scholarly journals The aridization effect on the characteristics of the substrate and biotopic distribution of fungi species of the Polyporus s.l. genus in the southeast of Western Siberia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Aleksandrovich Vlasenko ◽  
Anastasiya Vladimirovna Vlasenko ◽  
Dejidmaa Turmunkh
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Biotopic Distribution ◽  
Anthropogenic Habitats ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Steppe Communities ◽  
Substrate Specialization ◽  
Mountain Systems

The paper deals with the features of substrate and biotopic distribution of fungi species of the Polyporus s.l. genus in the southeast of Western Siberia. Most species have a wide range of substrates represented by various species of woody plants. The most widespread and common species are able to develop a wide range of substrates. Rare species are distinguished by a narrow substrate spectrum. For a rare species P . rhizophilus , adapted to exist in the conditions of subarid regions, found only in steppe biome communities, steppe grasses ( Stipa , Festuca ) are the only substrate. Most species grow on deciduous wood, only some species can grow on conifers, and only the taiga species P. tubaeformis develops exclusively on conifers in mountainous regions. Fungi substrates are represented by 11 species of angiosperms, 3 species of gymnosperms and steppe grasses. Most species are common in numerous communities; all of them are characterized by a high frequency of occurrence and colonize a wide range of substrates. Biotopically narrowly specialized species are few in number; they are characterized by narrow substrate specialization. In anthropogenic habitats, 6 species out of 14 growing in natural communities were recorded. On the plain territory, 10 species of the genus Polyporus were identified, while 14 species were found in mountain systems, since mountain humid areas contain the largest spectrum of substrates for fungi. The greatest diversity of Polyporus species is recorded in dark coniferous forests, among which the number of species is dominated by black aspen-fir forests. With an increase in aridization and a change in plant communities, rare relict mountain taiga, nemoral and typical taiga species are eliminated. The smallest number of Polyporus species is found in the steppe communities of subarid regions.

scholarly journals Patterns of rare moss diversity and distribution in Alberta

Botany ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Belland ◽  
Richard T. Caners
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Mountain Landscape ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Species Groups

Rare moss diversity and distribution patterns are described for the province of Alberta. Multivariate analyses are used to elucidate the distribution patterns of the rare mosses in relation to environmental factors, in comparison with those of the common mosses. Hierarchical clustering of species occurrence among Alberta ecoregions resulted in eleven species groups having similar distributions and four ecoregion groups with similar species composition. Rare and common mosses show comparable distributions at the geographic scale of ecoregions; the analyses did not provide support that rare mosses respond to environment factors differently than common mosses. The rare mosses are more narrowly distributed among the species and ecoregion groups than are common species. The most important environmental variables determining species distributions are mean annual temperature and growing degree days. Other important factors determining moss distribution are mean elevation, annual rainfall, and mountain landscape. Diversity patterns are shown to vary widely among the ecoregions and to differ between rare and common species. Rare species are especially diverse in the Rocky Mountains, which support 81% of the province’s known rare moss flora and reflect a complex of diverse landscapes for moss colonization. Only 40% of known rare species in Alberta are found in non-mountainous regions.

To morphology, ecology and distribution of rare species Sellaphora hustedtii (Krasske) Lange-Bertalot et Werum (Bacillariophyta) from waterbodies of the Gydan Peninsula

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Genkal ◽  
M. I. Jarushina
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Scanning Electron

A rare species Sellaphora hustedtii, which is also new for the flora of Russia, has been found in waterbodies of the Messoyakha River basin (south-western part of the Gydan Peninsula, Western Siberia). The scanning electron microscopy study revealed variability of the main quantitative and qualitative diagnostic features of the species (length and width of the valve, number of striae and areolae in 10 μm, shape of the valve and structure of the raphe). New data on the ecology and distribution of the species allowed us to specify its diagnosis.

First data on plasmodial slime moulds (Myxomycetes = Myxogastrea) of Rdeysky Nature Reserve (Novgorod Region, Russia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-377
Author(s):  
N. I. Borzov ◽  
F. M. Bortnikov ◽  
A. V. Matveev ◽  
V. I. Gmoshinskiy
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Slime Moulds ◽  
State Nature Reserve ◽  
Plasmodial Slime Moulds ◽  
State Nature

The results of the first study of the species diversity of myxomycetes of the Rdeysky State Nature Reserve are presented. The 201 field specimens of sporophores belonging to 56 morphospecies from 27 genera, ten families, and six orders were collected from September 30 to October 5, 2020. Fifty-two species of these were new for the Novgorod Region. The most common species at the reserve were Arcyria affinis, Hemitrichia calyculata, Lycogala epidendrum, Metatrichia vesparia, Physarum album, Trichia decipiens, and T. varia. Additionally, detailed morphological descriptions of two rare species Amaurochaete trechispora and Trichia crateriformis are given.

On the species independence of Carlina cirsioides Klokov (Asteraceae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-212
Author(s):  
Viktor Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Red Data Book ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Steppe Communities ◽  
Data Book

The systematic position and modern state of populations of the rare species of Ukrainian flora Carlina cirsioides Klokov (Asteraceae) are considered. Since this species is included into the Red Data Book of Ukraine (2009) and the European List of Globally Threatened Animals and Plants (1991), it is well-known for European botanists as an endemic of the Ukrainian flora. However, neither the authors of Flora Europaea (1976), nor monographers of the genus Carlina recognize Carlina cirsioides as a separate species. Comparative morphological, chorological, and coenotic analyzes does not allow Carlina cirsioides to be considered as a separate species, endemic and relic of the Ukrainian flora. According to morphological features, specimens from the plains of Ukraine are referred to the subspecies Carlina acaulis caulescens, which is distributed mainly in plain regions of Europe. Ecological and coenotic conditions of habitats of Carlina acaulis in the lowland part of Ukraine are different from its habitats in the Carpathians and Alps and are close to xerotherme grass communities with Carlina acaulis of plains of Central Europe. Steppe communities of Festuco-Brometea class with Carlina acaulis in the Volhynian-Podolian Upland are similar to xerotherme communities with Carlina acaulis of Central Europe. Erico-Pinetea class communities are common habitats for Carlina acaulis in the Ukrainian Polissia and north-eastern Poland. Lowering the species status of Carlina cirsioides from separate species to subspecies Carlina acaulis caulescens does not diminish its phytosozological value. Due to the low number of Carlina acaulis populations in the Volhynian-Podolian Upland and Polissia, all localities of this species in the lowland part of Ukraine need to be provided by protection.

scholarly journals Locally rare species influence grassland ecosystem multifunctionality

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1694) ◽  
pp. 20150269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Soliveres ◽  
Peter Manning ◽  
Daniel Prati ◽  
Martin M. Gossner ◽  
Fabian Alt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ecosystem Multifunctionality

Species diversity promotes the delivery of multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality). However, the relative functional importance of rare and common species in driving the biodiversity–multifunctionality relationship remains unknown. We studied the relationship between the diversity of rare and common species (according to their local abundances and across nine different trophic groups), and multifunctionality indices derived from 14 ecosystem functions on 150 grasslands across a land-use intensity (LUI) gradient. The diversity of above- and below-ground rare species had opposite effects, with rare above-ground species being associated with high levels of multifunctionality, probably because their effects on different functions did not trade off against each other. Conversely, common species were only related to average, not high, levels of multifunctionality, and their functional effects declined with LUI. Apart from the community-level effects of diversity, we found significant positive associations between the abundance of individual species and multifunctionality in 6% of the species tested. Species-specific functional effects were best predicted by their response to LUI: species that declined in abundance with land use intensification were those associated with higher levels of multifunctionality. Our results highlight the importance of rare species for ecosystem multifunctionality and help guiding future conservation priorities.

scholarly journals Ecology of sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a restricted focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis en Northern Venezuela: I. Description of the study area, catching methods and species composition

1987 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dora Feliciangeli
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandfly ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies ◽  
The Common ◽  
Catching Methods

A study on the ecology of phlebotomine sandfly fauna in a restricted focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in northern Venezuela was undertaken in order to investigate the species responsible for the transmission. The study area and catching methods for phlebotomine sandflies are described. A total of 9,061 females and 1,662 males were collected during a year-term study. 12 species of Lutzomya and 1 species of Brumptomya sp. were identified. Absolute and relative abundance and ocurrence for each species were determined. The rel ative occurrence allowed to distinguish the common species, viz. L. panamensis, L. ovallesi, L. gomezi, L. tinidadensis, L. atroclavata, L. cayennensis, L. shannoni and L. olmeca bicolor from the rare species vis., L. punctigeniculata, L. rangeliana, L. evansi and L. dubitans. General comments on the species composition of the sandfly fauna in this locality are made.

scholarly journals Subgrid snow depth coefficient of variation spanning alpine to sub-alpine mountainous terrain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham A. Sexstone ◽  
Steven R. Fassnacht ◽  
Juan I. López-Moreno ◽  
Christopher A. Hiemstra
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Snow Depth ◽  
Mountainous Terrain ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Scale Modeling ◽  
Roughness Elements ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Performance Statistics ◽  
Snowpack Properties

Given the substantial variability of snow in complex mountainous terrain, a considerable challenge of coarse scale modeling applications is accurately representing the subgrid variability of snowpack properties. The snow depth coefficient of variation (CVds) is a useful metric for characterizing subgrid snow distributions but has not been well defined by a parameterization for mountainous environments. This study utilizes lidar-derived snow depth datasets spanning alpine to sub-alpine mountainous terrain in Colorado, USA to evaluate the variability of subgrid snow distributions within a grid size comparable to a 1000 m resolution common for hydrologic and land surface models. The subgrid CVds exhibited a wide range of variability across the 321 km2 study area (0.15 to 2.74) and was significantly greater in alpine areas compared to subalpine areas. Mean snow depth was the dominant driver of CVds variability in both alpine and subalpine areas, as CVds decreased nonlinearly with increasing snow depths. This negative correlation is attributed to the static size of roughness elements (topography and canopy) that strongly influence seasonal snow variability. Subgrid CVds was also strongly related to topography and forest variables; important drivers of CVds included the subgrid variability of terrain exposure to wind in alpine areas and the mean and variability of forest metrics in subalpine areas. Two statistical models were developed (alpine and subalpine) for predicting subgrid CVds that show reasonable performance statistics. The methodology presented here can be used for characterizing the variability of CVds in snow-dominated mountainous regions, and highlights the utility of using lidar-derived snow datasets for improving model representations of snow processes.

Anthropogenic climate change detected in natural and human systems of the world’s mountains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Huggel ◽  
Simon K. Allen ◽  
Indra D. Bhatt ◽  
Rithodi Chakraborty ◽  
Fabian Drenkhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Anthropogenic Climate Change ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mountain Systems ◽  
Human Systems

<p>Mountains cover about a quarter of the Earth’s land surface and are home to or serve a substantial fraction of the global population with essential ecosystem services, in particular water, food, energy, and recreation. While mountain systems are expected to be highly exposed to climate change, we currently lack a comprehensive global picture of the extent to which environmental and human systems in mountain regions have been affected by recent anthropogenic climate change.</p><p>Here we undertake an unprecedented effort to detect observed impacts of climate change in mountains regions across all continents. We follow the approach implemented in the IPCC 5<sup>th</sup> Assessment Report (AR5) and follow-up research where we consider whether a natural or human system has changed beyond its baseline behavior in the absence of climate change, and then attribute the observed change to different drivers, including anthropogenic climate change. We apply an extensive review of peer-reviewed and grey literature and identify more than 300 samples of impacts (aggregate and case studies). We show that a wide range of natural and human systems in mountains have been affected by climate change, including the cryosphere, the water cycle and water resources, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, energy production, infrastructure, agriculture, health, migration, tourism, community and cultural values and disasters. Our assessment documents that climate change impacts are observed in mountain regions on all continents. However, the explicit distinction of different drivers contributing to or determining an observed change is often highly challenging; particularly due to widespread data scarcity in mountain regions. In that context, we were also able to document a high amount of impacts in previously under-reported continents such as Africa and South America. In particular, we have been able to include a substantial number of place-based insights from local/indigenous communities representing important alternative worldviews.</p><p>The role of human influence in observed climate changes is evaluated using data from multiple gridded observational climate products and global climate models. We find that anthropogenic climate change has a clear and discernable fingerprint in changing natural and human mountain systems across the globe. In the cryosphere, ecosystems, water resources and tourism the contribution of anthropogenic climate change to observed changes is significant, showing the sensitivity of these systems to current and future climate change. Furthermore, our analysis reveals the need to consider the plurality of knowledge systems through which climate change impacts are being understood in mountain regions. Such attempts at inclusivity, which addresses issues of representation and justice, should be deemed necessary in exploring climate change impacts.</p>

The Biology of Schistomysis Kervillei [Crustacea, Mysidacea]

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mauchline
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
North West ◽  
Summer Generation

Schistomysis kervillei (G. O. Sars) is a common species in Loch Ewe, Gairloch and Gruinard Bay in north-west Scotland and a rare species in the Firth of Clyde. It breeds throughout the year but most intensely in the spring and summer, to produce a spring and summer generation of young. The maximum number of young found in a marsupium was 47. The species is omnivorous. Its biology is briefly compared with that of S. spiritus (Norman) and S. ornata (G. O. Sars).

Interferons in the treatment of human cancer.

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Kirkwood ◽  
M S Ernstoff
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Current Phase ◽  
Recombinant Dna Technology ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Wide Range

The interferons are the best known of biologic antineoplastic agents. Progress with the clinical application of interferons to cancer has been slow and complicated by the need for attention to a new spectrum of therapeutic and toxic effects manifest by the interferons. This summary of current phase I and II trial results with the interferons establishes their clinical potential. The maximally tolerated dosages of the most common species of interferon alpha produced in eukaryotic cells as well as by recombinant DNA technology in bacteria are now described in a variety of different disease states. "Naturally" produced eukaryotic as well as bacterially synthesized interferons have a similar, wide range of biologic effects in vitro and in vivo. Antiviral, antiproliferative, immunologic, and enzymologic functions of the interferons relevant to antineoplastic functions are under study. Knowledge of these mechanisms should improve the clinical results obtained in human cancer. Species and subspecies differences in the activity of interferons may lead to selective use of the pure interferon subspecies, alone or in combination. The use of the interferons and other antineoplastic biologics, such as antibody or chemotherapy, are subsequent goals that are now on the horizon.

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