purpose of this chapter is to understand the third and last important task of parties: managing their legislative delegation. During the years of one-party dominance, the Mexican legislature was famously weak compared to the executive because the president ruled over a hegemonic party that suffered little electoral competition and deputies who were limited to a single term. This changed dramatically when the PAN won the presidency, but was not able to capture a majority in either house of Congress. The work of unifying the PRI’s congressional delegation fell to its national officers and Chamber leaders, who placated the party’s governors and whipped the PRI’s legislators to vote together. To better understand the relations of power and delegation within the PRI’s legislative caucus, the chapter uniquely measures and compares the political and professional backgrounds of those PRI deputies who became or did not become committee chairs across the two periods.

TEISMINIŲ DOKUMENTŲ ĮVARDIJIMAI TREČIAJAME LIETUVOS STATUTE IR JŲ RAIDOS BRUOŽAI

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018/2 ◽  
pp. 31-53
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Open Letter ◽  
Power Of Attorney ◽  
The Third ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Single Term ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Judicial Procedures ◽  
Early 18Th Century

DESIGNATION OF JUDICIAL DOCUMENTS IN THE THIRD STATUTE OF LITHUANIA AND THE ATTRIBUTES OF THEIR EVOLUTION ADAM STANKEVIČ The author of the article analyses the designation of documents drawn up and issued by the court, their conception, field of application, and place in the court procedure as presented in the Third Statute of Lithuania (TSL). In addition, an attempt is made to exhibit the changes that such documents and their designations underwent in later centuries (until the end of the 18th c.) by means of the example of the Lithuanian Tribunal. The research revealed that documents which in the sources from different periods were referred to by the same name meant different things or were simultaneously attributed several meanings. In the 17th-18th century, only part of the terms featured in the Third Statute of Lithuania were used in the judicial practice of the Lithuanian Tribunal, and with time some of them were replaced with other terms. Several terms denoting summonses (pozew, mandat, zakaz) can be identified in the TSL, and all of them were in use until the very end of the 18th century. However, a single term – dekret / decretum – was used to designate the judgement (actually, for some time there was a differentiation between the court judgement and its procedural summary, but later the generalized term for the judgement prevailed). A number of documents in the TSL are referred to as the “open letter”, however, later some of them acquired specialised names (e.g. the power of attorney). With time, there were certain changes in the context in which some of the terms were used (e.g. the term “cedule” which in the 18th century was already consistently used exceptionally in a particular situation, namely when a litigant refused to obey the order of the court and informed in writing a judicial officer of such refusal) or the terms themselves underwent certain changes (in the 18th century the term membran was substituted with the term blankiet). Part of the judicial documents mentioned in the TSL disappeared in the long run or there was a certain decrease in their significance (this is true of the reminder and adjournment documents as well as glejt (protection letter)). The examples above suggest that the Lithuanian Tribunal would sometimes issue reminders and guarantee documents, though legal acts did not explicitly provide for that. The TSL offered a number of terms hardly related with the investigation of a case, therefore in the early 18th century, with the improvement of judicial procedures, they underwent rapid changes. The procedure of the implementation of a court ruling, which underwent significant changes, is accountable for the introduction of new terms, for example, with time several terms pertaining to the notification of the litigants were used simultaneously (obwieszczenie, innotescencyja, list tradycyjny). Most probably due to the unification processes observed in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 18th century, a number of Latin origin terms were introduced in the judicial practice of the GDL, e.g. cytacyja, decyzyja, innotestencyja, plenipotencyja, obdukcyja, wizyja, inkwizycyja, weryfikacyja, kalkulacyja, tradycyja (all of them had been used in Poland but were not featured in the TSL).

Etiology and therapy of uterine atony. Haselhorst (D. m. Woch. 1926, No. 18)

1926 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1393-1393
Author(s):  
A. Timofeev
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Uterine Atony ◽  
Multiple Gestation ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Uterine Muscle ◽  
Uterine Malformations ◽  
Uterine Diseases

The author classifies the causes of this anomaly as follows: constitutional anomalies, uterine malformations, uterine diseases, innervation disorders, disorders of a certain group of endocrine glands, and further, causes based on pregnancy, such as uterine muscle distension in multiple pregnancy, in multiple gestation or with a too abundant fetus.

Problems Of Metabolic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (06) ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
Maksuda Ahmedjanovna Karimova ◽  
◽  
Dilnoza Kakhramanovna Kurbanbaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Syndrome X ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
The Third ◽  
Calorie Content ◽  
Single Term ◽  
Life Threatening

At the beginning of the third millennium, for mankind, which overcame the epidemic of life-threatening infections during its centuries-old history, the problem of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) came to the fore in relevance among all causes of morbidity and mortality. A significant role in this was played by lifestyle modification associated with limiting physical activity, increasing the calorie content of food, and a steady increase in emotional stress. All of this potentiates the main risk factors for CVD, which are a “negative asset of progress,” namely increased blood pressure (BP), dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity. Since 1988, after G. Reaven's Banting lecture, it is customary to designate the interconnected combination of these pathologies by the single term "metabolic syndrome X".

scholarly journals Universal Maternal Rights: A Matter of Life and Death

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
The World ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Multiple Obstacles ◽  
Maternal Rights

Childbirth has been a part of our lives since the beginning of time. Without the process none of us would be alive today. So why is it that maternal mortality remains one of the greatest inequities in the world? To date, approximately 500, 000 women die annually due to the lack of appropriate prenatal and obstetric care. Difficulties arising with childbirth cannot be predicted. However, the way in which we react to a situation can have a lasting, positive effect on the countries and the women who are at risk. The ways in which to help reduce the large number of maternal deaths in developing countries is not complicated and can be achieved if it is made a priority. In conclusion, there are multiple obstacles in regard to succeeding the highest achievable standard of health globally.  With the education of evolving scientific methods, and the collaboration of humanitarian views, the welfare and health of women and their children, can be internationally restored. With the education of evolving scientific methods, and the collaboration of humanitarian views, the welfare and health of women and their children, can be internationally restored.

scholarly journals MATERNAL MORTALITY

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
TASNIM TAHIRA REHMAN ◽  
MAHNAZ ROOHI
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Maternal Death ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Emergency Obstetric Care ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
Care Level ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Study Setting ◽  
Very High

Objective: To find out maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and to determine major causes of maternal death. S t u d y d e s i g n:A descriptive study. Setting: Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. S t u d y period: From 01.01.2008 to31.12.2008. Materials a n d m e t h o d s : All cases of maternal death during this study periods were included except accidental deaths. Results:There were 58 maternal deaths during this period. Total No. of live births were 5975. MMR was 58/5975 x 100,000 = 970/100,000 live births.The most common cause of maternal death was hemorrhage (34.5%) followed by hypertensive disorders/eclampsia (31%). Most of thepatients (75.86%) were referred from primary & secondary care level. C o n c l u s i o n : Maternal mortality is still very high in underdevelopedcountries including Pakistan. We must enhance emergency obstetric care (EOC) to achieve the goal of reduction in MMR.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of training in emergency obstetric care: a systematic literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A Ameh ◽  
Mselenge Mdegela ◽  
Sarah White ◽  
Nynke van den Broek
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Emergency Obstetric Care ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Effectiveness Of Training ◽  
Four Levels

Abstract Providing quality emergency obstetric care (EmOC) reduces the risk of maternal and newborn mortality and morbidity. There is evidence that over 50% of maternal health programmes that result in improving access to EmOC and reduce maternal mortality have an EmOC training component. The objective was to review the evidence for the effectiveness of training in EmOC. Eleven databases and websites were searched for publications describing EmOC training evaluations between 1997 and 2017. Effectiveness was assessed at four levels: (1) participant reaction, (2) knowledge and skills, (3) change in behaviour and clinical practice and (4) availability of EmOC and health outcomes. Weighted means for change in knowledge and skills obtained, narrative synthesis of results for other levels. One hundred and one studies including before–after studies (n = 44) and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (n = 15). Level 1 and/or 2 was assessed in 68 studies; Level 3 in 51, Level 4 in 21 studies. Only three studies assessed effectiveness at all four levels. Weighted mean scores pre-training, and change after training were 67.0% and 10.6% for knowledge (7750 participants) and 53.1% and 29.8% for skills (6054 participants; 13 studies). There is strong evidence for improved clinical practice (adherence to protocols, resuscitation technique, communication and team work) and improved neonatal outcomes (reduced trauma after shoulder dystocia, reduced number of babies with hypothermia and hypoxia). Evidence for a reduction in the number of cases of post-partum haemorrhage, case fatality rates, stillbirths and institutional maternal mortality is less strong. Short competency-based training in EmOC results in significant improvements in healthcare provider knowledge/skills and change in clinical practice. There is emerging evidence that this results in improved health outcomes.

scholarly journals In Vitro Effects of Propofol on Gravid Human Myometrium

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 802-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Thind ◽  
R. J. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Isometric Tension ◽  
Human Myometrium ◽  
Organ Bath ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Uterine Contractility ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Lower Segment Caesarean Section ◽  
Uterine Muscle ◽  
In Vitro Effects

The aim of this study was to evaluate the direct effect of propofol (di-isopropyl phenol) on the contractile properties of gravid human uterine muscle. Six specimens of uterine muscle were obtained from term parturients undergoing elective lower segment caesarean section. Small strips (1 × 2 x 12 mm) of muscle were prepared and suspended in an organ bath containing oxygenated Kreb's solution at 36.5°C. Following preparation, spontaneous regular contractions developed at a rate of one contraction every six to 10 minutes. Force of contraction was recorded continuously using an isometric tension transducer. Following baseline measurements, propofol was introduced into the bath at concentrations corresponding to 2 /μg/ml, 5 /μg/ml and 8 /μg/ml. The specimens were also exposed to intralipid in concentrations equivalent to that found in the 8 μ/ml solution of propofol to determine whether this additive influenced uterine contractility. Contractility (defined as area under the tension/time curve) was decreased to 89 ± 6.5% of control at 2 μg/ml 53±4.3% at 5 μ/ml and 45 ± 4.1% at 8 μg/ml. This decrease in contractility was statistically significant at concentrations >2 μg/ml. Intralipid did not significantly affect uterine contractility. The results of this study show that propofol decreases isolated human uterine muscle contractility in a dose-dependent manner.

scholarly journals Maternal Deaths due to Obstetric Haemorrhage in Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital, Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mzee M. Nassoro ◽  
Enid Chiwanga ◽  
Athanase Lilungulu ◽  
Deogratius Bintabara
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Emergency Obstetric Care ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
Uterine Atony ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Regional Referral Hospital ◽  
Obstetric Haemorrhage ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Late Referral

Background. Despite the availability of comprehensive emergency obstetric care at Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital, deaths due to obstetric haemorrhage are still high. This study was carried out to analyse the circumstances that had caused these deaths. Methods. A retrospective review of all files of women who had died of obstetric haemorrhage from January 2018 to December 2019 was made. Results. A total of 18,296 women gave birth at DRRH; out of these, 61 died of pregnancy-related complications of the deceased while 23 (38%) died of haemorrhage, with many of them 10 (44%) between the age of 30 and 34. Many were grand multiparous women 8 (35%) and almost half of them (11 (48%)) had stayed at DRRH for less than 24 hours. More than half (12 (52%)) had delivered by caesarean section followed by laparotomy due to ruptured uterus (8 (35%)). The leading contributing factors to the deaths of these women were late referral (6 (26%)), delays in managing postpartum haemorrhage due to uterine atony (4 (17%)), inadequate preparations in patients with the possibility of developing PPH (4 (17%)), and delay in performing caesarean section (3 (13%)). Conclusion. Maternal mortality due to obstetric haemorrhage is high at Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital where more than one-third of women died between 2018 and 2019. Almost all of these deaths were avoidable. The leading contributing factors were late referral from other health facilities, inadequate skills in managing PPH due to uterine atony, delays in performing caesarean section at DRRH, and inadequate preparation for managing PPH in patients with abruptio placentae and IUFD which are risk factors for the condition. There is a need of conducting supportive supervision, mentorship, and other modes of teaching programmes on the management of obstetric haemorrhage to health care workers of referring facilities as well as those at DRRH. Monitoring of labour by using partograph and identifying pregnant women at risk should also be emphasized in order to avoid uterine rupture.

scholarly journals Uterine Contractility in the Third Stage of Labour [Abstract]

1952 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 540-540
Author(s):  
H. Alvarez ◽  
R. Caldeyro-Barcia
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Contractility ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage
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