scholarly journals Avaliação do Efeito do Extrato Etanólico de Piper umbellatum L. no Controle Alternativo de Rhizoctonia solani e Macrophomina phaseolina

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (5-esp.) ◽  
pp. 516-522
Author(s):  
Danielle Emanuelle Gusmão ◽  
Patricia Chaves ◽  
Rosemary Matias ◽  
Denise Renata Pedrinho ◽  
Silvia Rahe Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Mycelial Fungi ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Growth Evaluation

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, investigar o potencial do extrato da planta Piper umbellatum (Sin. Piper umbellata L.) no crescimento micelial de Rhizoctonia solani e Macrophomina phaseolina. Para avaliação das habilidades fungicida e ou fungistática, os fungos fitopatogênicos foram crescidos previamente em meio de cultura BDA (batata dextrose ágar), tendo sido  realizado o teste de crescimento micelial, em meio de cultura BDA nas concentrações de 800, 1200, 1600, 2000 e 2400 µg 100 mL-1. Foram vertidos 10 mL de meio das diferentes concentrações em placas de Petri, com quatro repetições para cada concentração. A avaliação do crescimento micelial para todos os patógenos foi realizada por medidas diárias do diâmetro das colônias. Na prospecção fitoquímica do extrato etanólico de P. umbellatum foi detectada a presença majoritária de compostos fenólicos (100%), seguido dos flavonoides, esteroides e alcaloides (75%), os taninos, triterpenos e açúcares redutores (50%) e com menor frequência as saponinas (25%). As concentrações testadas não inibiram o crescimento micelial dos fungos, no entanto se observou que houve interferência no desenvolvimento da colônia de R. solani, pois não foi observada a formação de micro escleródios, estruturas estas formadas na testemunha e em função da presença de metabólitos secundários no extrato que podem apresentar atividade antifúngica, é recomendável a continuação do estudo fitoquímico de P. umbellatum, para isolamento e identificação de substâncias responsáveis pela atividade e determinar suas frações ativas, visando o controle de agentes fitopatogênicos.   Palavras-chave: Plantas Fungicidas. Piperaceae. Estratos Vegetais. Rhizoctonia solani; Macrophomina phaseolina.       Abstract The objective of this work was to investigate the potential of Piper umbellatum (Sin. Piper umbellata L.) plant extract on the mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina. To evaluate fungicidal and or fungistatic abilities, phytopathogenic fungi were previously grown in BDA culture medium (potato dextrose agar), mycelial growth test was performed in BDA culture medium at concentrations of 800, 1200, 1600, 2000 and 2400 µg 100 mL -1. 10 mL of medium of the different concentrations were poured into Petri dishes, with four replicates for each concentration. Mycelial growth evaluation for all the pathogens was performed by daily measurements of colony diameter. Phytochemical prospecting of P. umbellatum ethanolic extract showed the presence of phenolic compounds (100%), followed by flavonoids, steroids and alkaloids (75%), tannins, triterpenes and reducing sugars (50%) and less frequently. the saponins (25%). The tested concentrations did not inhibit the mycelial fungi growth, however, it was observed that there was interference in the development of R. solani colony, as  the formation of micro sclerodes, structures formed in the control was not observed and due to the presence of secondary metabolites. In the extract that may present antifungal activity, the continuation of the phytochemical study of P. umbellatum is recommended for isolation and identification of substances responsible for the activity and to determine their active fractions, aiming at the control of phytopathogenic agents.   Keywords: Fungicidal plants; Piperaceae; Plant extracts; Rhizoctonia solani; Macrophomina phaseolina. 

scholarly journals In vitro antifungal potential of plant extracts against Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina.

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramaraju Cherkupally ◽  
Srinivasa Reddy Kota ◽  
Hindumathi Amballa ◽  
Bhumi Narasimha Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Fungitoxic Effect

The antifungal activity of aqueous extracts of nine plants viz, Azadirachta indica, Parthenium hysterophorus, Momordica charantia, Allium sativum, Eucalyptus globules, Calotropis procera, Aloe vera, Beta vulgaris and Datura stramonium were assessed in vitro against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina, the soil borne phytopathogens. The assessment of fungitoxic effect was carried out by using three different concentrations i.e., 5, 10 and 20% against the test fungi, in terms of percentage of mycelial growth inhibition. The extract of A. sativum completely inhibited the mycelial growth of M. phaseolina at all the concentrations. The extracts of D. stramonium and E. globulus inhibited the mycelial growth of R. solani of 72%, and 70.7% respectively at 20% concentration, that of A. sativum, E. globulus and D. stramonium exhibited inhibition percentage of 63.3%, 61.8% and 61.1% respectively at 20% concentration on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae. The application of plant extracts for disease management could be less expensive, easily available, non-polluting and eco-friendly.

scholarly journals In vitro mycelial sensitivity of Macrophomina phaseolina to fungicides

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosane Fátima Baldiga Tonin ◽  
Aveline Avozani ◽  
Anderson Luiz Durante Danelli ◽  
Erlei Melo Reis ◽  
Sandra Maria Zoldan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Growth Evaluation ◽  
Fungus Growth ◽  
Ic50 Concentration

Black root rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tass.) Goid., is the most common root disease in soybean fields. This study aimed to determine the in vitro mycelial sensitivity, measured by the IC50 (concentration to inhibit 50% of the fungus mycelial growth) of a M. phaseolina isolate obtained from soybean, to different fungicides (thiram, iprodione, carbendazim, pyraclostrobin, fluquinconazol, tolyfluanid, metalaxyl and penflufen + trifloxystrobin), at six concentrations (0.01 mg L-1, 0.10 mg L-1, 1.00 mg L-1, 10.00 mg L-1, 20.00 mg L-1 and 40.00 mg L-1 of the active ingredient). The 0.00 mg L-1 concentration represented the control, without fungicide addition. The mycelial growth evaluation was performed with the aid of a digital pachymeter, by measuring the colonies diameter, when the fungus growth in the control treatment reached the Petri dish edge. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications. Concerning the fungitoxicity of active ingredients, a variation from non-toxic to highly fungitoxic was observed to the M. phaseolina isolate, with IC50 values ranging from 0.23 mg L-1 to > 40.00 mg L-1, being carbendazim the most efficient one (IC50 = 0.23 mg L-1). The fungus showed insensitivity to the active ingredients of fluquinconazole, metalaxyl, thiram and tolyfluanid.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity on the Strain of Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Phytochemical Study of Ageratum conyzoides and Newbouldia laevis from the Kisangani Region / DR Congo

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
J. T. K. Kwembe ◽  
J. P. Mbula ◽  
O. Onautshu ◽  
P. T. Mpiana ◽  
G. Haesaert
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Lasiodiplodia Theobromae ◽  
Chemical Screening ◽  
Crude Extracts

Aims: To extract, identify and evaluate in vitro the antifungal activity of the phytochemical groups of Ageratum conyzoides and Newbouldia laevis on the strain of Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Study Design: Exploitation of medicinal plants to combat the growth of L. theobromae, responsible for the decline of cocoa cultivation. Location and Duration of Studies: Faculty of Sciences, University of Kisangani, between April 2017 and February 2018. Methodology: The crude extracts of the dry leaves of A. conyzoides and N. laevis were tested (at 100 mg/mL). Potato dextrose agar was used as the culture medium. After chemical screening, abundant phytochemical groups were isolated and tested. Results: The aqueous, 95% ethanolic and ethereal crude extracts of A. conyzoides are more antifungal (respective percentages of inhibition PI: 80.74; 84.10 and 85.64%) than those of N. laevis (63.28; 72.64 and 75.23%). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the aqueous crude extract of A. conyzoides is lower (25 mg/mL) than that of the ethanolic extract (50 mg/mL). Tannins are very abundant in A. conyzoides and in N. laevis. Saponins, sterols and terpenes are abundant in both plants. The extraction yields of tannins and saponins are respectively 20.67 and 2.43% in A. conyzoides and 10.47 and 2.38% in N. laevis. A. conyzoides contains the gallic tannins while N. laevis, the condensates and catechics. The saponins and tannins of A. conyzoides are more antifungal (respective PI: 84.40 and 54.44%) than those of N. laevis (PI: 75.56 and 32.96%). Discussion: The saponins of A. conyzoides and N. laevis are more active on the strain of L. theobromae than the tannins. Saponins are surfactants that can destabilize membrane structure of microorganisms including fungi. Conclusion: The saponins of the two plants have shown a very interesting antifungal power on the strain of L. theobromae. The identification of their active molecules is ongoing.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Forty Higher Plants against Phytopathogenic Fungi

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaripa Begum ◽  
Mohammad Yusuf ◽  
Jashim Uddin Chowdhury ◽  
Saifulla Khan ◽  
M Nural Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Alternative Source

Ethanolic extract of 40 higher plants representing 23 families were tested for antifungal activity against some phytopathogenic fungi. The two most active plants showing potent antifungal activity were Acorus calamus and Piper betel. The rhizome extract of A. calamus exhibited highest antifungal activity inhibiting the mycelial growth completely (100%) against all the 6 test pathogens. P. betel exhibited more than 50% inhibition against most of the test fungi. The ethanolic extract of several higher plants could be used as alternative source of antifungal agents for protection of plants or crops against fungal infection.Keywords: Antifungal activity, Phytopathogenic fungi, Higher plantsDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v24i1.1245 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 24, Number 1, June 2007, pp 76-78

Abscisic Acid in Phytopathogenic Fungi of the Genera Botrytis, Ceratocystis, Fusarium, and Rhizoctonia

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Dörffling ◽  
Wolfgang Petersen ◽  
Ewald Sprecher ◽  
Irene Urbasch ◽  
Hans-Peter Hanssen
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Scintillation Counting

Strains of the phytopathogenic species Botrytis cinerea, Ceratocystis coerulescens, C.fimbriata, Fusarium oxysporum, and Rhizoctonia solani were cultivated on a de­fined synthetic culture medium. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) was identified by gas chromato- graphy/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography data, and the contents determined in mycelia (15.9-31.9 ng/g mycel) and culture media (1.0-4.6 ng/ml) by scintillation counting.

scholarly journals Chemical Constituents of Suaeda monoica and its Biological Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2767-2773
Author(s):  
Ahmed A.M. Abdelgawad ◽  
Taha A.I. El Bassossy
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Aerial Parts

The ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Suaeda monoica was successively fractionated using petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The GC-MS analysis of dichloromethane fraction has resulted in the identification of 24 non-polar compounds. N,N-dimethyl-1-dodecanamine (19.13%), methyl (Z)-9-oleate (18.1%) and 2-methoxy-3-(2-propenyl)phenol (12.14%) were the major components and fatty acids methyl esters represented the major class of this nonpolar components. Phytochemical study of the ethyl acetate and methanol fractions led to isolation and identification of seven known compounds identified as pyrogallol, ferulic acid, luteolin, (+)-catechien, gallic acid, naringin and naringenin. Dichloromethane, ethyl aetate and methanol fractions exhibited weak to moderate antioxidant activity using DPPH free radical scavenging method. Ethyl acetate and methanol fractions showed no antifungal activity and weak to good antibacterial activity by diffusion agar technique, while the dichloromethane showed potent activity against all the tested strains. Different fractions revealed weak lipase inhibitory effect.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Chemical Constituents from Piper pesaresanum C. DC. and Derivatives against Phytopathogen Fungi of Cocoa

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3256
Author(s):  
Luis C. Chitiva-Chitiva ◽  
Cristóbal Ladino-Vargas ◽  
Luis E. Cuca-Suárez ◽  
Juliet A. Prieto-Rodríguez ◽  
Oscar J. Patiño-Ladino
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Benzoic Acid Derivatives ◽  
First Time

In this study, the antifungal potential of chemical constituents from Piper pesaresanum and some synthesized derivatives was determined against three phytopathogenic fungi associated with the cocoa crop. The methodology included the phytochemical study on the aerial part of P. pesaresanum, the synthesis of some derivatives and the evaluation of the antifungal activity against the fungi Moniliophthora roreri, Fusarium solani and Phytophthora sp. The chemical study allowed the isolation of three benzoic acid derivatives (1–3), one dihydrochalcone (4) and a mixture of sterols (5–7). Seven derivatives (8–14) were synthesized from the main constituents, of which compounds 9, 10, 12 and 14 are reported for the first time. Benzoic acid derivatives showed strong antifungal activity against M. roreri, of which 11 (3.0 ± 0.8 µM) was the most active compound with an IC50 lower compared with positive control Mancozeb® (4.9 ± 0.4 µM). Dihydrochalcones and acid derivatives were active against F. solani and Phytophthora sp., of which 3 (32.5 ± 3.3 µM) and 4 (26.7 ± 5.3 µM) were the most active compounds, respectively. The preliminary structure–activity relationship allowed us to establish that prenylated chains and the carboxyl group are important in the antifungal activity of benzoic acid derivatives. Likewise, a positive influence of the carbonyl group on the antifungal activity for dihydrochalcones was deduced.

scholarly journals Activity of Alkanediol Alkanoates against Pathogenic Plant Fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paraj Shukla ◽  
Suresh Walia ◽  
Vivek Ahluwalia ◽  
Balraj S. Parmar ◽  
Muraleedharan G. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Diethylene Glycol ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Acyl Chlorides ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Dose Dependent

Thirty known dialkanoates of ethylene, propylene and diethylene glycols were synthesized by reacting the glycols with acyl chlorides and their structures confirmed by IR, NMR and mass spectral analyses. They exhibited significant antifungal activity against two phytopathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani Kuehn and Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc in a dose dependent manner. Propylene glycol dipentanoate was the most active against R. solani. followed by diethylene glycol dibutanoate and ethylene glycol dibutanoate. Against S. rolfsii ethylene glycol diheptanoate was found to be most active followed by diethylene glycol diisobutanoate As compared to the standard reference benomyl (EC50 5.16 μg/mL), the potential alkanediol dialkanoates showed EC50 in the range of 33 – 60 μg/mL.

scholarly journals Induction of Soil Suppressiveness Against Rhizoctonia solani by Incorporation of Dried Plant Residues into Soil

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 1372-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Kasuya ◽  
Andriantsoa R. Olivier ◽  
Yoko Ota ◽  
Motoaki Tojo ◽  
Hitoshi Honjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Volatile Substance ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Antagonistic Bacteria ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Soil Suppressiveness

Suppressive effects of soil amendment with residues of 12 cultivars of Brassica rapa on damping-off of sugar beet were evaluated in soils infested with Rhizoctonia solani. Residues of clover and peanut were tested as noncruciferous controls. The incidence of damping-off was significantly and consistently suppressed in the soils amended with residues of clover, peanut, and B. rapa subsp. rapifera ‘Saori’, but only the volatile substance produced from water-imbibed residue of cv. Saori exhibited a distinct inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of R. solani. Nonetheless, disease suppression in such residue-amended soils was diminished or nullified when antibacterial antibiotics were applied to the soils, suggesting that proliferation of antagonistic bacteria resident to the soils were responsible for disease suppression. When the seed (pericarps) colonized by R. solani in the infested soil without residues were replanted into the soils amended with such residues, damping-off was suppressed in all cases. In contrast, when seed that had been colonized by microorganisms in the soils containing the residues were replanted into the infested soil, damping-off was not suppressed. The evidence indicates that the laimosphere, but not the spermosphere, is the site for the antagonistic microbial interaction, which is the chief principle of soil suppressiveness against Rhizoctonia damping-off.

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