Children death rate as a result of external causes

1999 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 456-458
Author(s):  
F. R. Umyarova
Keyword(s):  
Death Rate ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Unnatural Death ◽  
The Social ◽  
External Causes ◽  
Transport Accidents

The social and hygienic aspects of the reath rate of children and teenagers as a result of accidents, traumas and intoxication are studied. Higher level of the death rate of children living in rural regions, especially of males is revealed. The basic cause of unfavourable incomes in unnatural death in children aged up to one was asphyxia as a result of aspiration of food and vomiting, older than one were drowning and road-transport accidents, from 10 to 14 suicides, from 15 to 17 suicides and road-transport accidents. The coordinated and interdisciplinary measures are necessary to solve the problem connected with accidents and injuries in children.

Is There a Regional Subculture of Firearm Violence in Canada?

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lester ◽  
Antoon A Leenaars
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Accidental Death ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Firearm Violence ◽  
The Social

A study in Canada of the accidental death rate from firearms, and of suicide and homicide rates by firearms and by all other methods, for the period 1975–85, indicated that the rates were positively associated with one another. The results were interpreted using a subcultural theory of violence, and the social policy implications of the results were discussed.

scholarly journals New Death Investigation System in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Gi Yeong Huh
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Unnatural Death ◽  
The Social ◽  
Personal Dignity ◽  
New Type ◽  
Death Investigation ◽  
Bereaved Family ◽  
Medical Examiners

Since after World War II, the death investigation system in Japan has been a dual system; with or without medical examiners. In areas without medical examiners, death investigation focused on unnatural death suspiciously involved with crime and depended on external postmortem examination for noncriminal cases. As a result, the forensic autopsy rate has been low, and several cases of missed homicide have been discovered. The social impact of the missed homicide of a young sumo player has encouraged the reformation of the death investigation system in Japan. “The Act on the Investigating of Cause of Death and on Identification of Bodies Handled by the Police” and the “Basic Act on Promotion of Death Investigation” were launched in 2013 and 2020, respectively. For noncriminal cases, a new type of autopsy becomes available without the consent of the bereaved family. Moreover, the concept and purpose of death investigation are not only to detect crime involvement, but also to extend respect for life and maintain personal dignity. The responsibility of the central government on death investigation service is stressed, including the establishment of a headquarters in the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. This review aims to understand the background and major changes of the reform of the death investigation system in Japan and discuss the issues affecting forensic pathologists.

scholarly journals Profile of unnatural mortality at tertiary hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 (s2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustika Chasanatusy Syarifah ◽  
Diyan Wahyu Kurniasari
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Unnatural Death ◽  
External Causes

Introduction: Unnatural deaths are deaths that can be prevented, the frequency of which reflects the quality of public health services. Unnatural deaths occur due to external causes such as suicide, homicide, and accidents. This study aims to analyze the profile of cases of unnatural death at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.

scholarly journals DiTenun, Smart Application Producing Ulos Motif

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 01025
Author(s):  
Arlinta C. Barus ◽  
Marianna Simanjuntak ◽  
Verawati Situmorang
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Digital World ◽  
The Social ◽  
Machine Learning Approach

Indonesia is a country which is rich of various traditional cultures and values. One of its representation is traditional woven clothes (well known in Indonesian as kain tenun) which is wide spread throughout Indonesian regions. To support the traditional woven industry, as a relevancy to the industry 4.0 era, we develop DiTenun which is a multiplatform application that is able to produce new motifs of traditional woven intelligently using machine learning approach. The presence of the apps aims to support the growth of traditional weaving industry particularly the small and medium scale ones. The dissemination of the apps is very challenging as traditional woven centers are mostly located in rural area where the digital world has been rarely accessed. In this paper, we present “Ulos” as a case study in the utilization of DiTenun. The implementation of the sustainability of the Ulos industry by DiTenun needs to be adjusted to the development of the industrial era 4.0. Ulos is a traditional woven cloth from Batak tribe, which is located in several rural regions surrounding Toba highland in North Sumatera Utara province. The workflow for producing an item that is marketable is to produce woven fabrics with motifs that have been produced by smart devices. The results of DiTenun can have an impact on the technology produced and on the social life and culture of the weavers. The study shows how DiTenun is designed to support Ulos weavers in creating new motifs of Ulos and to support the economy of relevant small and medium scale industry of Ulos.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of Road Transport Change on the Security of the Urban Social Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12630
Author(s):  
Rolandas Vitkūnas ◽  
Renata Činčikaitė ◽  
Ieva Meidute-Kavaliauskiene
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

In the context of accelerating urbanisation, cities must ensure a viable economy, social well-being, and a healthy environment. Transport is one of the key conditions for economic development and meeting the needs of countries, regions, and cities. However, transport must meet not only the physiological but also the social needs of society, one of which is environmental security. Urban transport accounts for around 40% of CO2 emissions and 70% of other pollutants from road transport. Thus, one of the most difficult issues for any city to address when building bypasses is the growing number of cars in the city, traffic congestion, and the reduction of all greenhouse gas emissions. The documents adopted in July 2020 aim to revitalise the EU’s economy by moving towards a green economy and sustainability. In addition to the systematic and comparative analysis of concepts published in the scientific literature, the article also presents an analysis of the concepts of the sustainable city and sustainable transport, as well as a study of the social impact of bypasses and the assessment of the security of the social environment in the Baltic capitals. The aim of the article is to assess the impact of the growing number of vehicles on the security of the city’s social environment. Research results show that the number of pollutants and a direct dependence between the number of pollutants and the driving speed were established. Therefore, it needs to make investments in the transport sector: improving roads, the construction of bypasses, and the technical parameters of purchased cars.

scholarly journals Applying Data Mining Approaches for Analyzing Hazardous Materials Transportation Accidents on Different Types of Roads

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12773
Author(s):  
Shanshan Wei ◽  
Xiaoyan Shen ◽  
Minhua Shao ◽  
Lijun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Property Damage ◽  
Rural Roads ◽  
Extreme Gradient Boosting ◽  
Hazmat Transportation ◽  
Transport Accidents

With the increase in the demand for and transportation of hazardous materials (Hazmat), frequent Hazmat road transport accidents, high death tolls and property damage have caused widespread societal concern. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out risk factor analysis of Hazmat transportation; predict the severity of accidents; and develop targeted, extensive and refined preventive measures to guarantee the safety of Hazmat road transportation. Based on the philosophy of graded risk management, this study used a priori algorithms in association rule mining (ARM) technology to analyze Hazmat transport accidents, using road types as classification criteria to find rules that had strong associations with property-damage-only (PDO) accidents and casualty (CAS) accidents under different road types. The results indicated that accidents involving PDO had a strong association with weather (WEA), traffic signals (TS), surface conditions (SC), fatigue (FAT) and vehicle safety status (VSS), and that accidents involving CAS had a strong association with VSS, equipment safety status (ESS), time of day (TOD) and WEA when urban roads were used for Hazmat transportation. Among Hazmat transport incidents on rural roads, the incidence of PDO accidents was associated with intersections (IN), SC, WEA, vehicle type (VT), and segment type (ST), while the occurrence of CAS accidents was associated with qualification (QUA), ESS, TS, VSS, SC, WEA, TOD, and month (MON). Strong associations between the occurrence of PDO accidents and related items, such as IN, SC, WEA and FAT, and the occurrence of CAS accidents and related items, such as ESS, TOD, VSS, WEA and SC, were identified for Hazmat road transport accidents on highways. The accident characteristics exemplified by strongly correlated rules were used as the input to the prediction model. Considering the scarcity of these events, four prediction models were selected to predict the severity of Hazmat accidents on each road type employing four analyses, and the most suitable prediction model was determined based on the evaluation criteria. The results showed that extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) is preferable for predicting the severity of Hazmat accidents occurring on urban roads and highways, while nearest neighbor classification (NNC) is more suitable for predicting the severity of Hazmat accidents occurring on rural roads.

scholarly journals How «Belt» and «Road» are Related Economically: Modelling and Policy Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-144
Author(s):  
Hangjun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Road Transport ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Freight Rate ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
The Road ◽  
Joint Management ◽  
The Social ◽  
Belt And Road

We propose an analytical model to capture the relationship between the «Belt» and the «Road» in China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). We show that the short-term minimum subsidies received by the terminal operator companies (TOCs) of the new railways depend on the market conditions in the existing port sector. Specifically, the subsidies are affected by the external shipping demand, the shipping freight rate, and the number of TOCs at the existing port. The level of subsidy and the shippers’ sensitivity to time and price play a significant role when determining the social benefit from the BRI. Furthermore, the region can further benefit from the construction or improvement of the railways when the rail TOC could compete with the existing port TOCs. The welfare gain arises from the improvement in service quality (decrease in delay costs), reduction in road transport costs, and decrease in shipping price resulting from competition. The policy and economic implications of separate and joint management of the port and rail are discussed.

scholarly journals Social Responsibilities in COVID-19: Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
Mayur B. Wanjari ◽  
Deeplata Mendhe ◽  
Pratibha Wankhede ◽  
Sagar Alwadkar
Keyword(s):  
Death Rate ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Social Responsibilities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Day By Day

Recent coronavirus discovered causes the coronavirus infection COVID-19 is also an infectious disease known to cause severe respiratory infections. This most recent virus and infection were unidentified until the epidemic in Wuhan in December 2019, China. Coronavirus has spread around the world and been declared a pandemic by the WHO. The disease has infected several nations, including Italy, Spain, and the United States, with brutality as the death rate rises day by day. The illness may transmit to cough or sneezes via small droplets. Therefore, social distancing is the only way to prevent the transmission as There is no vaccine available for prevention from thecoronavirus. One can reduce the chances of being infected by taking some social distancing measures which will reduce COVID-19 transmission. In the pandemic COVID-19, every individual’s responsibility is to follow all the social distancing measures, to follow the lockdown without being casual about the disease, to save our self, our family, community, and nation from novel coronavirus.

Where did all the men go? The changing sex composition of the Russian North in the post-Soviet period, 1989–2010

Polar Record ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Heleniak
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Male Population ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Social ◽  
Russian North ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
External Causes ◽  
Oriented System

Abstract Like the northern periphery regions of other Arctic countries, the Russian North had a higher male–female sex ratio than the rest of the country. During the two decades following the breakup of the Soviet Union, the male sex ratio in the Russian North declined considerably, from 101 males per 100 females in 1989 to 92 in 2010. The regions and population of the Russian North were greatly impacted by the shift in northern development approaches from the centrally planned system of the Soviet Union to the market-oriented system of Russia. This paper examines the decline in the male population in the Russian North based on data from the 1989, 2002 and 2010 population censuses. The paper finds that only one quarter of the decline in the male sex ratio in the Russian North can be attributed to higher male outmigration and that three quarters are the result of significantly higher and widening gaps between females and males in life expectancy. The conclusion is that men in the Russian North coped with the social and economic upheavals by dying prematurely not by migrating. The leading causes of death for men were cardiovascular diseases and external causes such as murder, suicide and accidents.

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