Criminality in Liechtenstein

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Trefilov ◽  
Ekaterina S. Borodulkina
Keyword(s):  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Crime Detection ◽  
High Crime ◽  
Financial Intelligence

The authors of this article, on the basis of statistical, normative, and doctrinal sources (mainly German-speaking), examine the main features of crime in the Principality of Liechtenstein, which is located between Switzerland and Austria: 1) the predominance of drug trafficking; 2) criminal acts committed by foreigners as a significant share of crime Liechtenstein; 3) a sufficiently high crime detection rate. Further, the authors analyze crime prevention and deterrence measures in the Principality of Liechtenstein. The views of the reigning Prince Hans Adam II on illegal drug trafficking are considered. The issue of combating criminally punishable acts in the financial sphere (legalization of criminal income, financing of criminal activity, illegal banking activities, etc.), as well as the legal status of the financial intelligence Unit (Financial Intelligence Unit) is also touched upon. The opinion of ordinary people (carriers of ordinary legal consciousness) about the level of crime in Liechtenstein is studied via Internet forums.

The State's Developmentalist Illusion and the Origins of Illegal Coca Cultivation in Peru's Alto Huallaga Valley (1960–80)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Maritza Paredes ◽  
Hernán Manrique
Keyword(s):  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
The State ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
State Development ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
International Demand ◽  
Development Plans

Abstract The origin of illicit economies has been understood as a consequence of ‘low stateness’ (i.e. low reach of the state). Given the limited stateness in many regions, however, this article seeks to explain how only some sub-national territories have become vulnerable to illegal drug trafficking. To make this case, the representative example of the Alto Huallaga valley, in the Peruvian Amazon, is analysed. This article argues that ineffective development and settlement efforts by the Peruvian state in the Alto Huallaga, rather than the absence of the state, produced socio-ecological conditions in the region, in the late 1970s, that made it more vulnerable to the illegal economy. At the same time as international demand for illegal cocaine was expanding, two conditions resulting from frustrated state development plans came together: an enclave of poor peasants who were not self-sufficient and a natural environment impoverished by soil degradation and intensive deforestation, paradoxically not suitable for any crop except coca.

Regulatory potential of legal culture and legal awareness of modern Ukrainian society

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Roman Zvarych ◽  
Tetyana Polishchuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Regulatory Potential ◽  
Ukrainian Society

Goal. The purpose of the work is a comprehensive analysis of the main problems of the regulatory potential of legal culture and legal awareness of the individual and its implementation in modern Ukrainian society. Method. The study used a set of theoretical methods of scientific knowledge, in particular: the method of scientific analysis; system-structural; historical and legal; axiological; comparative law; formal-legal and method of generalization. Results. In the course of the research it was proved that the modern philosophy of realization of regulatory potential of legal culture and legal consciousness should consist in strengthening of humanizing character of regulatory influence, be directed not on authoritarian authoritarian, imperative attribution, authorizing, binding types of legal regulations that authoritatively guide the actions, behavior of people and are seen as omnipotent universal mechanisms for solving problems of social life, and to create conditions for the realization of freedom, human potential, its legal status, social activity, creativity and initiative , which, of course, must be implemented on the basis of social, legal and moral norms enshrined in society. Scientific novelty. According to the results of the study, the new conceptual foundations of the regulatory potential of legal culture and legal awareness should be aimed at creating conditions for identifying deep dimensions of the inner world of man, his individual legal worldview, which allows him to become the creator of social and legal reality. Practical significance. The results of the research can be useful in the process of forming a general theoretical concept of the regulatory potential of legal culture and legal consciousness of modern Ukrainian society.

scholarly journals CONCERNING THE COMPLIANCE OF THE LEGISLATION OF UKRAINE ON CRIMINAL LIABILITY IN THE SPHERE OF ILLEGAL DRUG TRAFFICKING WITH INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY LEGAL ACTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Andriy Danylevskyi ◽  
◽  
Yuliya Danylevska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Psychotropic Substances ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
The World ◽  
Criminal Legislation

The public danger of illegal drug trafficking, drug addiction and related phenomena is obvious; therefore the world community is making significant efforts to counter these phenomena, because only through joint efforts it is possible to ensure an effective counteraction to drug trafficking. For this purpose, states adopt a significant number of international normative legal acts. The issues of countering the illegal drug trafficking, psychotropic substances, their analogues and precursors are considered both within the framework of general documents on combating crime, and in special acts. Taking into account the European integration course of Ukraine, the expansion of international cooperation in the sphere of combating the illegal drug trafficking drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues and precursors, the following issues should be marked as ones of great importance: observance by Ukraine of its international legal obligations; integration into the world system of counteracting drug trafficking; bringing national legislation in line with the provisions of international regulatory legal acts. This article is devoted to the outlined questions. In particular, the provisions of the national legislation in the sphere of illegal drug trafficking, psychotropic substances, their analogues and precursors are analyzed, and the compliance of domestic norms with international regulatory legal acts in the sphere of combating illegal drug trafficking is concluded. The classification of international regulatory legal acts in the sphere of illegal drug trafficking in dependence to the authority that issued them is given. On the basis of the conducted analysis, the author suggests ways to further improvement of the domestic criminal legislation in the sphere of combating drug trafficking. In particular, it is proposed to criminalize the sowing and cultivation of any kind of narcotic drugs, as well as to partially revise the punishment for certain drug crimes.

scholarly journals Liability in the field of digital payment systems and cryptocurrencies: mission is (im)possible?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (42) ◽  
pp. 186-195
Author(s):  
Liydmyla Panova ◽  
Siuzanna Tsurkanu ◽  
Oleh Synieokyi ◽  
Zoriana Dilna ◽  
Ivan Prymachenko
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Electronic Payment ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
System Method ◽  
International Comparative

An electronic payment system is a system of settlements between different organizations and Internet users when buying or selling goods or services over the Internet. The relevance of the research topic is that electronic payment systems are used widely at the present stage of the development of society. This area has not escaped criminal activity. Penalties for digital payment systems and cryptocurrencies should be commensurate with the level of damage caused. The article analyzes the international legal establishing liability for this type of crime. At the instant, it remains an open question for further study of the legal status of cryptocurrency in different countries and the settlement of penalties for violations in the field of digital payment systems and cryptocurrency. Research methods: comparison, observation, analysis, synthesis, analogy, the system method, generalization method, and formal-legal method. According to the results of the study, the international comparative aspect of the types of liability for offenses in the field of digital payment systems was analyzed; the issue of criminal liability for offenses in the field of digital payment systems and cryptocurrencies, as a key punishment for these actions; identified means of protection of payment systems; the issue of legal regulation of cryptocurrency in different countries.

Effective Communication with Hand Gesture Recognition Using Voice Over and Crime Detection System for Disabled People

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4934-4937
Author(s):  
Anitha Ponraj ◽  
Derangula Ajay Babu ◽  
Dasari Jagadish ◽  
R. Aroul Canessane ◽  
M. S. Roobini
Keyword(s):  
Gesture Recognition ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Current System ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Effective Communication ◽  
Hand Gesture ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Hand Motion ◽  
Crime Detection

The Hand motions are the most well-known types of correspondence and have extraordinary significance in our reality. They can help in building sheltered and agreeable UIs for a large number of uses. In the current system, we have to speak with the Deaf and moronic individuals utilizing Deaf and idiotic language just, there is no programmed device to change over that into sound arrangement. In the Proposed system, Hand motions are the most widely recognized types of correspondence and have incredible significance reality. It is used to build protected and agreeable UIs for huge number of uses. Various types of calculations have utilized on camera for hand motion acknowledgment, yet hearty implementation on motions from different subjects is as yet testing. In the Modification, We convey Hand motion acknowledgment alongside Criminal stance additionally to distinguish and anticipate any criminal activities by any client. So this application is utilized for Deaf and idiotic correspondence and voice over and well criminal activity discovery utilizing matlab.

scholarly journals Voices From Among the “Silent Masses”: Humble Petitions and Social Conflicts in Early Modern Central Europe

2001 ◽  
Vol 46 (S9) ◽  
pp. 11-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Würgler
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Social Protest ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
The People ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
The Masses

Social historians have quite frequently referred to the “silent masses” in history. They have thereby hinted at the problem that most preserved documents derive from a tiny elite. The great majority of the people, being illiterate, only very rarely left private letters, diaries, autobiographies and testaments, or official acts, charters, statistics, and reports. Besides the source problem, this view reflected concerns of structuralism and Marxism, both very fashionable among social historians up to the 1970s, who related the masses' interests to socioeconomic conditions. Ordinary people thus appeared rather as objects of economic structures than as subjects of historical processes. Though some German-speaking social historians integrated the anthropological category of “experience” into their studies in the 1980s, they assumed that ordinary people had interests in, and experiences of, but still no influence on historical processes. Merely local and reactive early modern social protest thus remained historically unimportant – in sharp contrast to the nineteenth-century working class movement. During the 1990s, studies of social conflict focused on the concept of agency and discussed the influence historical actors had on processes such as modernization.

scholarly journals Categorical and Vague Claims that Criminal Activity is Afoot

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-580
Author(s):  
Andrew Dammann
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
City Councils ◽  
Stop And Frisk ◽  
Reasonable Suspicion ◽  
Mere Presence ◽  
The Law ◽  
High Crime ◽  
Police Commissioner

In Illinois v. Wardlow, the Supreme Court announced that mere presence in a high-crime area is a constitutionally significant factor for deciding if there is the necessary reasonable suspicion that criminal activity is afoot in order to justify a stop and frisk. Relying in part on the constitutional significance Wardlow attached to the vague term high-crime area, New York instituted an aggressive stop-and-frisk policy to combat crime and make New York a safer city. New York was sued under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 in Floyd v. City of New York. New York’s appeal was dropped when new mayor Bill de Blasio agreed to the remedies outlined in the Floyd opinion. At the press conference where Mayor de Blasio announced the settlement that dropped the appeal, Police Commissioner William Bratton said, “[W]e will not break the law to enforce the law.” This Article asserts that enforcing the law without breaking it becomes impossibly problematic when the law is as uncertain as it is with high-crime areas. This Article begins with a critique of the uncertainty created by attaching constitutional significance to high-crime areas without defining or describing what a high-crime area is. The Article urges city councils and other appropriate legislatures to designate which areas are high-crime areas. It argues that such a designation would foreclose the difficult problem of municipal liability that Judge Scheindlin grappled with in Floyd, that legislative designations of high-crime areas square with Fourth Amendment principles, and that legislatures, not executive auxiliaries like police departments, are the proper governmental bodies to make that designation.

scholarly journals PREVENTION AND ERADICATION OF DRUG TRAFFICKING IN INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endeh Suhartini ◽  
Martin Roestamy ◽  
Ani Yumarni
Keyword(s):  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Legal Issue ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
The Family ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
International Boundaries ◽  
International Social

Many countries including Indonesia have concerned about the increase of drug trafficking. Currently Indonesia has been in the situation where there is an “Emergency on Drugs Trafficking”. Lot of efforts to solve and prevent the growth of drug trafficking has been done to save young generation. Criminal Acts on Drugs which have been spread out need to be cut off because the drug trafficking has happened nationally and even has crossed international boundaries. The Aims of this research are to identify and analyses necessary actions to prevent and solve the drug trafficking. Then, to find an ultimate solution in handling arising obstacles within such prevention and eradication of drug trafficking in Indonesia. This research uses a juridical normative approach method which reviews theories, concepts, legal principals, and prevailing rules and regulations. Moreover, it also applies an empirical approach as supporting study to gain more factual data.In conclusion, illegal drug trafficking has become both national and international social issue and even a legal issue in society. Certain legal actions are required to take to prevent and solve the drug trafficking in Indonesia, which one of them is by rules and regulations. Law Number 35 of 2009 regarding Drugs is a legal basis for the prevention and eradication of drug trafficking in Indonesia.The research limitation is focus on increasing and preventing drugs should be supported by all parties of the family, community and government.Drugs is an international and national case that is difficult to overcome considering their networks are hidden and require special skills where necessary national and international cooperation so that drug circulation can be overcome quickly

scholarly journals CRIMINAL POLICY OF RUSSIA IN THE SPHERE OF COMBATING ILLEGAL DRUG TRAFFICKING (from the 70's to the present day)

2018 ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Alexey Vitalievich Sumachev
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Criminal Legislation

The article describes the formation and development of the institution of criminal liability for crimes related to drug trafficking in the domestic criminal legislation. Based on the analysis of changes in the criminal law in the regulation of social relations in the field of drug trafficking, an attempt is made to trace the process of formation of a modern criminal law concept of combating their illegal trafficking

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