Immunological reactivity in children with recurrent bronchoobstructive syndrome in acute respiratory viral infections

1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-358
Author(s):  
A. D. Tsaregorodtsev ◽  
N. I. Kuznetsova ◽  
L. M. Malysheva ◽  
V. A. Anokhin ◽  
D. Sh. Khaertynova
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Immunological Reactivity ◽  
Nonspecific Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Cellular And Humoral Immunity

The aim of this study was to compare the state of nonspecific resistance, cellular and humoral immunity in young children with acute respiratory infections with a smooth course, with the first episode of bronchoobstructive syndrome (BOS) and with recurrence of this syndrome.

scholarly journals Clinical-epidemiological peculiarities of acute respiratory infections in children from 3 to 12 years and evaluation of effectiveness of antivirus therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
S. A. Khmilevskaya ◽  
N. I. Zryachkin ◽  
V. E. Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Viral Infection ◽  
Tract Infections

The aim: to study the etiological structure of acute respiratory infections in children aged 3 to 12 hospitalized in the early stages of the disease in the department of respiratory infections of the children’s hospital, and to reveal the features of their clinical course and the timing of DNA / RNA elimination of respiratory viruses from nasal secretions, depending on the method of therapy. Materials and methods: 100 children with acute respiratory infections aged 3 to 12 years were monitored. The nasal secrets on the DNA / RNA of respiratory viruses were studied by PCR. Depending on the method of therapy, patients were divided into 2 groups: patients of group 1 (comparison) received basic treatment (without the use of antiviral drugs), in patients of the 2nd group (main), along with basal therapy, the drug was used umifenovir in a 5-day course at the ageappropriate dosage. Results: In the etiologic structure of ARVI in children from 3 to 12 years, the leading place was taken by rhinovirus, influenza and metapneumovirus infections (isolated – 18%, 19% and 20% respectively, in the form of a mixed infection – 11%). The main syndromic diagnosis at the height of the disease was rhinopharyngitis. Complications were observed in 42% of cases, as often as possible with flu – 53% of cases. Features of metapneumovirus infection in children of this age group were: predominance of non-severe forms of the disease in the form of acute fever with symptoms of rhinopharyngitis, as well as a small incidence of lower respiratory tract infections. The use of the drug umiphenovir in children with acute respiratory viral infections of various etiologies contributed to significantly faster elimination of viral DNA / RNA from the nasal secretion, which was accompanied by a ecrease in the duration of the main clinical and hematological symptoms of the disease, a decrease in the incidence of complications, and reduced the duration of stay in hospital. Conclusion: application of modern molecular genetic methods of diagnostics made it possible to identify the leading role of influenza, metapneumovirus and rhinovirus infections in the etiology of acute respiratory viral infection in patients aged 3 to 12 years, and to determine a number of clinical features characteristic of this age group. The results of the study testify to the effectiveness of umiphenovir in the treatment of children with acute respiratory viral infections of various etiologies and allow us to recommend this drug as an effective and safe etiotropic agent.

scholarly journals Respiratory viral infections in children: modalities for pathogenic treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 762-767
Author(s):  
S.V. Nikolaeva ◽  
◽  
Yu.N. Khlypovka ◽  
V.A. Zavolozhin ◽  
E.K. Shushakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Emerging Viruses ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Rhinovirus C

Respiratory viruses are the leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide. Rapid identification of a pathogen, epidemiological surveillance, description of symptoms, and the development of preventive and therapeutic measures are keystones to limit the spread of respiratory infections. Novel viruses with specific properties are regularly discovered. This paper addresses essential data on the most common viruses provoking acute respiratory infections, including whose in children and the pattern of their course. Conventionally, the most vital concern is flu. Influenza viruses provoke seasonal outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. Many studies demonstrate the role of rhinovirus C in the development of bronchiolitis and, subsequently, asthma. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2 provoking COVID-19 were recently described. Knowledge of known and newly emerging viruses is crucial for timely adequate medical care. The authors discuss major therapeutic strategies for acute respiratory infections that provide a more favorable course of infectious inflammation irrespective of viral etiology. KEYWORDS: acute respiratory infections, influenza virus, rhinovirus, coronavirus, pneumonia, interferon. FOR CITATION: Nikolaeva S.V., Khlypovka Yu.N., Zavolozhin V.A. et al. Respiratory viral infections in children: modalities for pathogenic treatment. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(11):762–767 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-11-762-767.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of Anaferon for children and Anaferon for the prevention and treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections: systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-347
Author(s):  
N.A. Geppe ◽  
◽  
A.L. Zaplatnikov ◽  
E.G. Kondyurina ◽  
O.I. Afanasieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

Aim: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Anaferon and Anaferon for children for the prevention and treatment of of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI)/influenza using meta-analysis. Patients and Methods: the meta-analysis included data from 11 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) involving 3079 patients aged 1 month to 69 years, of which: 1729 people were included in the meta-analysis of the preventive drugs efficacy, 1550 patients — in the meta-analysis of the therapeutic efficacy of Anaferon for children. The evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy was conducted according to the criteria "disease duration" and/or "fever duration", the evaluation of the preventive efficacy was conducted according to the criterion "the proportion of patients not falling ill with ARVI/influenza". The safety was evaluated taking into account the number of adverse events (AEs). Statistical methods included the exact Fisher criterion, the Student criterion, fixed and random effects models, the Z-test, the Cochrane-Mantel-Hensel criterion, Cochrane Q-statistics and the I2 coefficient, the Breslow-Day test, the calculation of relative risk (RR), odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: according to the criterion "the proportion of patients not falling ill with ARVI/influenza", the RR of Anaferon for children was 1.2 [95% CI 1.2; 1.3] with an OR of 2.2 [95% CI 1.7; 2.9], while for Anaferon, the RR was 6.7 [95% CI 3.8; 11.8] with an OR of 20.1 [95% CI 9.2; 44.0]. At the same time, the proportion of patients without ARVI/influenza during Anaferon intake exceeded that in the absence of preventive intervention by almost 8 times, and during Anaferon for children intake — 1.3 times vs. placebo. When evaluating the therapeutic effect of Anaferon for children, it was found that the average disease duration was 1.4 times shorter than during placebo intake, and was 4.71±2.53 days (p<0,001). The average fever duration was 2.19±1.21 days vs. 3.22±1.81 days during placebo intake (p<0,001). According to the criterion "disease duration", the weighted average effect value was 1.05 [95% CI 0.44; 1.67], according to the criterion "fever duration" — 0.97 [95% CI 0.61; 1.33] (p<0.001, p-value of the two-tailed Z-test; random effects model). The therapeutic efficacy of Anaferon for children did not depend on the etiology of ARVI, the symptoms, and the presence of comorbidity (asthma). The total number of AEs is similar to those in the comparison group. Conclusion: the conducted review and meta-analysis concerning the efficacy and safety of Anaferon and Anaferon for children for the treatment and prevention of ARVI/influenza allow us to conclude the following: 1) Anaferon for children is effective and safe for the treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory infections, regardless of the pathogen and the presence of comorbidity (asthma); 2) Anaferon and Anaferon for children are effective and safe for the prevention of acute respiratory infections/influenza, including patients with concomitant bronchopulmonary pathology and frequently ill children. KEYWORDS: ARVI, influenza, prevention, treatment, meta-analysis, Anaferon, Anaferon for children. FOR CITATION: Geppe N.A., Zaplatnikov A.L., Kondyurina E.G. et al. Efficacy and safety of Anaferon for children and Anaferon for the prevention and treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections: systematic review and meta-analysis. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(5):335–347 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-5-335-347.

scholarly journals Probiotics for prevention of acute respiratory infections in children: therapeutic potential.

2021 ◽  
pp. 254-260
Author(s):  
Irina N. Zakharova ◽  
Narine G. Sugyan
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Human Respiratory Tract ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

Acute respiratory viral infections represent a group of clinically, pathomorphologically similar acute inflammatory respiratory diseases that manifest by fever, a runny nose, sneezing, cough, sore throat, a general feeling of ill health of varying severity. Activation of latent, persistent infections of viral and/or bacterial origin may occur in recurrent respiratory infections. Decreased production of local immunity contributes greatly to the development of viral and bacterial infections, persistence of pathogenic micro-organisms. Intestinal microflora can directly or indirectly affect the human respiratory tract through increased production of cytokines, short-chain fatty acids. In recent years, there has been a scientific interest in the therapeutic potential of probiotics for the prevention of acute respiratory viral infections. Earlier studies have shown a positive effect of probiotics on the respiratory tract with a view to prevent and reduce the incidence and severity of respiratory infectious diseases by expending the number of IgA secreting cells in the bronchial mucosa. Studies showed that the use of probiotics can reduce the incidence of acute respiratory infections, duration of fever, cough, and the need for antibacterial agents in children. Peptidoglycans and muramyl peptides that are constituents of the bacterial cell wall have antiviral activity. Probiotics can also inhibit virus attachment through a process of competing for the specific receptors. The regeneration of the mucous membrane is enhanced by the ability of mucin to prevent the virus from attaching to epithelial cells and suppress virus replication. The antiviral effect of probiotics may be caused by the ability to produce antimicrobial peptides, dehydrogenases and NOs. Probiotics can modulate the functions of epithelial and dendritic cells, CD4 +, CD8 + T lymphocytes, NK cells, stimulate the synthesis of secretory immunoglobulins, helping to neutralize the virus.

The clinical end epidemiological characteristics of influenza and acute respiratory infections in North Ossetia-Alania

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (31) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
Гуриева ◽  
Z. Gurieva ◽  
Плиева ◽  
Zh. Plieva ◽  
Гипаева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
The North ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
North Ossetia

The influenza and acute respiratory infections are one of the medical problems. The relevance of influenza and acute respiratory infections was due to the lack of a persistent immune response and the lack of vaccines against many respiratory viral infections. We have analyzed the latest outbreak of influenza and acute respiratory infections in the North Ossetia-Alania, that occurred in winter 2015. During the analyzed period there was an increase in the incidence of acute respiratory infections by 42,1%. 66 cases of influenza were revealed by the laboratory. In order to reduce the intensity of flu and acute respiratory infections is necessary to observe all types of preventive measures: specific vaccination, chemoprophylaxis with antivirals and following the rules of non-specific prevention.

scholarly journals Antibacterial therapy of complications of acute respiratory viral infections in children

2018 ◽  
pp. 146-149
Author(s):  
W. M. Delyagin
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

The incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) of the upper respiratory tract in children of the first 3 years of life can reach 3796.29: 1,000. Pre-school children from organized groups register up to 6–10 episodes of ARI annually, and 7–12 in primary school children. The frequency of bacterial complications (otitis, sinusitis, tracheobronchitis, pneumonia) in different age groups and socioeconomic conditions is 10–60%, which requires the appointment of antibiotics. In the case of a severe course of complications, with previously prescribed drugs of the 1st line, an unfavorable premorbid background the treatment with cefixime is preferable.

scholarly journals Epidemiological features of acute respiratory infections in dentists

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
D. Yu. Ivanov ◽  
O. M. Drozdova
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

Aim. To study the incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in medical staff of dental clinics.Materials and Methods. We performed a descriptive, retrospective epidemiological study of ARI incidence by means of conducting an anonymous survey of 1,081 dentistry practitioners (358 in specialised dental clinics and 723 employees of polyclinics) in Kemerovo (2020). ARI included COVID-19, community-acquired pneumonia, and other common respiratory viral infections. The questionnaire included 12 questions about ARI, age, gender, working experience, and position.Results. The incidence of ARI in dentistry practitioners in specialised dental clinics was 2.6-fold higher as compared with those working in polyclinics [379.52 per 1,000 (95% CI = 327.10-434.11) and 146.19 per 1,000 (95% CI = 120.56-174.93), respectively, p = 0,00001], regardless of age. Prolonged and close contact with the patients along with an intensive use of aerosol-generating technologies were associated with a 2.3-fold times higher incidence of ARI in dental therapists in comparison with dental surgeons. Female dentists suffered from ARI 1.8-fold more frequently than males [410.91 per 1,000 (95% CI = 352,18-471,58) and 228.07 per 1,000 (95% CI = 127.40-358.36), p = 0,01] but most women worked as dental therapists that could confound such association. ARI incidence was not associated with age, work experience, and position (p = 0.22).Conclusion. Dentistry practitioners working in specialised clinics more frequently experienced ARI than those working in polyclinics. Dental therapists were at higher risk of ARI in comparison with dental surgeons, potentially due to the active use of aerosol generating technologies and prolonged close contact with the patients during treatment. Other factors were not among the major determinants of ARI incidence in dentistry practitioners.

scholarly journals The use of intranasal interferon for prevention and treatment of acute respiratory infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
S.О. Kramarov ◽  
V.V. Yevtushenko
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Biological Effect ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

Interferons are cytokines that are produced by immunocompetent cells in response to the invasion of an infectious factor. The most important biological effect of interferons used in clinical practice is their ability to nonspecifically inhibit viral replication. This article summarizes the functions of interferons in the implementation of the functions of innate and acquired immunity. The possibilities of using intranasal interferons for the treatment and prevention of the most common viral diseases in children, in particular acute respiratory viral infections, SARS and SARS-CoV-2, are considered.

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