All cancers incidence rates, total population, 2008

Background: Discoid meniscus epidemiology remains poorly defined for race and sex, in part, due to limitations of retrospective studies and small case series. A better understanding of epidemiology may improve clinical care and diagnostic precision. Purpose: Our purpose is to better define the epidemiology of discoid meniscus by analyzing a large, national database for incidence rates by sex and race. Methods: Analysis was conducted on the national-scale Clinformatics Data Mart Database by Optum. Proportions of the database’s racial categories (Asian, Black, Hispanic, White, and Unknown) in the total population of diagnosed discoid meniscus cases (n = 1,006) were calculated and compared via chi-squared tests to the total database population (n = 65,759,970). This analysis was repeated for the population of patients who received knee arthroscopies (81,205). Incidence rates were calculated from these populations as well. Finally, a multivariable logistic regression analysis based on the population of arthroscopy-receiving patients was performed to control for age, reported gender, and income. Results: Proportions of Asian, Black, Hispanic, and White racial categories in the discoid meniscus group were 5.7%, 7.3%, 20.6%, 66.4%, respectively; the proportions of each racial category in the total population were 5.2%, 10.3%, 13.5%, 71.0%, respectively. Incidence rates (per 10,000) for these groups in the arthroscopy population were 72.9, 25.6, 49.2, 25.6, respectively. Our logistic regression model indicated that race was not a statistically significant predictor for our dataset after income adjusting. Adjusting for other covariates, the odds of a discoid meniscus diagnosis decreased by 6% for each increase in age (p < 0.001) and were 41% lower for males compared to females (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Prior studies have suggested that race (Asian and Hispanic, is a predictor of higher incidence of discoid meniscus – this study did not show a difference in incidence based upon race. Patient sex and age was identified as significant predictors for discoid meniscus, and increasing age showed a decreasing incidence of this condition. This study’s analysis of a large, national claims database allows for a comprehensive epidemiological study on this topic, offering proportions and incidence rates by race appropriate for application to the US population. Its conclusions promote patient sex and age as significant predictors and question the beliefs on race-associated incidence often based on comparing results from the corpus of single-site cohort studies. Tables/Figures: [Table: see text]

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Estimation of HIV incidence in two Brazilian municipalities, 2013

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s1518-8787.2016050006310 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Célia Landmann Szwarcwald ◽

Orlando da Costa Ferreira Júnior ◽

Ana Maria de Brito ◽

Karin Regina Luhm ◽

Clea Elisa Lopes Ribeiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Population ◽

Hiv Infections ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Hiv Incidence ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Exposure Category ◽

Two Cities ◽

Population Subgroup ◽

Sex With Men ◽

Male To Female

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate HIV incidence in two Brazilian municipalities, Recife and Curitiba, in the year of 2013. METHODS The method for estimating incidence was based on primary information, resulting from the Lag-Avidity laboratory test for detection of recent HIV infections, applied in a sample of the cases diagnosed in the two cities in 2013. For the estimation of the HIV incidence for the total population of the cities, the recent infections detected in the research were annualized and weighted by the inverse of the probability of HIV testing in 2013 among the infected and not diagnosed cases. After estimating HIV incidence for the total population, the incidence rates were estimated by sex, age group, and exposure category. RESULTS In Recife, 902 individuals aged 13 years and older were diagnosed with HIV infection. From these, 528 were included in the study, and the estimated proportion of recent infections was 13.1%. In Curitiba, 1,013 people aged 13 years and older were diagnosed, 497 participated in the study, and the proportion of recent infections was 10.5%. In Recife, the estimated incidence rate was 53.1/100,000 inhabitants of 13 years and older, while in Curitiba, it was 41.1/100,000, with male-to-female ratio of 3.5 and 2.4, respectively. We observed high rates of HIV incidence among men who have sex with men, of 1.47% in Recife and 0.92% in Curitiba. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in the two cities showed that the group of men who have sex with men are disproportionately subject to a greater risk of new infections, and indicate that strategies to control the spread of the epidemic in this population subgroup are essential and urgent.

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The place behind the case: leptospirosis risks and associated environmental conditions in a flood-related outbreak in Rio de Janeiro

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0102-311x2001000700014 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 17 (suppl) ◽

pp. S59-S67 ◽

Cited By ~ 104

Author(s):

Christovam Barcellos ◽

Paulo Chagastelles Sabroza

Keyword(s):

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Total Population ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Western Region ◽

Risk Area ◽

Risk Areas ◽

Waste Accumulation

The environmental context in which a leptospirosis outbreak took place during the summer of 1996 in the Rio de Janeiro Western Region was examined by using spatial analysis of leptospirosis cases merged with socio-demographic data using Geographic Information System (GIS). Risk areas were mapped based on flood and solid waste accumulation information for the region. Incidence rates were calculated for each area by the division of number of cases per total population in the specific areas. Higher rates were observed for census tracts inside the flood risk area and in the vicinities of waste accumulation sites. These findings are in agreement with the expected risk of leptospirosis, evidencing the role of environmental and collective factors in the determination of the disease.

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Declining risk of ischemic heart disease over time in rheumatoid arthritis: 1821 patients from 1972 to 2017.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-789634/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Christian Lillebø Alsing ◽

Tone Wikene Nystad ◽

Jannicke Igland ◽

Clara Gram Gjesdal ◽

Helga Midtbø ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Heart Disease ◽

General Population ◽

Ischemic Heart Disease ◽

Total Population ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Ischemic Heart ◽

Time Period ◽

Annual Decline ◽

Over Time

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate trends of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients compared with the general population over time. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 1821 RA patients diagnosed from 1972 to 2013. The total population of the same county (Hordaland, Norway) and time period was used for comparison. Information on AMI and IHD events was obtained from hospital patient administrative systems or cardiovascular registries. We estimated incidence rates and standardized event ratios (SER) compared with the general population by Poisson regression.Results: There was an average annual decline of 1.6% in age- and sex-adjusted AMI incidence rates from 1972 to 2017 (incidence rate ratio 0.984, 95% CI 0.971–0.998). Excess events in RA patients compared with the general population declined on average 1.3% per year for AMI and 2.3% for IHD from 1972 to 2014. The total RA cohort had 49% (SER 1.49, 95% CI 1.30–1.69) more AMI events and 63% (SER 1.63, 95% CI 1.52–1.74) more IHD events compared with the general population. There were no significant excess AMI and IHD events for RA patients diagnosed after 1998 compared with the general population.Conclusion: Incidence rates and excess events of AMI and IHD in RA patients declined from 1972 to 2017. There were no excess AMI or IHD events in RA patients diagnosed after 1998 compared with the general population.

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Prevalence of pemphigus incidence in the Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat: a cross-sectional study

International Journal of Research in Dermatology ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20175368 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 478 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Devendra Parmar ◽

Keyur J. Patel

Keyword(s):

Total Population ◽

Geographic Area ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Original Research ◽

Pemphigus Foliaceus ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mucous Membranes ◽

One Year

Background: Pemphigus is a group of rare skin disorders that cause blisters and sores on the skin or mucous membranes, such as in the mouth or on the genitals. In Brazil, the prevalence of the disorder is 3.4% in regions such as the Amerindian reservation of Limão Verde and approximately 15,000 patients are known to have pemphigus foliaceus. This prompted us to conduct a study to estimate the incidence of pemphigus in the central Bhuj district of the state of Gujarat in India.Methods: The present study was planned and conducted between January 2016 to December 2016. The entire team of dermatologists licensed in the district were included in the study and full efforts were made to reach out to them. All the participating dermatologists were asked to fill up a simple perform prepared by the experts in the field. The Performa included the details like date, investigations required for pemphigus, diagnosis based for pemphigus.Results: The total population of Bhuj district is estimated to be 5 millions. At the end of the study period that is one year, all the collected performa from the licensed dermatologist were evaluated and results were prepared accordingly. A total of 24 patients who fulfilled all the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Conclusions: This original research proves that the incidence of pemphigus in Bhuj district was 7.2 per million in the period of one year. This incidence is much higher than the incidence rates reported from the Germany where only 14 cases were reported over a period of 8 years. This study does give us a preliminary idea about the incidence of this rare disease in this geographic area.

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Epidemics of chikungunya, Zika, and COVID-19 reveal bias in case-based mapping

10.1101/2021.07.23.21261038 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fausto Andres Bustos Carrillo ◽

Brenda Lopez Mercado ◽

Jairo Carey Monterrey ◽

Damaris Collado ◽

Saira Saborio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Population ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Infection Risk ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Typical Case ◽

Spatial Studies ◽

Disease Risks ◽

Substantial Bias ◽

Disease Epidemics ◽

Case Based

Explosive epidemics of chikungunya, Zika, and COVID-19 have recently occurred worldwide, all of which featured large proportions of subclinical infections. Spatial studies of infectious disease epidemics typically use symptomatic infections (cases) to estimate incidence rates (cases/total population), often misinterpreting them as infection risks (infections/total population) or disease risks (cases/infected population). We examined these three measures in a pediatric cohort (N≈3,000) over two chikungunya epidemics and one Zika epidemic and in a household cohort (N=1,793) over one COVID-19 epidemic in Nicaragua. Across different analyses and all epidemics, case incidence rates considerably underestimated both risk-based measures. Spatial infection risk differed from spatial disease risk, and typical case-only approaches precluded a full understanding of the spatial seroprevalence patterns. For epidemics of pathogens that cause many subclinical infections, relying on case-only datasets and misinterpreting incidence rates, as is common, results in substantial bias, a general finding applicable to many pathogens of high human concern.

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Ensemble forecasting of a continuously decreasing trend in bladder cancer incidence in Taiwan

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-87770-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bo-Yu Hsiao ◽

Shih-Yung Su ◽

Jing-Rong Jhuang ◽

Chun-Ju Chiang ◽

Ya-Wen Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bladder Cancer ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Total Population ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

World Health ◽

Cohort Model ◽

Incidence Trends ◽

Health Organization ◽

Cancer Incidence Rates ◽

Population Numbers

AbstractBladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies involving the urinary system of about 1.65 million cases worldwide. To attain the 25 by 25 goal set by the World Health Organization (25% reduction in non-communicable diseases between 2015 and 2025), developing strategies to reduce cancer burdens is essential. The data of the study comprised the age-specific bladder cancer cases and total population numbers from age 25 to 85 and above from 1997 to 2016 in Taiwan. An ensemble age–period–cohort model was used to estimate bladder cancer incidence trends and forecast the trends to 2025. For men, the projected age-standardized incidence rates per 100,000 people in 2020 and 2025 are 13.0 and 10.4, respectively, with a 16.1% and 32.9% decrease projected from 2016 to 2020 and 2025, respectively. For women, the projected age-standardized incidence rates per 100,000 people in 2020 and 2025 are 4.7 and 3.7, respectively, with a 16.1% and 33.9% decrease projected from 2016 to 2020 and 2025, respectively. The age-specific bladder cancer incidence rates demonstrated a consistently downward trend after 2003 for all ages and both sexes. This study projects that the incidence rates of bladder cancer in Taiwan will continue to decrease, and more than a 25% reduction can be achieved from 2016 to 2025.

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From the Oort cloud to Halley-type comets

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100031638 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 173 ◽

pp. 327-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J.A. Fernández ◽

T. Gallardo

Keyword(s):

Total Population ◽

Complex Function ◽

Dynamical Evolution ◽

Oort Cloud ◽

Capture Process ◽

Influx Rate ◽

Short Period ◽

Dynamical Properties ◽

Orbital Periods ◽

Probability Of Capture

AbstractThe Oort cloud probably is the source of Halley-type (HT) comets and perhaps of some Jupiter-family (JF) comets. The process of capture of Oort cloud comets into HT comets by planetary perturbations and its efficiency are very important problems in comet ary dynamics. A small fraction of comets coming from the Oort cloud − of about 10−2− are found to become HT comets (orbital periods < 200 yr). The steady-state population of HT comets is a complex function of the influx rate of new comets, the probability of capture and their physical lifetimes. From the discovery rate of active HT comets, their total population can be estimated to be of a few hundreds for perihelion distancesq <2 AU. Randomly-oriented LP comets captured into short-period orbits (orbital periods < 20 yr) show dynamical properties that do not match the observed properties of JF comets, in particular the distribution of their orbital inclinations, so Oort cloud comets can be ruled out as a suitable source for most JF comets. The scope of this presentation is to review the capture process of new comets into HT and short-period orbits, including the possibility that some of them may become sungrazers during their dynamical evolution.

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