scholarly journals Pharmacology of trekrezan, a new immune modulator and adaptogenic

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Dmitriyevich Shabanov ◽  
Irina Viktorovna Zarubina ◽  
Eugenii Viktorovich Mokrenko
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Effects ◽  
Immune Modulator ◽  
Special Part ◽  
Immunological Changes ◽  
Experimental Prostatitis

The analysis of literatural and proper experimental data on toxicology and pharmacology of trekrezan, a new synthetic immune modulator and adaptogenic, is reviewed. The data on acute and chronic toxicity as well as phamacodynamic effects of trekrezan and molecular mechanisms of its action are observed. The main attention is paid to study adaptogenic, immune stimulating and anti-inflammatory properties of trekrezan (effect on cell and humoral immunity, phagocytosis, interferonogenesis). The special part describes the influence of trekrezan and combination on its basis (with polyoxidonium, metaprot) on structural, metabolic and immunological changes in the lung and blood lymphocytes of rats in acune bronchopulmonary inflammation, experimental prostatitis and gingivitis. In conclusion, a schedule illustrating connections between pharmacodynamic effects and systemic and molecular mechanisms is analysed.

scholarly journals ICE PROPULSION ABILITY OF VESSELS WITH NONTRADITIONAL FORM

2020 ◽  
pp. 143-156
Author(s):  
Vasily A. Lobanov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Ship Hulls ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ice Resistance ◽  
Different Thickness

In article the fact related to the significant increase in structure of the ice category fleet internal and mixed a river sea operation with non-traditional ship hulls forms is stated. With the CAE technologies use such vessels interaction nature with ice cakes and small ice cakes of different thickness and concentration in the ice channel is studied and analyzed. The main attention is paid to a research concerning the influence of different forms bulbous fore ends on change of the vessel ice resistance level. Qualitative features of such bulbous vessels contact with the water ice environment are noted. The statistical analysis concerning the obtained experimental data on the impact assessment related to constructive, dynamic and ice factors on ice propulsion ability of vessels with non-traditional forms is carried out. The quantitative forecast of such influence in the form of the multifactorial regression empirical equation is given.

scholarly journals Bioinformatic resources for the investigation of proteins and proteomes

Peptidomics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Facchiano
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Data Management ◽  
Protein Identification ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Functional Interpretation ◽  
Huge Data ◽  
Protein World ◽  
Protein Functions

AbstractExperimental techniques in omics sciences need strong support of bioinformatics tools for the data management, analysis and interpretation. Scientific community develops continuously new databases and tools. They make it possible the comparison of new experimental data with the existing ones, to gain new knowledge. Bioinformatics assists proteomics scientists for protein identification from experimental data, management of the huge data produced, investigation of molecular mechanisms of protein functions, their roles in biochemical pathways, and functional interpretation of biological processes. This article introduces the main bioinformatics resources for investigation in the protein world, with references to analyses performed by means of free tools available on the net.

scholarly journals Toward a Sustainable Agriculture Through Plant Biostimulants: From Experimental Data to Practical Applications

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Rouphael ◽  
Giuseppe Colla
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Application Procedure ◽  
Wide Range

Modern agriculture increasingly demands an alternative to synthetic chemicals (fertilizers and pesticides) in order to respond to the changes in international law and regulations, but also consumers’ needs for food without potentially toxic residues. Microbial (arbuscular mycorrhizal and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: Azotobacter, Azospirillum and Rizhobium spp.) and non-microbial (humic substances, silicon, animal- and vegetal-based protein hydrolysate and macro- and micro-algal extracts) biostimulants represent a sustainable and effective alternative or complement for their synthetic counterparts, bringing benefits to the environment, biodiversity, human health and economy. The Special Issue “Toward a sustainable agriculture through plant biostimulants: from experimental data to practical applications” compiles 34 original research articles, 4 review papers and 1 brief report covering the implications of microbial and non-microbial biostimulants for improving seedling growth and crop performance, nutrient use efficiency and quality of the produce as well as enhancing the tolerance/resistance to a wide range of abiotic stresses in particular salinity, drought, nutrient deficiency and high temperature. The present compilation of high standard scientific papers on principles and practices of plant biostimulants will foster knowledge transfer among researchers, fertilizer and biostimulant industries, stakeholders, extension specialists and farmers, and it will enable a better understanding of the physiological and molecular mechanisms and application procedure of biostimulants in different cropping systems.

scholarly journals Localization of trehalose in partially hydrated DOPC bilayers: insights into cryoprotective mechanisms

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (95) ◽  
pp. 20140069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Kent ◽  
Taavi Hunt ◽  
Tamim A. Darwish ◽  
Thomas Hauß ◽  
Christopher J. Garvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Lipid Bilayer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Membranes ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Bilayer Membrane ◽  
Lipid Bilayer Membrane ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
Gaussian Profile

Trehalose, a natural disaccharide with bioprotective properties, is widely recognized for its ability to preserve biological membranes during freezing and dehydration events. Despite debate over the molecular mechanisms by which this is achieved, and that different mechanisms imply quite different distributions of trehalose molecules with respect to the bilayer, there are no direct experimental data describing the location of trehalose within lipid bilayer membrane systems during dehydration. Here, we use neutron membrane diffraction to conclusively show that the trehalose distribution in a dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) system follows a Gaussian profile centred in the water layer between bilayers. The absence of any preference for localizing near the lipid headgroups of the bilayers indicates that the bioprotective effects of trehalose at physiologically relevant concentrations are the result of non-specific mechanisms that do not rely on direct interactions with the lipid headgroups.

A mathematical model of metabolic insulin signaling pathways

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (5) ◽  
pp. E1084-E1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad R. Sedaghat ◽  
Arthur Sherman ◽  
Michael J. Quon
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Insulin Dose ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Insight Into

We develop a mathematical model that explicitly represents many of the known signaling components mediating translocation of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4 to gain insight into the complexities of metabolic insulin signaling pathways. A novel mechanistic model of postreceptor events including phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1, activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and subsequent activation of downstream kinases Akt and protein kinase C-ζ is coupled with previously validated subsystem models of insulin receptor binding, receptor recycling, and GLUT4 translocation. A system of differential equations is defined by the structure of the model. Rate constants and model parameters are constrained by published experimental data. Model simulations of insulin dose-response experiments agree with published experimental data and also generate expected qualitative behaviors such as sequential signal amplification and increased sensitivity of downstream components. We examined the consequences of incorporating feedback pathways as well as representing pathological conditions, such as increased levels of protein tyrosine phosphatases, to illustrate the utility of our model for exploring molecular mechanisms. We conclude that mathematical modeling of signal transduction pathways is a useful approach for gaining insight into the complexities of metabolic insulin signaling.

Durability of Quantitative Resistance in Crops: Greater Than We Know?

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Cowger ◽  
James K.M. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Antagonistic Effects ◽  
Crop Diseases ◽  
Mechanisms Of Adaptation

Quantitative resistance (QR) to crop diseases has usually been much more durable than major-gene, effector-triggered resistance. It has been observed that the effectiveness of some QR has eroded as pathogens adapt to it, especially when deployment is extensive and epidemics occur regularly, but it generally declines more slowly than effector-triggered resistance. Changes in aggressiveness and specificity of diverse pathogens on cultivars with QR have been recorded, along with experimental data on fitness costs of pathogen adaptation to QR, but there is little information about molecular mechanisms of adaptation. Some QR has correlated or antagonistic effects on multiple diseases. Longitudinal data on cultivars’ disease ratings in trials over several years can be used to assess the significance of QR for durable resistance in crops. It is argued that published data likely underreport the durability of QR, owing to publication bias. The implications of research on QR for plant breeding are discussed.

Breast Cancer With Relevance for Heavy Metals, Mycotoxines, and Pesticides

2019 ◽  
pp. 152-192
Author(s):  
Ait Sidi Brahim Malika ◽  
Kiai Hajar ◽  
Benidire Loubna ◽  
Omar El Hiba ◽  
Makbal Rachida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Environmental Contaminants ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Copper Arsenic

Certain environmental contaminants such as heavy metals, pesticides, and mycotoxins are presumed to play a crucial role in the etiology of breast cancer, which is the most common tumor in women worldwide. In fact, the exposure to heavy metals poses risk in causing human cancers. Several investigations indicated strong contribution of heavy metals especially copper, arsenic, zinc, cadmium, lead, and aluminum in breast cancer. Furthermore, it has been reported that the excessive use of pesticides in agriculture in order to improve the productivity contaminates food materials and can be responsible to induce breast cancer in women. It is also noted that some fungi produce several type of mycotoxins such us zearalenone, aflatoxin, and ochratoxin that are dangerous for human health and can especially cause breast cancer. Thus, the objective of this chapter is to discuss the experimental data regarding the involvement of heavy metals, pesticides, and mycotoxins as well as the recent insights on the molecular mechanisms involved in the progress of breast cancer.

The perspectives of application of statins under pulmonary hypertension

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Baksheev ◽  
N. M Kolomoetz ◽  
B. L Shklovskiy ◽  
O. Sh Oynotkinova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Strategic Direction

The present publications' review considers perspectives of application of statins under pulmonary hypertension. Nowadays, there are quite encouraging experimental data concerning positive versatile effect of statins on lesser blood circulation. The results of study of this issue with participation of patients are singular and continue to be controversial still. The clinical substantiation of application of new pharmaceuticals effecting molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (re-modeling, endothelial dysfunction, function of right ventricle) requires carrying out of large investigations placebo-controlled by design and statistical processing. Precisely in this context the application of statins is of interest as potentially strategic direction in treatment of pulmonary hypertension.

scholarly journals Endometritis and pyometra in bitches: a review

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 289-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kempisty ◽  
D. Bukowska ◽  
M. Wozna ◽  
H. Piotrowska ◽  
M. Jackowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Clinical Stages ◽  
Compound Process ◽  
Immunological Changes

Endometritis-pyometra is the most frequent and complex pathology in domestic bitches. This process involves several immunological changes as well as molecular mechanisms responsible for inflammation in the female uterus. The various clinical stages of pyometra are associated with various symptoms. In this review, several aspects are described, including physiological and pathological mechanisms as well as molecular changes which take place during induction of endometritis-pyometra. The authors also highlight the important role of growth factors and their receptors in this process. It is well known that pyometra is a compound process which mainly involves immunological changes during inflammation. However, this review presents a new overview of this process, which includes changes at the molecular level, e.g., the altered expression of genes crucial for the development of this disease. Although pyometra is the most frequent disease of the reproductive tract in bitches, the molecular basis of this process is still not entirely understood.  

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