Artistic features of Russian TV serials about the Great Patriotic War

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-152
Author(s):  
Ksenia A. Shergova ◽  
Aleksey B. Muradov
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
War Films ◽  
The Public ◽  
Security Services ◽  
New Public ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Tv Shows ◽  
Post War

The essay represents the first effort to explore the artistic methods employed in the TV series about World War II (the Great Patriotic War) and analyzes four multi-episode TV shows released in 2004. In its own way, each of these series responded to the new public interest in the less known aspects of the war. Simultaneously, each of them established a dialogue with the previous cinematic and TV productions, comprising direct reminiscences to earlier films, objectivizing the audience expectations formed by earlier productions, or even arguing with them. This dialogic trend should be considered as part of the postmodernist framework of contemporary television: reminiscences of popular post-war films or literal or visual citations from these films become an integral part of contemporary cinema and television and also act as documentary-like reference points. In all reviewed cases, the authors emphasize adventure narratives well suited for TV presentation and rendered even more spectacular by modern visualization technologies. The producers are confronted with a contradiction between the chosen historical context and imaginary plotlines: it is quite difficult to put the series characters within the imaginary space, depriving them of the well-known facts, especially those propagated in earlier film and TV productions. Inevitably, each plot is aggressively influenced by the tragedy of the little man, in which the place of the enemy occupied in the Soviet tradition by the Gestapo and the Abwehr is replaced by the repressive Soviet state security services. Even a decade after its release, Shtrafbat (The Penal Battalion) plays a major role in the public and professional discussion on the ethics of war-related films and television series. Meanwhile, At a Nameless Height, a series which contains even more reminiscences to Soviet film and television productions, should be regarded as one of the earliest works in which the sense of authenticity was sacrificed to the imaginary expectations of the viewers expectations formed by the Soviet historical and cultural framing.

scholarly journals Marginalization and social exclusion of Evangelical Masurians and Germans: The case of post-war Ełk County

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Michał Marcinkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Post War

The article presents the post-war history of Evangelical population: Germans and Masurians in Ełk county.  For this purpose, archival sources and biographical interviews were used. Interviews with the inhabitants of the county were collected as part of two oral history projects carried out by the "Museum for Ełk" Association in 2013-2015.The historical context is complemented by the available literature. One third of post-war Poland consisted of the territories being the part the Third Reich before the World War II, where a considerable part of population were Germans. Masurians formed a borderland group that became the reason of conflict between the Polish and the German. In the first half of the 20th century, both as a result of the nationalistic discourse and the assimilation pressure, most of them declared to maintain German identity. After the war, Masurians were present  in the public space of Ełk county as a minority group. There was the inflow of  population of the eastern territories of the Second Republic of Poland and people from central Poland. The small Evangelical church in Ełk in Słowackiego street was often filled with the faithful.  Numerous processes and phenomena of  social marginalization, exclusion and displacements resulted in nearly entire disintegration of Masurian and Evangelical community.  The number of the faithful in Evangelical community proves it- there are nearly 150 people and only few of them feel Masurian origin. In the post-war vision of future Poland nationally and religiously homogenous state was believed to be an ideal solution.

The Great Patrionic War 1941–1945: Literature and History

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
World War ◽  
War Poetry ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Soviet Academy ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Post War

In the collective monography the actual problem of contemporary perception of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945 is considered – both in Russian literature, literature of the peoples of Russian Federation and in literatures of foreign countries. The authors’ attention is focused on the most characteristic features and the main trends in interpretation of military topics in a broad chronological framework: they cover not only the years of World War II, but also the pre-war and post-war peri- ods. The book touches upon such important issues as the attitude of A.M. Gorky to the war, the role of writers who became front-line correspondents, their diaries, notebooks and memoirs as primary sources of literary works. The features of the interpretation of military theme in Russian émigré literature, the attitude of Russian émigré writers to fascism, their participation in French Resistance movement are analyzed. There are also articles devoted to perception of the experience of World War II and its consequences in literatures of foreign countries. The subject of articles covers not only individual works, but also affects the sources and textual aspects of the study of the problems under discussion. It includes a comparative analysis of archival materials and features of their reflection in war poetry and prose. A large number of previously unknown documents is introduced into scientific circulation. Here lies the novelty of the collective monography and its main difference from the previously published works on military theme in literature. The authors analyzed the manuscripts from various archives: of A.M. Gorky, A.P. Platonov, A.N. Tolstoy, IMLI RAN, FSB, materials of the Soviet Academy of Sciences Commission on His- tory of the Great Patriotic war. The book includes five parts. This division is due to desire to reflect the diversity of genres in literature devoted to the war, its importance in contemporary historical context, its international character and how the theme of war analyzed by literary critics from different countries. In some articles the prose of war participants is analyzed, at the same time its originality, documentary character, aspiration to epic meaning is noted. Generally speaking, this book touches on the problem of contem- porary understanding of the events of war in literature in comparison with how this topic was interpreted earlier.

scholarly journals Human in the world of culture: the great patriotic war in the historical and cultural heritage of northeast of Russia (on the example of Yakutia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 03009
Author(s):  
Saassylana Sivtseva ◽  
Olga Parfenova
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
World War ◽  
Public Places ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Architectural Structures ◽  
Human Losses

The historical and cultural heritage, expressed in monuments, architectural structures, dedicated to the Great Patriotic War, today is significant. The purpose of the article is to determine the role of society in perpetuating the memory of the Great Patriotic War. The authors conclude that the events of World War II find a lively response from the public. At the same time, new tendencies in commemorative practices are traced - tragic pages of history that until recently were “uncomfortable” (and in Soviet times banned for research), such as human losses, extremely high mortality of the civilian population from hunger, forcibly transferred to special settlements, - began to be reflected in the construction of monuments, memorable places. The location of these monuments is specific - they were erected at a certain distance from public places, at the territories of churches (victims of famine, victims of political repressions), which is associated with the predicted ambiguity of their perception.

scholarly journals Vasiljevic’s collections of folk melodies: A Serbian musical treasure

Muzikologija ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 171-198
Author(s):  
Sanja Radinovic
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
Field Worker ◽  
Great Productivity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Full Sense ◽  
Available Technology ◽  
Post War

Miodrag A. Vasiljevic (1903-1963) was given a unique opportunity to span two great developmental stages in the history of Serbian ethnomusicology, occurring in the middle of the 20th century. The first of them was between the two World Wars, the stage in which Serbian musical folklore became Vasiljevic?s life passion and in which he accomplished his early professional achievements. In the next stage, which started after World War II, he reached the zenith of his creation in slightly less than twenty years, setting new standards of the discipline, and providing fundamental directions for his successors, thereby immeasurably enlarging the corpus of collected material. Due all of these revolutionary innovations from the post-war period, Vasiljevic is rightly considered to be not only the founder of modern Serbian ethnomusicology, but also the first person in Serbia worthy of being called an ethnomusicologist in the full sense of the word. Of the numerous results by which Vasiljevic permanently indebted his people, the most pronounced does not belong to the category of pioneering endeavours, but is manifested in his melographic opus - an achievement which even today has not been surpassed in Serbia in terms of its span, scope and value. Such great productivity in recording resulted from the fact that Vasiljevic had been devoted to melography from his childhood, and most intensely from 1932 to the end of his life. The exact number of examples which Vasiljevic transcribed directly in the field before 1951 and those which he recorded on a tape-recorder after that time is still unknown, since many of them are still unavailable to the public, but it can be assumed that there are several thousand melodies in total. Among them are 3,198 which have already been published. That precious corpus of Vasiljevic?s available material is contained in twelve collections (the largest number ever regarding any collector in Serbia so far), issued from 1950 to 2009. The first four collections offer comprehensive material from Kosmet, Sandzak, Macedonia and the region of Leskovac, and they were edited by Vasiljevic himself during the last ten years of his life or so. Posthumous publications were devoted to Montenegro, Vojvodina, Resava and various parts of central Serbia, as well as to the repertoires of the famous singer Hamdija Sahinpasic (1914/16-2003) from Sandzak, and gypsy female singer Malika Jeminovic Kostana (1872?-1945) from the vicinity of Vranje. Until now there have still not been any comprehensive studies on Vasiljevic?s ethnomusicological activity, although there are valuable articles. In these, Vasiljevic?s melographic contribution is usually emphasised much more than his scientific one, which is much more modest in its scope. Since the existing writings mostly deal with collections published during his life, this paper results from the intention to give a complete picture of the material, so all Vasiljevic?s collections were critically considered according to the chronology of their publication. Each of the publications emerged to witness to both Vasiljevic as a field worker and to some of the important stages of his own ethnomusicological development. The last part of the text focuses on the fact that a decline in production of ethnomusicological collection publications has been evident in Serbia over the last few decades. Nowadays, this negative trend is conditioned by two key reasons. One is the perfected and easily available technology of digital audio recording and the copying of sound recordings. The second is reflected in the general developmental orientation of the discipline.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
Mary-Elizabeth B. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
City Council ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
Racial Justice ◽  
The Public ◽  
Black Freedom ◽  
Post War

The Conclusion discusses how, after World War II, black women and men in Washington, D.C. achieved important victories in the struggle for racial justice in their city, including the end to racial segregation, desegregation of the public schools, voting rights, and the restoration of Home Rule through the election of mayor and city council. However, Washington, D.C. is not a state, and members of Congress can still use the nation’s capital as a political pawn and deny democracy to its residents. Black women in the nation’s capital put their stamp on post-war movements for justice, including black freedom, feminism, welfare rights, Black Lives Matter, and Say Her Name. Black women’s prescient visions for economic justice, safety from violence, and legal equality remain more relevant than ever before.

Churchill, women and the politics of gender

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Toye
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
The Political ◽  
Woman Question ◽  
World War ◽  
Equal Pay ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Post War

This chapter investigates how Churchill related to women at the political level, and how women voters in turn related to him. Churchill had a blurred Conservative-Liberal identity, and this affected his approach to ‘the woman question’. Hostile to female enfranchisement at the start of his career, he became a reluctant convert during his Edwardian Liberal phase, provided that it could be done in such a way as to benefit his own party electorally. As a renegade Tory during the 1930s he drew on the services of a range of female anti-appeasers such as Shiela Grant Duff. During World War II, however, he controversially opposed equal pay for women teachers. It is well-established that, in the post-war years, the Conservative Party benefitted from its gendered approach to rationing and austerity, Churchill himself did little to appeal explicitly to women voters. Although he did accept a role for a limited number of ‘exceptional’ women in the public sphere, he was never an enthusiast for substantive gender equality.

Walter Greenwood's 'Love on the Dole'

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Nineteen Thirties ◽  
Public Response ◽  
The Public ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
British Cinema ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
First Time

Love on the Dole (1933) is the best-remembered novel about the unemployed during the Depression, and has never been out of print. Its working-class author, Walter Greenwood, went overnight from being unemployed in Salford to being a best-selling writer. The novel’s impact was increased by a play adaptation in 1935, and Greenwood proposed a film adaption in 1936, but the British Board of Film Censors pronounced the story too ‘sordid’ and depressing’ to be fit for British cinema audiences. The film had to wait until 1940 when the Ministry of Information allowed this story of pre-war economic and social failure to be filmed. Reviewers of all political persuasions regarded the film as one of the best British wartime productions – and all three versions of Love on the Dole were referred to frequently during wartime debate about how a reconstructed post-war society should make a repetition of the nineteen thirties impossible. This is the first book-length study of this important work. It explores in detail what made the novel so influential among thirties and forties readers, analyses the considerable differences between the novel, play and film versions and puts the public response to Love on the Dole back into its full historical context. The book also discusses for the first time Greenwood’s whole literary career and his continuing success until the nineteen sixties: he wrote a further ten novels as well as plays and non-fiction works, few of which have received recent critical attention.

scholarly journals Democracy and Populism. The Constitution of the Political Community in Early Post-War Hungary

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 37-55
Author(s):  
Máté Zombory
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Jewish Question ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Public ◽  
German Question ◽  
Post War ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Discursive Field

This article proposes to reconsider the relation between populism and democracy. Instead of taking democracy as a given, it will study populism in the context of democratization in a case study from a historical sociological perspective. The post-war and pre-Cold War historical context is analyzed here on the example of Hungary. First, I analyze the public debate on democracy in order to map out the discursive field in which the different political positions were taken. I show that the debate was about the legitimate definition of the political community, the demos. Second, I situate the political wing of the Hungarian populist movement in this discursive field. I establish that the position of the populists’ party did not differ considerably from the standpoint of the other participants: the basic populist claims and references were articulated as part of the problem of democracy. Third, I analyze the continuity of the populist tradition in the context of the post-war redefinition of the ethnoscape, that is, in relation to the “Jewish question” and the “German question”.

scholarly journals The Echo of War: The Issue of World War II Reparations and Occupation Loan in Contemporary Greece

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-180
Author(s):  
Anna Aleksandrova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Peace Treaty ◽  
World War ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
The Public ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Post War

In World War II Greece suffered immense devastation; aside from the damage itself, the country was forced to provide the Third Reich with an occupation loan. After the war, Athens claimed reparations and repayment of the loan, but not all such claims were settled. The final solution was postponed until the eventual reunification of Germany and the signing of a peace treaty. All attempts of Greek diplomats to address the issue were met with the position that the issue has already been resolved diplomatically and in legal terms. The simmering conflict gained new prominence during the financial and economic crisis of 2010s. Greek citizens, frustrated over the strict austerity policies, blamed not only their own government, but also the “troika” of creditors, which forced Greece to adopt such measures. Since the financial assistance program was developed largely by Germany, the Greek collective memory provided a number of vivid negative images connected to Germany, the Nazi crimes in particular. In the public space of Greece the issues of reparations and the occupation credit were constantly discussed, putting further strain on Greek-German relations. These attitudes among the Greek public were used by Greek politicians who strived to shift the blame for the ongoing crisis onto the Germany. Stereotypes of the past became a tool ofGreek populists. During the crisis the issue of post-war payments reached a new level, and a desire for historic justice was accompanied by the blamegame against Germany.

The erosion of public sector vaccine production: the case of the Netherlands

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Blume
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Vaccine Production ◽  
World War ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Vaccination Programme ◽  
Do So

A century ago, state institutes of public health played an important role in the production of sera and vaccines. In The Netherlands and the Scandinavian countries they continued to do so until after World War II. Focusing in particular on The Netherlands, this chapter examines their withdrawal from vaccine production in the past 20 years. In the 1980s the Dutch government was still committed to maintaining the state’s ability to produce the vaccines needed by the national vaccination programme. A series of legal and institutional changes sought to protect the public sector vaccine producer against the threat of privatisation. These changes ultimately proved inadequate. Not only was the Institute’s ability to meet demand for new vaccines being eroded by global developments, but policy makers were increasingly convinced that vaccination practices should be harmonised with those of other European countries. The decision to sell off the Dutch state’s vaccine production facilities, taken in 2009, has to be understood in historical context. It was the outcome of globalisation processes that for two decades had worked simultaneously on both the supply and the demand sides

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