scholarly journals INFLAMM-AGING: THE HYPOTHESIS OF THE INFLAMMATION ROLE IN ALZHEIMER DISEASE PROGRESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1S) ◽  
pp. 88-91
Author(s):  
I M Kventoy ◽  
N S Linkova ◽  
A S Diatlova ◽  
V A Zuev ◽  
T V Kventaia
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Old People ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Neurodegenerative Pathology ◽  
Τ Protein ◽  
Elderly And Old People

Inflamm-aging - the term, describes the development of chronic inflammation during aging without the infection pathology. It is supposed, that inflamm-aging is one of the reason of age-related pathology, partially, Alzheimer disease (AD). There were done comparative analysis of AD (Аβ42, τ-protein, р16) and inflammation (IL-6, TGFα, NF-kB) markers in hippocamp and blood lymphocytes in elderly and old people. It was shown, that expression of investigated signal molecules in hippocamp and lymphocytes of elderly and old AD people increased in comparison with people of control group (without neurodegenerative pathology). Thus, inflammation mediators play important role in AD pathogenesis and can be the potential target for neuropathology therapy.

scholarly journals Inflammaging: Role in pathogenesis and molecular diagnostics of age-related dilated cardiomyopathy

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
И.М. Кветной ◽  
Н.С. Линькова ◽  
А.Э. Пухальская ◽  
К.Л. Козлов ◽  
Г.И. Гурко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Molecular Diagnostics ◽  
Molecular Medicine ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Old People ◽  
Melatonin Synthesis ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Klotho Protein ◽  
Salivary Concentration ◽  
Elderly And Old People

Актуальность. В патогенезе дилатационной кардиомиопатии (ДКМП) у лиц старших возрастных групп важную роль играет инфламэйджинг и нарушение мелатонинобразующей функции эпифиза. Важной задачей молекулярной медицины является поиск сигнальных молекул - маркеров ДКМП. Цель работы - провести сравнительную оценку концентрации IL-1β, IL-6, Klotho, Sirt3, FGF23 и мелатонина в слюне у пациентов старших возрастных групп с ДКМП и без неё. Методы. Определение концентрации сигнальных молекул в слюне осуществляли методом иммуноферментного анализа с последующей статистической обработкой полученных данных. Результаты. У пациентов с ДКМП пожилого и старческого возраста концентрация маркеров инфламэйджинга (IL-1β, IL-6) в слюне повышалась в 8,6-19,1 раза по сравнению с этими показателями у лиц без ДКМП. Концентрация белка Klotho, ингибирующего синтез провоспалительных цитокинов, в слюне пациентов с ДКМП пожилого и старческого возраста была в 4,2-7,6 раза ниже по сравнению с этим показателем у лиц без ДКМП. У пациентов с ДКМП пожилого и старческого возраста концентрация в слюне мелатонина и регулируемого им Sirt3 была в 2,1-4,3 раза ниже по сравнению с этим показателем у лиц без ДКМП. Концентрация FGF23 в слюне не зависела от возраста пациентов и наличия ДКМП. Заключение. В патогенезе ДКМП у лиц старших возрастных групп важную роль играет инфламэйджинг. Об этом свидетельствует снижение синтеза белка Klotho и повышение уровня провоспалительных цитокинов IL-1β и IL-6. Другим звеном патогенеза ДКМП является снижение синтеза мелатонина и, как следствие, нарушение функции сигнального пути Mst1/Sirt3. Исследование концентрации IL-1β, IL-6, Klotho, SIRT3 и мелатонина в слюне может применяться для молекулярной диагностики ДКМП у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста. Background. Inflammaging and disorder of melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland play an important role in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DC) in elderly and old people. An important objective of molecular medicine is searching for signal molecules, markers of DC. The aim of this work was to compare concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, Klotho, Sirt3, FGF23, and melatonin in saliva of elderly and old DC patients and persons without DC. Methods. Concentrations of signal molecules were measured in saliva by ELISA. Results. Salivary concentrations of inflammaging markers (IL-1β, IL-6) in elderly and old DC patients were 8.6-19.1 times higher than in persons without DC. Salivary concentration of Klotho protein, an inhibitor of pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis, was increased 4.2-7.6 times in elderly and old DC patients compared to the values in persons without DC. Salivary concentrations of melatonin and melatonin-regulated Sirt3 were decreased 2.1-4.3 times in elderly and old DC patients compared to the values in persons without DC. Salivary concentration of FGF23 did not depend on the age or presence of DC. Conclusion. Inflammaging plays in important role in the pathogenesis of DC in elderly and old people as evidenced by decreased synthesis of Klotho and increased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6. Another step in the DC pathogenesis is decreased melatonin synthesis and the resultant dysregulation of the Mst1/Sirt3 signaling way. Measuring concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, Klotho, SIRT3, and melatonin in saliva can be used for molecular diagnostics of DC in elderly and old people.

scholarly journals An integrated analysis of clinical and morphometric indications of atrophic forms of age-related macular degeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
N. V. Neroeva ◽  
M. V. Ryabina ◽  
A. G. Karmokova ◽  
V. V. Neroev
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Fundus Autofluorescence ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Related

The atrophic form of late age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of severe vision loss. Recently, a new classification system has been proposed, which identifies two types of atrophy in the late stage of AMD that require a more detailed study: (1) drusenassociated geographic atrophy (GA), which is the final stage of progression of dry AMD, and (2) macular atrophy (MA), which occurs in wet AMD, including the period of AMD treatment with angiogenesis inhibitors. Purpose: an integrated analysis of clinical and morphometric signs of atrophic AMD forms. Material and methods. 48 people (61eyes) aged 48–84 with GA (group 1) and MA (group 2) and a control group, recruited from age-matching 25 healthy volunteers (35 eyes), underwent standard ophthalmological examinations, fundus autofluorescence (FAF) with lesion area measurement, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the standard mode and Enhanced Depth Imagine Mode, Multicolor, and OCT angiography. Results. The comparative analysis of two atrophic AMD forms showed that in GA eyes, foci of atrophy capturing the fovea were significantly more common, while, contrariwise in MA eyes atrophic foci not capturing the fovea were more frequent (p < 0.05). Photoreceptor tubulation was diagnosed mainly in eyes with GA (p < 0.05). The morphometric analysis showed a significant decrease in the subfoveal thickness of the choroid in the groups with GA and MA as compared to the control (p < 0.05), whilst no significant differences between two groups were noted. The assessment of the frequency of occurrence of types of fundus AF patterns in groups 1 and 2 followed by a comparative analysis, showed the presence of all types of patterns in GA patients, including the heterogeneous and the bordering pattern (p < 0.05). In the MA group, diffuse and focal types of patterns were revealed, while the frequency of the diffuse pattern turned out to be significantly more frequent (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The integrated analysis revealed the main semiological signs and morphometric parameters, their features and prevalence in GA and MA, which may have diagnostic and prognostic importance for the management and treatment of patients with AMD.

THE INFLUENCE OF POLYPEPTIDE LIVER COMPLEX AND TETRAPEPTIDE ON ORGANISM PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION IN NORM AND AGE-RELATED PATHOLOGY

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Б. И. Кузник ◽  
Н. В. Хасанова ◽  
Г. А. Рыжак ◽  
И. Е. Мещерякова ◽  
В. Х. Хавинсон
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Old People ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Acute And Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Elderly And Old People

Применение большого числа лекарственных средств у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста часто приводит к нарушению функции печени. При этом с возрастом повышается риск развития цирроза печени, острого и хронического гепатита, что обусловливает необходимость поиска эффективных и безопасных гепатопротекторов. В обзоре приведены данные исследования гепатопротекторных, иммуномодулирующих и геропротекторных свойств полипептидного комплекса, экстрагированного из печени телят (Вентвил) и тетрапептида KEDA ( Lys-Glu-Asp-Ala , Ливаген). В моделях экспериментальной патологии печени у животных (острый и хронический гепатит, цирроз) и исследованиях in vitro показана высокая эффективность Вентвила и пептида KEDA . Вентвил и пептид KEDA обладают сходными свойствами - приводят к норме иммунный и антиоксидантный статус, восстанавливают функции печени при гепатите. Показано, что наибольшее гепато-и иммунопротекторное действие пептидов проявляется при старении. The applying of many drugs in elderly and old people often is the reason of liver dysfunction. Thereat, the risk of liver fibroid induration, acute and chronic hepatitis increases during aging. It is the reason to find new, effective and harmless hepatoprotectors. In the review is shown the data of hepatoprotective, immunoprotective and antiageing properties of liver polypeptide complex (Ventvil) and KEDA tetrapeptide ( Lys-Glu-Asp-Ala , Livagen). In liver pathology experimental models (liver fibroid induration, acute and chronic hepatitis) in amimals and in vitro was shown high efficiency of Ventvil and KEDA peptide. Ventvil and KEDA peptide had concordant effects - normalized immune and antioxidant status, restored liver function during hepatitis. It was demonstrated, that maximal hepato- and immunoprotective effect of peptides verified in aging.

Oral and Oropharyngeal Sensory Function in Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 864-872
Author(s):  
Fernanda Borowsky da Rosa ◽  
Adriane Schmidt Pasqualoto ◽  
Catriona M. Steele ◽  
Renata Mancopes
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Copd Patients

Introduction The oral cavity and pharynx have a rich sensory system composed of specialized receptors. The integrity of oropharyngeal sensation is thought to be fundamental for safe and efficient swallowing. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are at risk for oropharyngeal sensory impairment due to frequent use of inhaled medications and comorbidities including gastroesophageal reflux disease. Objective This study aimed to describe and compare oral and oropharyngeal sensory function measured using noninstrumental clinical methods in adults with COPD and healthy controls. Method Participants included 27 adults (18 men, nine women) with a diagnosis of COPD and a mean age of 66.56 years ( SD = 8.68). The control group comprised 11 healthy adults (five men, six women) with a mean age of 60.09 years ( SD = 11.57). Spirometry measures confirmed reduced functional expiratory volumes (% predicted) in the COPD patients compared to the control participants. All participants completed a case history interview and underwent clinical evaluation of oral and oropharyngeal sensation by a speech-language pathologist. The sensory evaluation explored the detection of tactile and temperature stimuli delivered by cotton swab to six locations in the oral cavity and two in the oropharynx as well as identification of the taste of stimuli administered in 5-ml boluses to the mouth. Analyses explored the frequencies of accurate responses regarding stimulus location, temperature and taste between groups, and between age groups (“≤ 65 years” and “> 65 years”) within the COPD cohort. Results We found significantly higher frequencies of reported use of inhaled medications ( p < .001) and xerostomia ( p = .003) in the COPD cohort. Oral cavity thermal sensation ( p = .009) was reduced in the COPD participants, and a significant age-related decline in gustatory sensation was found in the COPD group ( p = .018). Conclusion This study found that most of the measures of oral and oropharyngeal sensation remained intact in the COPD group. Oral thermal sensation was impaired in individuals with COPD, and reduced gustatory sensation was observed in the older COPD participants. Possible links between these results and the use of inhaled medication by individuals with COPD are discussed.

Potential immunotherapy for Alzheimer disease and age-related dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Brain

Emerging results support the concept that Alzheimer disease (AD) and age-related dementia are affected by the ability of the immune system to contain the brain's pathology. Accordingly, well-controlled boosting, rather than suppression of systemic immunity, has been suggested as a new approach to modify disease pathology without directly targeting any of the brain's disease hallmarks. Here, we provide a short review of the mechanisms orchestrating the cross-talk between the brain and the immune system. We then discuss how immune checkpoint blockade directed against the PD-1/PD-L1 pathways could be developed as an immunotherapeutic approach to combat this disease using a regimen that will address the needs to combat AD.

Potential immunotherapy for Alzheimer disease and age-related dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Brain

Emerging results support the concept that Alzheimer disease (AD) and age-related dementia are affected by the ability of the immune system to contain the brain’s pathology. Accordingly, well-controlled boosting, rather than suppression of systemic immunity, has been suggested as a new approach to modify disease pathology without directly targeting any of the brain’s disease hallmarks. Here, we provide a short review of the mechanisms orchestrating the cross-talk between the brain and the immune system. We then discuss how immune checkpoint blockade directed against the PD-1/PD-L1 pathways could be developed as an immunotherapeutic approach to combat this disease using a regimen that will address the needs to combat AD.

What Can We Learn from Sarcopenia with Curarisation in the Context of Cancer Surgery? A Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (28) ◽  
pp. 3005-3010
Author(s):  
Georges Samouri ◽  
Alexandre Stouffs ◽  
Lionel V. Essen ◽  
Olivier Simonet ◽  
Marc De Kock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frail Elderly ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Neuromuscular Blocking ◽  
Cancer Surgery ◽  
Old People ◽  
Age Related

Introduction: The monitoring of the curarisation is a unique opportunity to investigate the function of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) during cancer surgery, especially in frailty-induced and age-related sarcopenia. Method: We conducted a comprehensive literature review in PubMed, without any limit of time related to frailty, sarcopenia, age and response to neuromuscular blockers in the context of cancer surgery. Results: Several modifications appear with age: changes in cardiac output, a decrease in muscle mass and increase in body fat, the deterioration in renal and hepatic function, the plasma clearance and the volume of distribution in elderly are smaller. These changes can be exacerbated in cancer patients. We also find modifications of the NMJ: dysfunctional mitochondria, modifications in the innervation of muscle fibers and motor units, uncoupling of the excitation-contraction of muscle fibers, inflammation. : Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) compete with acetylcholine and prevent it from fixing itself on its receptor. Many publications reported guidelines for using NMBAs in the elderly, based on studies comparing old people with young people. : No one screened frailty before, and thus, no studies compared frail elderly and non-frail elderly undergoing cancer surgery. Conclusion: Despite many studies about curarisation in the specific populations, and many arguments for a potential interest for investigation, no studies investigated specifically the response to NMBAs in regard of the frailty-induced and age-related sarcopenia.

Effect of the Interaction Between Hypertension and Cerebral White Matter Changes on the Progression of Alzheimer Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (14) ◽  
pp. 1354-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping-Song Chou ◽  
Yi-Hui Kao ◽  
Meng-Ni Wu ◽  
Mei-Chuan Chou ◽  
Chun-Hung Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
White Matter Changes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Mean

Background: Cerebrovascular pathologies and hypertension could play a vital role in Alzheimer disease (AD) progression. However, whether cerebrovascular pathologies and hypertension accelerate the AD progression through an independent or interaction effect is unknown. Objective: To investigate the effect of the interactions of cerebrovascular pathologies and hypertension on AD progression. Method: A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted to compare AD courses in patients with different severities of cerebral White Matter Changes (WMCs) in relation to hypertension. Annual comprehensive psychometrics were performed. WMCs were rated using a rating scale for Age-related WMCs (ARWMC). Results: In total, 278 patients with sporadic AD were enrolled in this study. The mean age of the patients was 76.6 ± 7.4 years, and 166 patients had hypertension. Among AD patients with hypertension, those with deterioration in clinical dementia rating-sum of box (CDR-SB) and CDR had significantly severe baseline ARWMC scales in total (CDR-SB: 5.8 vs. 3.6, adjusted P = 0.04; CDR: 6.4 vs. 4.4, adjusted P = 0.04) and frontal area (CDR-SB: 2.4 vs. 1.2, adjusted P = 0.01; CDR: 2.4 vs. 1.7, adjusted P < 0.01) compared with those with no deterioration in psychometrics after adjustment for confounders. By contrast, among AD patients without hypertension, no significant differences in ARWMC scales were observed between patients with and without deterioration. Conclusion: The effect of cerebrovascular pathologies on AD progression between those with and without hypertension might differ. An interaction but not independent effect of hypertension and WMCs on the progression of AD is possible.

scholarly journals The impact of vascular risk factors on the thickness and volume of the choroid in AMD patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Krytkowska ◽  
Aleksandra Grabowicz ◽  
Katarzyna Mozolewska-Piotrowska ◽  
Zofia Ulańczyk ◽  
Krzysztof Safranow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Average Volume ◽  
Central Ring ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wet Amd

AbstractDisturbances in choroidal microcirculation may lead to the onset and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We aimed to assess changes in the choroidal volume and thickness in the macular region in AMD eyes and to investigate whether coexisting vascular risk factors alter choroidal status. We enrolled 354 AMD patients (175 dry, 179 wet AMD) and 121 healthy controls. All participants underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination and assessment of choroidal thickness and volume. A multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, and smoking status revealed that wet AMD was an independent factor associated with higher average thickness of the central ring area (ATC) and average volume of the central ring area (AVC) and lower choroidal vascularity index (CVI) compared to controls (β =  + 0.18, p = 0.0007, β =  + 0.18, p = 0.0008, respectively) and to dry AMD (β =  + 0.17, p = 0.00003 for both ATC and AVC and β =  − 0.30 p < 0.0001 for CVI). ATC, AVC and average volume (AV) were lower in AMD patients with hypertension and ischaemic heart disease (IHD). The duration of hypertension was inversely correlated with ATC, AVC and AV (Rs =  − 0.13, p < 0.05; Rs =  − 0.12; p < 0.05, Rs =  − 0.12; p < 0.05, respectively) while IHD duration negatively correlated with AV (Rs =  − 0.15, p < 0.05). No such associations were observed in the control group. Our findings show that the choroidal vascular system in eyes with AMD is much more susceptible to damage in the presence than in the absence of systemic vascular disease.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document